ཀ་ཀུད་ཀུད་ND.gives as the present of བཀུ་.ཀུམ་ཀུམ་DS. ཀུམ་[DS].ཀུམ་[DS].DS. (archaic) To die DS. Compare འགུམ་ཀེར་ཀེར་CD, DK, DS, TC.ཀེརད་DK, ཀེར་[DS].TC.ཀེར་DK, TC, [DS].ཀེརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.(Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To erect, to point a finger toward the sky DK. To raise, lift up CD. To raise up (e.g. a finger) DS. To arise, get up TC.ཀོང་ཀོང་DK gives as the present of བཀོང་. ཀྲང་ཀྲང་(Gyurme 1992: 150-152), (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). (archaic, main verb un-negated) Signifies the successful execution of an action (Gyurme 1992: 150-152).(archaic) A question word similar to གམ་, ངམ་, &c. (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). Compare གྲང་2ཀྲབས་ཀྲབས་LZ gives as the present of བཀྲབ་ཀྲོངས་ཀྲོངས་LZ gives as the present of དགྲོངས་ཀླན་ཀླན་[CD], DS, TC.ཀླན་[DS].ཀླན་[CD], [DS].DS, (Skorupski 2001). 1. To wreak revenge for. [2. To mend, to patch] CD. 1. To avenge, to take revenge. 2. To answer, counter DS. (archaic) To answer, counter TC.ཀླལ་ཀླལ་CD, (DS) give as a present of གླལ་. ཀླས་ཀླས་(Li & Coblin 1987), [TC], (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). To be beyond, further than (Li & Coblin 1987). 1. To forget. 2. To arrive at the depths, meet the limit. 3. To understand (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997).CD, DS, TC prefer to see this as an adjective.ཀླུབ་1ཀླུབ་CD, DK.ཀླུབས་CD, DK.ཀླུབ་DK.ཀླུབས་DK.ལྷུབ་པ་(Chang 1971: iv.13). To cover the body with ornaments (Ja), to put on luxuriously (Cs), to set up a tent CD. To put on; to wear DK. Root given as klub < *s-'-lhub, *b-lhub? (Chang 1971: iv.12)ཀླུབ་2ཀླུབས་LZ.ཀླུབ་DK, DS, TC.བླུབས་(see note). བཀླུབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཀླུབས་LZ. བཀླུབ་DK, DS, TC.ལྷུབས་(see note).ཀླུབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལྷུབ་པ་[Chang 1971: iv.13].ན་བཟའ་སོགས་LZ. To adorn, put on another person; to make someone put on DK. To ornament, put on clothes DS. 1. To wear. 2. To adorn, decorate TC. Root given as g + lhub (Hahn 1999). For the form བླུབས་ (a. 1680) see (Eimer 1987); (Hahn 1999) suggests the inflection ཀླུབ་, བླུབས་, *ཀླུབ་, *ལྷུབས་; for the imperative he compares lhab lhub 'excessively bedecked'. ཀློག་ཀློག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བླགས་(see note).བཀླགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཀླགས་CD.བཀླག་KYT, KYN, TD,TD has བཀྲག་བྱ་ as the future, but this is obviously a mistake. LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཀླག་CD.ཀློགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྷོགས་(KYN), (ND).KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hackett 2003).མདོ་སྔ་སོགས་TD.བཀའ་བསྟན་དང་ཡི་གེ་སོགས་LZ. ཡི་གེ་ND. To read CD, DK. To read aloud DS, TC . Root given as klag < *s-'-lhag (Chang 1971: iv.12), *g + lhag (Hahn 1999). This form was first noted by (Nobel 1955) it is discussed in (de Jong 1974) who finds the forms པླགས, ཕླགས, and པླཧགས་ as well. (Hahn 1999) suggests the inflection ཀློག་, བླགས་, ཀླག་, ལྷོགས་. དཀག་དཀག་DS.དཀག་[DS].དཀག་[DS].DS. (of a melted liquid ) To solidify in the process of cooling DS.དཀའ་དཀའ་ND.དཀའ་[ND]. [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be difficult (Hackett 2003).དཀུ་དཀུ་DS, TC.དཀུ་[DS], TC.དཀུ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.DS, TC.[Abs, Obl.] (Hackett 2003).To drip, come down, fall DS.1. To brew, exude. 2. To fall. 3. (archaic) To remain, be left behind TC.དཀོནད་དཀོནད་LZ.དཀོནད་LZ.དཀོན་LZ.དཀོནད་LZ.འཇིག་རྟེན་སོགས་སུ་LZ. To appear (ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997).དཀྱུ་དཀྱུ་LZ, CD (archaic), DK, DS, TC.འཁྱུས་ND.དཀྱུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྱུ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྱུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱུས་NWHརྟ་སོགས་LZ.བྲོས་པའི་ND. 1. To run a race 2. To wring out; to filter (Sch.) 3. To caper about (Ja) CD. To race, to run away DK. To race (a horse, mule, &c.) DS. To control, ride a horse TC. see note at འཁྱུས་.དཀྱུད་དཀྱུད་CD. To forget CD.དཀྲི་དཀྲི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀྲི་CD.དཀྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲི་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲིས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཨྀND.NDDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲི་[CD] (Chang 1971: v.6), (Duff). འཁྲིལ་ (Chang 1971: v.6).དར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.དར་སོགས་ND. 1. (archaic) To conduct one's pupil from one stage of learning to another stage. 2. To wind; to wrap around. 3. To ensnare CD. To wind, to wrap up; to roll up DK. To bind something with string or rope DS. 1. To bind, to tie. 2. To cover, impose, accuse, deprecate TC.དཀྲིག་དཀྲིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲིགས་LS. དཀྲིགས DK, DS, TC. DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲིག་(Duff).དུ་སྤྲིན་སོགས LZ. To make overcast; to gather clouds [sic], to pile up DK. To fill up (with clouds, smoke &c.) DS.To obscure TC.དཀྲུག་དཀྲུག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲུགས་ LZ, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲུག་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲུག་[CD] (Chang 1971: v.6) (Gyurme 1992: 258) (Duff).སྤྲུག་(Chang 1971: v.6)ཞོ་དང་ཐུགས་སོགས LZ. To disturb, put in motion; to turn, turn on a lathe CD. To stir up; to disturb; to agitate; to disunite; to create differences by instigation DK. 1. To stir, churn (a kind of liquid with a stick). 2. To be unharmonious, disagreeable. 3. To finish, conclude DS. 1. To disturb, stir, churn. 2. To agitate, disrupt. 3. To carve by turning on a lathe TC. Root given as dkrug < *b-krug (Chang 1971: v.6). Compare དཀྲོག་.དཀྲུམ་དཀྲུམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཅོང་ཞི་སོགས LZ. To break; to crack DK. To break into bits DS. To break (fragile objects) TC.དཀྲོག་དཀྲོག་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲོགས་CD.དཀྲོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲོག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. - ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: v.6). འཁྲོག་ (Gyurme 1992: 258) [Duff].ཞོ་སོགས་LZ. སྟོ་དང་བྱ་སོགས་(dkrogs) NDB.ཞོ་དང་བྱ་སོགས་(dkrogs) NDA. ཞོ་ (-) ND. 1. To churn; to agitate, mingle, trouble. 2. To rouse; scare up; to wag, e.g. the tail (Jä) CD. To stir up; to churn; to give a feeling of surprise to; to disturb; to open. DK. 1. To stir, churn. 2. To startle, surprise DS. 1. To churn, agitate, stir. 2. To disturb TC. Root given as dkrog < b-krog (Chang 1971: v.6). Compare དཀྲུག་དཀྲོལ་དཀྲོལ་LZ, DK, TC. give as the present to འཁྲོལ་1བཀན་བཀན་LZ, ND, CD, DS, TC.བཀནད་LZ, ND. བཀན་[DS], TC. བཀན་LZ, ND. [DS]. TC.བཀནད་LZ, ND. ཨྀND.བཀན་TC. ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003). NDDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་དང་ཐལ་མོ་སོགས་LZ. ལག་པར་སོགས་(bkand) NDB.ལག་པ་སོགས་(bkand) NDA.ལག་པས་(-) ND. 1. To up-root, turn up anything by applying a stick at its foot or root. 2. To bend. 3. To put; to press; to apply (Jä). 4. To hold fast; to extend (Cs). CD. 1. To raise up. 2. To firmly press DS. 1. To turn face upwards. 2. To hold firmly, to press down. 3. To neglect TC .བཀུ་བཀུ་ LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཀུད་ ND.བཀུས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.བཀུ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ཀུས་LZ, ND. བཀུས་ DS, TC.LZ, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུད་NWH.ཁུ་བ་ 'juice'NWHསྨན་གྱི་ཁུ་བ་སོགས་LZ. སྨན་དང་སྣུམ་སོགས་ND. To make extract of a drug by drawing out the juice CD. To extract juice by boiling DS.To extract a medicinal infusion TC.བཀུར་བཀུར་LZ, CD, DS, TC.འཁུར་ND, DKབཀུརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཀུར་ [DS], TC.བཀུར་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.བཀུར་LZ, TC.ཁུརད་ ND, DK. TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཆོག་དང་གོང་དུ་LZ.གཙུག་ཏུ་ ND. I. To pay homage or reverence; to esteem. 2. To slander, to blaspheme CD. To respect, venerate DK. To respect DS.To make offering, serve, respect TC.བཀུར་བཀུར་CD gives as a present to འཁུར་བཀོང་1བཀོང་LZ, DS, TC. ཀོང་DK.བཀོངས་LZ, DK. བཀོང་[DS], TC.བཀོང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཀོང་LZ, TC. ཀོངས་DK. TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྦ་སོགས་LZ. To break the pride of somebody; to cause to become a coward DK. To discourage, intimidate, humble DS. To frighten, intimidate, discourage TC. Compare འཁོང་ and འགོང་བཀོང་2བཀོང་DS.བཀོང་[DS].བཀོང་[DS].DS To be wrinkled DS.བཀོན་བཀོན་LZ, TC. give as the present of འཁོན་.བཀོལ་བཀོལ་LZ, TC. give as the present of འཁོལ་3བཀྱོན་བཀྱོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བཀྱོནད་LZ, DK. བཀྱོན་[DS], TC.བཀྱོན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཀྱོན་LZ, TC. བཀྱོནད་DK. TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཚིག་གམ་བཀས་LZ. To beat, to chastise CD. To scold; to admonish DK. (honorific) To speak roughly to someone DS. (honorific) To scold, reprimand TC.བཀྲ་བཀྲ་ND.བཀྲ་[ND]. To be beautiful, clear, multicolored (CD, TC list as an adjective).བཀྲགས་བཀྲགས་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). To roast, grill (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228) imply a connection to སྲེག་བཀྲབ་ཀྲབས་LZ. བཀྲབ་CD, DS, TC.བཀྲབས་LZ.CD, DS, TC. བཀྲབ་LZ.DS, TC.ཀྲོབས་LZ. བཀྲབས་DS. བཀྲོབས་ TC.DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་དང་གྲོགས་སོགས་LZ. To choose or select from among many CD. (archaic) To select from among many DS. To choose, select TC.བཀྲལ་བཀྲལ་CD, TC. འགྲེལ་ DK.བཀྲལ་TC. བཀྲལད་ DK.བཀྲལ་DK, TC. བཀྲོལ་TC. འགྲེལད་ DK.TC.TC.ཁྲལ་ 'tax'NWH. To appoint CD. To share tax payment DK. To impose (a tax) TC. བཀྲི་བཀྲི་LZ, CD (archaic), TC. give as the present of འཁྲིད་1བཀྲུག་བཀྲུག་(Chang 1971: v.6), (Jä) give as an alternate or erroneous present to དཀྲུག་. བཀྲེས་བཀྲེས་CD (archaic), DK, TC.བཀྲེས་DK, TC.བཀྲེས་DK, TC. བཀྲེས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བཀྲེས་ 'hunger' NWH. To be hungry CD, TC. To feel hungry DK.བཀྲོས་བཀྲོས་CD, DK.བཀྲོས་DK.བཀྲོས་DK.བཀྲོས་DK. To choose; to select. CD, DK.རྐམ་བརྐམ་LZ, [CD], TC. རྐོམ་ND. རྐམ་[CD (archaic)], DK, DS. བརྐམ་LZ, TC. བརྐམས་ND, DK, DS.བརྐམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐམ་ LZ. རྐམས་ DK. རྐོམས་ ND, DS. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཟས་ནོར་སོགས་ལ་LZ.འདོད་ལ་ND.To desire, long for (as a child for sweets) DS. To be attached to, to yearn forTC.རྐུ་རྐུ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐུ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐུན་མ་'thief'NWH.གཞན་གྱི་ནོར་སོགས་TD. གཞན་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ. རྐུན་མ་ ND. To steal; to rob. CD. To steal; to take away unlawfully DK. To steal, to take by sleight the property of another which has not been given or paid for TC.རྐོ་རྐོ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྐོད་CD.བརྐོས་ KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐོ་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྐོས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐ་ 'furrow' (Beyer 1992: 112 n.11).ཁྲོན་པ་སོགས་TD. ས་དང་དཔར་སོགས་ LZ. ས་དྲང་སྤར་སོགས་ ND. 1. To dig, dig out; to hoe. 2. To engrave; turn up; till CD. To inscribe; to dig; to engrave; to print DK. To dig (a hole in the ground &c.) DS 1. To dig, excavate. 2. To carve out letters and designs (in stone, wood &c.) TC.རྐོན་རྐོན་DK.བརྐོནད་DK.བརྐོན་DK.རྐོནད་DK.རྐོན་ 'a net, trap' NWH. To trap or catch in a trap. DK From colloquial data (Chang 1971: vii.16) hypothesizes a verb *bskon 'to cause to get caught, hung up i.e. to hang on a peg' as the causative of *khon or *'khon 'to get caught, hung up'. Perhaps DK confirms her hypothesis.རྐོམ་རྐོམ་ND. gives as the present of རྐམ་རྐྱག་རྐྱག་(CD). gives as a present to སྐྱག་རྐྱལ་རྐྱལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC.བརྐྱལ་LZ. རྐྱལ་DS, TC.རྐྱལ་LZ, DS, TC.རྐྱོལད་LZ. རྐྱོལ་ DS, TC.LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆུ་བོ་LZ. To swim, to amuse oneself by swimming (Jä) CD. To swim DS, TC. རྐྱོང་རྐྱོང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐྱངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐྱང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྐྱོངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐང་ 'foot' (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15).ཡན་ལག་སོགས་TD. ཞབས་སོགས་ LZ. ཡན་ལག་ ND. To stretch, extend, stretch forth (one's hands to a person), put out (the tongue); spread; distend (the wings, a curtain) CD. To stretch out one's arms; to extend DK. To extend, stretch (the feet, hands &c.) DS. To stretch, spread out, extend TC. Related to རྒྱོང་(Duff).ལྐུགས་ལྐུག་ DK. ལྐུགས་ DS, TC. ལྐུགས་DK, [DS], TC.ལྐུག་ DK. ལྐུགས་[DS]. TC. ལྐུགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལྐུག་ 'dumb, mute' NWH. To become foolish; to become dumb DK. To become unable to speak clearly DS. To be dumb, to be unable to talk, to loose one's voice TC.སྐད་སྐད་CD, DS.སྐད་[DS].སྐད་[DS].DS.སྐད་ 'language, speech' NWH. To say, tell, relate CD. The written equivalent of ཞེས་ and ཟེར་ which mark the end of quoted speech DS.སྐམ་སྐམ་DK, (Gyurme 1992: 258), (Hoshi 2003).བསྐམས་DK.སྐམ་(Hoshi 2003).བསྐམ་DK.སྐམས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).(Gyurme 1992: 249). To make thirsty DK. To dry up, dry out (Gyurme 1992: 249), (Hoshi 2003). Compare སྐེམ་སྐར་སྐར་CD.བསྐར་CD.སྐོར་CD.CD. To hang up; to weigh. CD.སྐུ་སྐུ་DK gives as an alternate present to སྐུད་.སྐུག་སྐུག་DS, TC.བསྐུགས་DS, TC. བསྐུག་DS, TC.སྐུགས་DS, TC. DS, TC. DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). For the winner not comply with the game of taking wealth, after a dispute over victory and defeat DS. To make a bet, to bet, to gambol TC.སྐུང་སྐུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུངས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དབེན་པ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. སྦེད་པའི་ ND. To hide in the ground, to bury, to inter CD. To hide; to keep secret DK. 1. To hide away. 2. To write the symbol 'X' as a substitute for following words which are repeated in lines of verse, or other expression DS. To hide, conceal TC.སྐུད་སྐུད་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐུ་ DK. བསྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཀུ་NWH.སྣུ་མ་སོགས TD, ND. སྨན་སོགས་ LZ. To smear, to besmear; to daub CD. To anoint; to apply oil or ointment DK. To put (dye, oil &c.) on the surface of something DS. To apply, put on, cover, smear TC.སྐུམ་སྐུམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུམ་TDཊཌསེཨེམས་ཏོ་ཧབེ༹་དསྐུམ་བྱ་ཨས་ཐེ་ཕུ༹ཏཨུརཨེ, བུཏ་བསྐུམ་མུསཏབེ་མེཨནཏ , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐུམས་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐུམ་ LZ. TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁུམ་(Chang 1971: v.i), (Gyurme 1992: 258), (Beyer 1992: 116).ཡན་ལག་སོགས་TD, LZ. རྐང་ལག་སོགས་ LZ. To contract; to be drawn up; to be paralyzed CD. To withdraw, to draw in; to make shorter or smaller; to contract; to conceal DK. The opposite of produce, extend DS. 1. To contract, bend, pull in. 2. To conceal, to obfuscate TC.སྐུར་སྐུར་KYN, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུརད་KYN, [CD], ND, DK, བསྐུར་ DS, TC.བསྐུར་KYN, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐུརད་KYN, ND, DK, སྐུར་ DS, TC.KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁུར་(Gyurme 1992: 259). དབང་དང་འགན་ND. To bestow, give, send CD. To make someone carry; to send; to cause to venerate on, to make someone pay respect DK. 1. To deliver to the place of delivery by entrusting (a thing, letter &c.) with another person, post office. 2. For something to be carried (on the water, wind &c.) DS. 1. To send, dispatch. 2. To give, bestow, entrust, assign TC.སྐུལ་སྐུལ་ KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྐུལ་ CD, DS, TC.བསྐུལ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐུལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྐུལ་ DS, TC. KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་བསྐུལ་སོགས TD ཐུག་རྒྱུད་ལས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ལས་ལ་དང་དགེ་ལ་ ND. To excite; to exhort, admonish, enjoin CD. To induce; exhort, urge; to request to do something; to persuade DK. To motivate, incite DS. 1. To induce, compel, persuade. 2. To incite, motivate TC.སྐེམ་1སྐེམ་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྐེམས་ND.སྐམ་DK.བསྐམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. སྐེམས་ DK. སྐམས་ DK. TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐེམ་, སྐམ་ 'dry' NWH.ཆུ་སོགས་TD, NDཎཌB ཨིས་ཨུནཅལེཨར, ༿༿༾༾ལུ་སོགས྄ . གོས་གཤེར་བ་དང་མེ་ཏོག་སོགས་ LZ. To make dry, to dry up CD. To dry DK. To make fewer, to dehydrate DS. . To dry out, to dry TC.སྐེམ་2སྐེམས་ND. སྐེམ་ DS.བསྐམས་ND, DS.བསྐམ་ND, DS.ཨྀND, DS. ND, DS.DS.སྐེམ་, སྐམ་ 'dry' NWH.ཁ་NDA, ཁ་སོགས་NDB. To wilt (of plants), become dry DS.སྐོ་སྐོ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐོས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐོ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐོས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དཔོན་གྱོག་སོགས་TD.ལས་སྣེ་སོགས་LZ.རྒྱལ་སར་ND. To select; to appoint, nominate, commission, charge CD. To appoint DK. For leaders or people to give responsibility to a person for a task DS. To appoint. 2. To be determined by the power of past deeds TC.(Uray 1972: 19) connects this verb with མཁོས་/ཁོས་/ཁོད་ 'institution, administration, settlement of the state' along with the verbs, འཁོད་, and འགོད་.སྐོང་1སྐོང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐོངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐང་བ་ 'satisfaction' (Róna-Tas 1985: 179).ཐུགས་དམ་སོགས་TD.ཐུགས་དམ་དང་རེ་བ་སོགས་LZ.ཐུགས་དམ་ND. To fulfill CD. To complete; to add; to satisfy, fulfill a wish DK. 1. To fulfill. 2. To make up a deficiency; to supplement TC.སྐོང་2སྐོང་TC.བསྐོངས་TC.བསྐོང་TC.སྐོངས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To summon, convene TC.སྐོན་སྐོན་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐོནད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK.བསྐོན་CD, DS, TC.བསྐོན་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོནད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK.སྐོན་CD, DS, TCKYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གོན་(Chang 1971: vii.16, see note) (Gyurme 1992: 259). གྱོན་ (Gyurme 1992: 259) (Duff) འཁོན་(Chang vii.16, see note)ཁྲབ་རྨོག་ལྟ་བུ་སོགས་LZ.གོས་སོགས་ND. To dress; to clothe another person CD. To make someone put on a dress or an ornament DK. 1. To make someone wear (wools, a hat &c.). 2. To cause an action similar to the wearing of hats or clothes (e.g. bridle a horse, tie a rope around a calf's neck) DS. To dress, put on clothes, to cover TC.Written Tibetan སྐོན་, བསྐོན་, བསྐོན་ 'to dress, to clothe another person': gon 'to put on (clothes, shoes)' appears to be an example of the devoicing caused by s similar to སྤུབ་, འབུབ་. Our spoken Tibetan data, however, does not confirm this meaning of སྐོན་, suggesting rather two bases, *kon 'to get caught', and *gon 'to get dressed' (Chang 1971: viii.15).སྐོམ་སྐོམ་DS, TC. སྐོམ་[DS]. སྐོམས་ TC.སྐོམ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོམ་ 'dry' NWH. For a desire to drink to arise when the liquid of the body is depleted DS. To suffer because the wetness within the mouth has dried TC. Compare སྐམ་ and སྐེམ་.སྐོར་1སྐོར་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐོརད་TD, LZ, ND, DK.བསྐོར་CD, DS, TC.བསྐོར་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོརད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྐོར་ DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 247).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ཆོས་འཁོར་སོགས་TD.ལྷ་ཁང་དང་རྟེན་ལ་LZ.འཁོར་བར་ND. 1. To fill with; to surround, encircle, enclose, besiege; to come again and again; to revolve. 2. To traverse, ride round a thing. 3. To circumambulate CD. To turn round; to turn a wheel; to take a round; to encircle, surround DK. 1. To make something turn around the circumference of a center. 2. To lead, take control. 3. To encircle, surround. 4. To change directions, shift allegiances. 5. To trick, mislead DS. 1. To turn around, rotate. 2. To surround, encircle TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggest that skyor is a palatalized version of this verb, however སྐོར་ has the root vowel o and སྐྱོར་ the root vowel a, so his analysis is unlikely.སྐོར་2སྐོར་DS, TC.བསྐོར་DS, TC.བསྐོར་DS, TC.སྐོར་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS. TC. To go, wander, roam, loaf DS. To wander, to roam, to move about TC. In Situ's great commentary only བསྐོར་ and not སྐོར་ is given DS.སྐོལ་སྐོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐོལད་LZ, ND, DK.བསྐོལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྐོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐོལ་DS, TC. ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hackett 2003).འཁོལ་CD, (Chang 1971: v.1), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116).ཟ་སོགས་LZ.ཟ་དང་ཆུ་NDB.ཟ་དང་ཆུ་སོགས་NDA. To boil CD, DK, TC.སྐྱ་སྐྱས་LZ. སྐྱ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོས་ND, DS, TC. སྐྱས་LZ, DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞི་དང་རུས་པ་སོགས་LZ. 'ཕོ་བའི་ND. 1. To carry; convey to a place (a quantity of stones, wood, water, &c.). 2. To change place CD. To move one's residence or dwelling; to migrate, transfer DK. 1. To move, to move from one place to another, to migrate. 2. (archaic) To deliver, convey TC.སྐྱག་སྐྱག་CD. རྐྱག་(CD).བསྐྱོགས་CD.བསྐྱག་CD.སྐྱོག་CD. 1. To spread, lay out, expand. 2. (in West) To slaughter, murder (Jä) CD.CD suggests comparison with འགྱག་སྐྱད་སྐྱད་DK.བསྐྱད་DK.བསྐྱད་DK.སྐྱད་DK[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To kill DK. 1. To kill. 2. To compete [Lishi gur khang]སྐྱས་སྐྱས་LZ. gives as the present of སྐྱ་སྐྱི་སྐྱི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་ལས་གསེར་དངུལ་སོགས་LZ.ནོར་སོགས་ND. To borrow, especially money or goods CD. To lend; to borrow; to give or take something on loan DK. To loan, borrow TC. Certainly the same verb as སྐྱིན་NWH.སྐྱིག་1སྐྱིག་DK.བསྐྱིགས་DK.བསྐྱིག་DK.སྐྱིགས་DK To cause to tie, to fasten DK.སྐྱིག་2སྐྱིག་(Jä). To hiccup (Jä).སྐྱིན་སྐྱིན་CD, DK.བསྐྱིན་CD.བསྐྱིནད་DK.བསྐྱིན་DK.སྐྱིནད་DK.སྐྱིན་པ་ 'loan' NWH. To borrow CD. To lend, to borrow CD. Compare སྐྱི་.སྐྱིལ་སྐྱིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱིལད་LZ. ND, DK.བསྐྱིལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྐྱིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱིལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐྱིལ་DS, TC. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱིལ་(Chang 1971: v.3) (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116).མཚོ་དངཨག་ཆུ་སོགས་LZ.ཆུ་སོགས་ND. 1. To pen up, shut up; to dam up a river. 2. (Jä) to bend, especially the legs when sitting on the ground after the oriental fashion. To bend in another's leg by a kick from behind; to bend the bow CD. To dam; to store DK. 1. To dam up, to pen up, contain. 2. To keep TC.སྐྱུག་1སྐྱུག་CD, ND, DK.སྐྱུགས་CD, ND, DK.སྐྱུག་ND, DK.སྐྱུགས་ND, DK.ND.སྐྱུག་པ་ 'vomit, purgative' NWH.ཀོང་ནད་ND. To vomit, to eject (e.g. blood). 2. To lose color, to stain CD. To vomit; to come out forcefully DK.སྐྱུག་2སྐྱུག་DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུགས་DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུག་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱུགས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.TCDS[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱུག་པ་ 'vomit, purgative'NWH. To cause to vomit DK. To release the contents of the viscera from the mouth DS. To vomit, to wretch TC.སྐྱུང་སྐྱུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TCབསྐྱུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TCབསྐྱུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TCསྐྱུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC CD, ND, DS, TCDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཁེངས་པ་སོགས་LZ.ཉུང་དུ་ND. 1. To diminish, reduce. 2. (Jä) (In central Tibet) to leave behind; to lay aside (a task). CD To reduce or diminish one's prive or voice; to subdue; to give up DK.DS 1. To cast off, leave far behind, to abandon and put behind; to give up completely, to discard completely. 2. To lessen (in amount, degree), to reduce (in size, extent) TC (Duff).བསྐྱུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཨྀ TC. ND, DS. TC.DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སེམས་ལ་LZ.བརྗེད་བྱ་ND. 1. To forget. 2. To leave off (Jä). 3. To communicate, swallow (Sch.) CD. To forget; to fail to recall DK. (archaic) To forget DS. To forget TC.སྐྱུར་སྐྱུར་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུརད་LZ, ND, DK.བསྐྱུར་CD, DS, TC.བསྐྱུར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱུརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐྱུར་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱུར་(Chang 1971: v.4), (Beyer 1992: 116).བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་སོགས་རྒྱབ་ཏུ་LZ.ཕར་ལ་ND. To throw, to cast; to leave off CD. To throw or to cast off, to renounce or give up DK. 1. To throw away, discard (rubbish). 2. To abandon, leave behind (homeland, troubles) DS. 1. (Mental) To give up on, to abandon, to forsake, to go back on something which one has previously adhered to, to leave behind something for something else seen as better. 2. (Physical) To toss off, away, to cast off something which is now seen as rubbish or as useless TC (Duff).སྐྱེ་སྐྱེ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེ་LZ. སྐྱེས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱེད་ (Laufer 1915: 62).སྐྱེ་བ་ 'birth', སྐྱེ་བུ་ 'person' NWH.སྲིད་པ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. To be born, arise CD. To be born; to come out newly DK. 1. kinds of vegetation having first sprouted a shoot, to develop fruit. 2. To issues from the mother's womb. 3. To mature, rise up like the sprouting of vegetation. 4. To become larger or longer. 5. To arise, occur DS. 1. To be born, to arise, to grow anew. 2. To grow, increase TC.སྐྱེང་1སྐྱེང་CD, DK. སྐྱེངས་ CD. DS, TC.སྐྱེངས་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྱེང་DK.སྐྱེངས་[DS], TC. སྐྱེངས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be ashamed CD. To be ashamed; to be embarrassed DK, DS. To be abashed, embarrassed, circumspect (especially regarding speech) TC (Duff). I could see here two verbs (སྐྱེངས་, སྐྱེངས་, སྐྱེངས་, - ) and (སྐྱེང་, སྐྱེངས་, སྐྱེང་, སྐྱེངས་) the evidence is insufficient to decide. སྐྱེང་2སྐྱེང་ DK.བསྐྱེངས་DK.བསྐྱེང་ DK. སྐྱེངས་DK. To make shameful or to cause to be ashamed; to belittle; to bring down DK.སྐྱེད་སྐྱེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱེད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱེ་(Laufer 1915: 62), (Duff).ཆོ་ག་དང་བུ་སོགས་LZ.ལྷ་སོགས་དང་སེམས་ND. To procreate, generate, bring forth. give birth to CD. To make progress, to increase, widen DK.སྐྱེམ་སྐྱེམ་CD. སྐྱེམས་[CD]. To be thirsty CD. Root given as skyem < skyam < skam (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15).སྐྱེལ་སྐྱེལད་LZ, ND.སྐྱེལ་CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱལད་LZ, NDBཎཌB སེཨེམས་ཏོ་ཧབེ༹་བསྐྱམདཝཧིཅཧམུསཏབེ་ཨིན་ཕ༹ཅཏབསྐྱལད ཎཌཱ་ཧས་བསྐྱལ , DK.བསྐྱལ་CD, NDA, DS, TC.བསྐྱལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོལད་LZ, ND, DK.སྐྱོལ་ CD, (DK), DS, TC. LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཏོ་མདོས་སོགས་LZ.གནས་སུ་ND. 1. To carry, to take away. 2. To send. 3. To risk, to stake (one's life). 4. To use, to employ CD. To deliver a person or thing; to see off, to kiss; to lose; to vow; to accomplish DK. 1. To go from one place to another place accompanying another person in order to show love, to protect, or supervise. 2. To raise a thing from one place to another place. 3. To use, employ. 4. To finish, perfect DS. 1.To escort, to see off. 2. To send, transport, deliver, 3. To do, to apply. 4. To pass, spend (of time) TC. Root given as skyal Compare འཁྱོལ་སྐྱེལ་སྐྱེལ་CD. བསྐྱེལ་CD.བསྐྱེལ་CD.སྐྱོལ་CD.TC.DS, TC. To conduct, accompany CD.སྐྱོ་སྐྱོ་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོ་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྱོ་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྱོ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོ་ 'grief, sorrow' NWH. To be sad, to be gloomy DK. 1. To be irritated. 2. To be disaffected DS. 1. To be sad, to be miserable. 2. To be fed up with, to be weary of, to be disenchanted with, to have distaste for TC (Duff).སྐྱོག་སྐྱོག་CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོགས་DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོག་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོགས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To turn, to turn away, aside CD. To turn aside, to drive aside DK. 1. To change direction. 2. To bend, make crooked DS. 1. To turn. 2. To move over, to give way TC.སྐྱོང་1སྐྱོང་DS.སྐྱོང་[DS].སྐྱོང་[DS].DS. To go on a long road DS.སྐྱོང་2སྐྱོང་Ë TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐྱོངས་ CD.བསྐྱང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོང་(Zeisler 2004: 349).སྐྱོངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དྲིན་གྱིས་TD.བརྩེ་བ་དང་དྲིན་གྱིས་LZ.དྲིན་གྱིས་བོན་༿༿ཚེས༾༾B བསྟན་པ་སོགས་ND. To guard; to keep; to defend; to save; to preserve CD. To look after; to nurse, cherish; to take care of; to administer DK. 1. To look after, support, take care of. 2. To supervise, direct, support DS. 1. To sustain, take care of, tend, look after. 2. To protect, guard. 3. To manage, do, hold, control, carry out TC.སྐྱོད་1སྐྱོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོད་ LZ, DK, DS.ཨྀTC.ND, DS. TC. CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གནས་སོགས་དང་རླུང་གིས་LZ. To move; to go, pass on CD. To move DK. To move, agitate DS. To move, stir, agitate TC.སྐྱོད་2སྐྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོད་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). CD.DS, TC.གོམ་པའི་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་ND. (In West) (Respectful) To go, to walk CD. To cause to go or proceed DK. To go DS. To go TC.སྐྱོན་1སྐྱོན་DK.སྐྱོནད་DK.སྐྱོན་DK.སྐྱོནད་DK. To make defective; to become defective DK.སྐྱོན་2སྐྱོནད་LZ. སྐྱོན་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོན་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བསྐྱོནད་ ND, DK.བསྐྱོན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐྱོན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hackett 2003).ཞོན་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).རྟ་དང་གསལ་ཤིང་སོགས་ལ་LZ.རྟ་ལ་NDB.རྟ་ལ་སོགས་NDA. To put astride upon a thing CD. To put on a horse DK. 1. To have mount, place astride. 2. To place on top of. 3. To make (someone) wear, to dress (someone) DS. 1. To place someone on a horse, to put astride. 2. To place above, place upon. 3. (honorific) Equivalent of the auxiliary verb རྒྱག་TC. Compare གྱོན་, གོན་སྐྱོན་3སྐྱོན་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 176). Suffixed to nouns in order to create verbs, very common in the colloquial. In this respect it is the honorific corresponding to རྒྱག་NWH. (Honorific) Equivalent to རྒྱག་པ་TC.སྐྱོབ་སྐྱོབ་KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱབས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱབ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོབས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Abl.] (Hahn 1994: 108). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཁྱབ་[Coblin 1986].ཉེ་པ་སོགས་TD.འཇིགས་པ་དངཨག་སྡུག་སྔལ་སོགས་ལས་LZ.འཇིགས་པ་ལ་ND. To protect; to defend, preserve, save CD. To protect, give shelter; to defend, to rescue DK. To help, save from danger DS. To protect TC. Related to the noun སྐྱོབ་ 'protection, refuge'. (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15) suggests that this verb is a palatalized version of གབ་ 'cover, protect' though he does not account for the voicing difference.སྐྱོམ་སྐྱོམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱམས་LZ, ND, DK, TC. བསྐྱོམས་ CD, DS.བསྐྱམ་LZ, ND, DK, TC. བསྐྱོམ་ CD, DS.སྐྱོམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱོམ་(Chang 1971: v .4), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).མཚཨོ་སོགས་LZ.སྣོད་སོགས་ND. (Rare in colloquial) 1. To pour; to pout out, agitate, stir up. 2. (Lex) To give CD. To swish, to stir a liquid; to cause turbulence DK. To stir, agitate (a liquid) DS. To stir, shake TC.སྐྱོར་1སྐྱོར་[LZ],CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱར་CD, DS, TC.བསྐྱརད་ND, DK.བསྐྱར་[LZ],CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོརད་[LZ], ND, DK. སྐྱོར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སླར་ཡང་LZ.ཡང་ཡང་ND. To repeat, recite by heart CD. To repeat; to do, make something again; to reproduce, imitate; to recite DK. To read aloud, repeat DS. To repeat, to do over again TC (Duff).LZ lists a verb (སྐྱོར་, བསྐྱོརད་, བསྐྱར་, སྐྱོརད་) which is a conflation of this verb and the following. (Beyer 1992: 83) suggest that སྐྱོར་ is a palatalized version of སྐོར་, however སྐོར་ has the root vowel o and སྐྱོར་ the root vowel a, so his analysis is unlikely.སྐྱོར་2སྐྱོར་[LZ], DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོརད་[LZ], DK. བསྐྱོར་ DS, TC.བསྐྱོར་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོརད་[LZ], DK. སྐྱོར་ DS, TC.[LZ], DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To hold up, to prop, to paste CD. To support upright; to support from al sides so as to stand; to help, to support DK. 1. To prevent a person or thing from falling down. 2. To help, do, protect DS. To support, prop up, brace TC.སྐྲག་སྐྲག་CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲགས་DK. སྐྲག་[DS], TC.སྐྲག་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྲགས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (nearly always combined with 'jigs pa) To be terrified, frightened, afraid of something CD. To be frightened, to be terrified DK. To become afraid DS. To be afraid TC. Cognate with adjective སྐྲག་ 'scary'.སྐྲང་སྐྲང་CD, DK, (DS), TC. སྐྲངས་DS.སྐྲངས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. སྐྲང་ [(DS)].སྐྲང་DK, [(DS)], TC. སྐྲངས་ [DS].སྐྲངས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To swell CD. To swell, be swollen DK. For the flesh to swell up due to injury to the body or illness DS. To swell up TC.སྐྲབ་སྐྲབ་LZ, CD, DK.བསྐྲབས་LZ, DK.བསྐྲབ་LZ, DK.སྐྲབས་LZ, DK.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲབ་NWH.བྲོ་དང་རྐང་སྟབས་སོགས་LZ. To beat the ground with one's feet; to stamp, tread; to dance CD. To cause to dance; to cause to select DK.DS gives སྐྲབ་ as an archaic word for བྲོ་འཁྲབ་.སྐྲི་སྐྲི་CD (archaic), ND, TC. (archaic).བསྐྲིས་ND.བསྐྲི་ND.སྐྲིས་ND. སྐྲི་ [TC] ND.ཁག་ND. To conduct, to send (Cs.) CD. To give, send TC.སྐྲུ་སྐྲུ་LZ, CD (archaic), DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྐྲུས་ (see note)བསྐྲུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲུས་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཤིང་གི་ཡལ་ག་དང་གཞན་ལ་ཐབས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To wait (Sch.); to cut CD. To beg for food, to make a hole by digging or cutting; to hollow out DK. To cut; to deceive DS. 1. To beg. 2. (archaic) To deceive. 3. To cut into pieces TC.སྐྲུད་སྐྲུད་CD (archaic).To make another run away by devicesCD. Root given as skrudསྐྲུན་སྐྲུན་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲུནད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྐྲུན་ CD, DS, TC.བསྐྲུན་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲུནད་ TDཊཌཨཔཔེཨརསཏོ་ལིསཏསྐུནད་ཨས་ཐེ་ཨིམཔེརཨཏཨིབེ༹, ཨ་མིསཏཀཨེ་ཕོ༹ར་སྐྲུནད , LZ, ND, DK. སྐྲུན་ DS, TC. TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཉུ་གུ་སོག་[sic]TD.མཉུ་གུ་སོགས་LZ.དགེ་རྩ་བསཡེད་པ་ND. To produce CD. To establish, to build; to make DK. 1. To print a book. 2. To make, produce DS. To make, construct, build, invent, produce TC.སྐྲེས་སྐྲེས་(Gyurme 1992: 258). སྲེས་((Gyurme 1992: 258)).འདྲེས་(Gyurme 1992: 258). To mix (Gyurme 1992: 258). given as the primary spelling of སྲེ་སྐྲོག་སྐྲོག་LZ, CD, DS, TC.དཀྲོག་ND.བསྐྲོགས་LZ, DS, TC.སྐྲོགས་ND.བསྐྲོག་LZ, DS, TC.སྐྲོག་ND.སྐྲོགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).*[']-khrog-[s](Chang 1971: v.6).ཞོ་དང་ཌ་མ་རུ་སོགས་LZ.ཌར་མ་རུ་སོགས་ND. To beat (the drum); to churn; to stir (with a rod) CD. Another way to write དཀྲོག་DS. 1. To churn, stir. 2. To beat a drum TC.(Duff) suggests this verb is onomatopoetic སྐྲོག་2སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: iv.10)འདྲོག་(Chang 1971: iv.10). To rouse, to scare up (Chang iv.10). Root given as s-k-rog < s-'-rog < s-rog ? (Chang iv.10).སྐྲོད་སྐྲོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཏེའུ་དང་བགེགས་སོགས་LZ.ཕྱིར་ལ་ND. To expel, drive out, eject CD, DK. To drive away from a previous location DS. To expel, banish, drive out TC.སྐྲོབ་སྐྲོབ་LZ.བསྐྲབས་LZ.བསྐྲབ་LZ.སྐྲོབས་LZ.ཏི་ཀུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.སྐྲོལ་སྐྲོལ་DK.བསྐྲོལད་DK.བསྐྲོལ་DK.སྐྲོལད་DK.རོལ་ 'music' (?) NWH. To cause to make sound; to cause to stir up DK.བརྐམ་བརྐམ་LZ, TCgive as the present of རྐམ་བསྐལ་བསྐལ་DS, TC.བསྐལ་[DS], TC.བསྐལ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be cut off by a long distance or period of time DS. To be separated, cut off TC. Undoubtedly a generalization of the past of སྐེལད་ q.v. NWHབསྐོན་བསྐོན་(Chang 1971: vii.16).ཁོན་ or འཁོན་(Chang 1971: vii.16). To get caught, hung up (on a peg) (Chang 1971: vii.16). Hypothesized by Chang on colloquial data, see རྐོན་.
ཁ་ཁང་ཁང་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003) gives as a literary alternate of ཁེང་ཁུག་ཁུག་CD, DS, TC.འཁུགས་DK, (TC).ཁུག་DK. ཁུགས་DS, TC.འཁུག་ DK. ཁུག་DS, TC. ཁུགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC. DS, TC., (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགུགས་(Gyurme 1992: 259). To find, get, earn, draw CD. To calm down; to bend down; to fall asleep; to valued; to be worth DK. To be the price of (something) DS. 1. To turn into, to change, to become. 2. To get, to make, to find TC.ཁེགས་ཁེགས་CD. DS. ཁེག་ TC. འཁེགས་ (Beyer 1992: 113)ཁེགས་[DS], TC, (Beyer 1992: 113).ཁེགས་[DS].ཁེག་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོག་(Beyer 1992: 113). To obstruct, to close CD. For something to be unable to move because something else is stuffed inside (a pipe, hole &c.) DS. To be obstructed, to stop, to come to halt TC.ཁེང་འཁེང་CD.ཁེང་DK. TC. ཁེངས་ DS.ཁེངས་CD, DK, [DS], TC.ཁངས་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003).ཁེངས་DK, TC.ཁེངས་[DS].ཁེངས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགེང་(Beyer 1992: 113), (Duff) To be replete, to be full CD. To be full DK. To fill up the inside DS. To be full TC.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003) suggest that ཁངས་ is a literary variant of ཁེངས་. Compare also སྐོང་, གང་, and སྒང་.ཁེན་ཁེན་CD. DS, TC.ཁེན་ [DS]ཁེན་[DS].DS, (Skorupski 2001). To lean, to repose on. (erroneously for བཀཧན་པ་ [sic]) (Sch.) CD. To rest, rely on in order not to collapse DS. (dialect) To lean, to rest against TC.ཁེབས་འཁེབས་CD, DK. ཁེབས་DS, TC. ཁེབ་CD, DK.ཁེབས་[DS], TC.འཁེབ་DK. ཁེབས་[DS], TC.ཁེབས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.འགེབས་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). To cover; to spread over CD. To cover up; to spread over DK. To be able to cover, be able to arrange DS. To be covered TC.ཁེར་ཁེར་DS. ཁེར་[DS].ཁེར་[DS].DS. To make vertical, to extend DS.DS reports this as similar in meaning to ཀེར་ to which it is likely a mere orthographic variant of, reflecting an aspirate pronunciation. ཁོག་ཁོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259).འགོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259). To be taken out (Gyurme 1992: 259).ཁོམ་ཁོམ་CD, DS, TC. ཁོམ་ DKཁོམ་DK, [DS], TC.འཁོམ་ DK. ཁོམ་[DS], TC. ཁོམས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. to have leisure, time to do a thing. 2. to be enabled to do a thing by the absence of external impediments (Schtr.) CD. To have time; to be free; to be free from the worldly activities DK. To not have leisure, time DS. To have time for something TC.ཁོལ་ཁོལ་DS gives as the present of འཁོལ་ཁྱག་ཁྱག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱགས་ DK.ཁྱག་[DS], TC. ཁྱག་DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱགས་DK. ཁྱག་ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To undertake, to be surety for [sic] CD. To float on water; to become mentally unsettled or unsteady DK. To endure hardship, to be able to hold up DS. To endure, to be able to lift or hold up something TC.ཁྱབ་ཁྱབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱབ་LZ, DK, ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོབ་[Coblin 1986]གཏམ་ཙེགས་དང་ཡུལ་ལ་ LZ. To fill, penetrate, embrace; estimate, comprise CD. To cover up, to spread over DK. To spread, cover DS. To cover, to pervade, to include, to spread TC.ཁྱོག་ཁྱོག་TC. ཁྱོག་ TC.ཁྱོག་TC.ཨྀTC. TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be sustainable, to be borne, to be bearable TC. Compare འཁྱོག་.ཁྲུལ་ཁྲུལ་CD, DS. ཁྲུལ་[DS].ཁྲུལ་[DS].DS.: To let fall; to drop (several things at intervals) CD. To fall, drop individually DS.ཁྲེམས་ཁྲེམས་CD, TC. ཁྲེམས་TC.ཁྲེམས་TC.ཨྀTCTC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To water gardens and cultivation; to sprinkle water CD. To be absorbed TC.ཁྲེལ་ཁྲེལ་CD, DS, TC. ཁྲེལ་[DS], TC.ཁྲེལ་[DS].ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be ashamed; to provoke shame CD. To loose hope, to no longer desire DS. To be embarrassed (by the reproach of another), to be considerate TC.ཁྲོ་ཁྲོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲོ་CD.ཁྲོས་LZ, C D, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲོ་ ND.ཁྲོས་LZ, ND, DK, ཨྀ DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཁྲོ་ 'anger'NWHསྡང་དགྲ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ཁྲོ་བོར་ ND. To be angry CD. To get angry; to be filled with anger; to be indignant DK. To be angry, aggressive DS. To go angry, to become angry TC.མཁས་མཁས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཁས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.མཁས་KYN, LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁས་, LZ, DK, ཨྀ[KYN], TC.[KYN], TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་སྲིད་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To become wise; to become a scholar; cause to be learned DK. To be able, skilled, to have compassion DS. To be learned TC.KYNgives the imperative asམཁས་པར་གྱིས་ implying that there is no imperative. མཁོ་མཁོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. མཁོ་LZ, ND, DK, TC.མཁོ་LZ, DK, TC.མཁོ་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC. TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འདི་དང་ཕྱི་མ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To want CD. To necessitate; to become necessary; to be in need DK. To want, to need TC.མཁྱུད་མཁྱུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཁྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁྱུད་LZ, DK. TC. TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དོན་ནམ་དཔེ་སོགས་ LZ. To keep, to hold, to retain CD. To be secretive, to conceal one's knowledge with ill intention DK. (archaic) To hide (small religious instructions &c.) DS. To conceal, to hide TC.མཁྱེན་མཁྱེནད་LZ. མཁྱེན་ CD, DK, DS, TC. མཁྱེནད་LZ, DK.མཁྱེན་[DS], TC.མཁྱེན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁྱེནད་LZ. མཁྱེན་ DK, TC.TC.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hoshi 2003).DS, (Skorupski 2001). TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hackett 2003).དགོངས་ཡུལ་དུ་ LZ. To know CD. To know, to understand; to comprehend DK. To know, understand, examine DS. (honorific) To know, to comprehend TC. Root given as mkhyen < *mkhyan < mkhan (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15).མཁྲང་མཁྲང་ND. མཁྲངས་ND.མཁྲང་ND.ཨྀND.ND.བློ་ཤེད་སོགས་ND. hard, solid, compact (Jä) CD.མཁྲེག་མཁྲེག་ND. མཁྲེགས་ND.མཁྲེག་ND.ཨྀND.ND.སྲ་བའི་ ND. hard, firm (Jä) CD.མཁྲེན་མཁྲེན་ND. མཁྲེནད་ND.མཁྲེན་ND.ཨྀNDND.ཐུགས་ལ་ ND. འཁང་འཁང་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Denwood 1991: 136). འཁང་ND, འཁངས་ DK, DS, TC, (Denwood 1991: 136).འཁང་DK, DS, TC.འཁངས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To hurt at heart or offend, also to irritate CD. To be unsatisfied, to be discontented or hateful DK. To believe, to not be happy DS. To be resentful, to be spiteful, to bear ill will TC. To recriminate, complain, resist (Denwood 1991: 136)འཁམ་འཁམ་CD, DK. འཁམས་ TC. འཁམས་DK, TC.འཁམ་DK. འཁམས་ TC.འཁམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To sink or fall down senseless; to faint away; to swoon. 2. To take into one's mouth (Sch.) CD. To faint, to become unconscious TC.འཁར་འཁར་CD, DK, TC. འཁརད་DK. འཁར་ TC. འཁར་DK, TC.འཁརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To adhere, to stick to CD. To long for; to crave for, to be greedy; to be impeded DK. To adhere to, to stick to, to be caught on TC.འཁལ་འཁལ་LZ, CD, DK, (DS), TC. འཁེལ་ DS, (TC). བཀལད་LZ, DK. བཀལ་DS, TC.བཀལ་LZ, DK, TC. དགལ་ DS.ཁེལད་LZ. འཁལད་ DK. ཁོལ་ DS. འཁོལ་ TC. TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུད་པ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To spin. 2. (in West) To send; to forward things CD. To spin yard; to make thread DK. To spin wool, cotton, silk &c. into thread DS. To spin TC. Compare འཁེལ་འཁུ་འཁུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Denwood 1991: 136). འཁུས་LZ, DS, (Denwood 1991: 136). འཁུ་ ND, DK, TC.འཁུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁུ་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཞེ་གནག་གིས་ LZ. To offend, to vie with, contend (Jä) CD. To be unsatisfied; to hate DK. To bear thoughts of harm DS. 1. To contend with, to vie with, to harm. 2. (archaic) To oppose TC. To oppose, rebel (Denwood 1991: 136). perhaps to be linked with དཀུ་. འཁུགས་འཁུགས་DK, TC give as the present of ཁུག་.འཁུན་འཁུན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཁུནད་LZ. ཁུནད་ DK, འཁུན་ [DS], TC.འཁུན་LZ, [DS], TC. ཁུན་ DK. འཁུན་LZ. འཁུནད་ DK. ཨྀ TCTC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཁུར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་མནརད་ཏེ་ LZ. To pant, to whisper DK. For a sound to come from the throat because of illness DS. 1. To groan, to moan. 2. To be breathless. 3. To make a guttural sound like the cawing of a pigeon TC.འཁུམ་འཁུམ་CD, DK, ND, DS, TC. ཁུམས་CD.འཁུམ་ND འཁུམས་ DK, DS, TC.འཁུམ་DK, DS, TC.འཁུམས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུམ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116) To shrink CD. To contract, shrink; to be afraid of, to recoil DK. 1. To shrink in size. 2. To measure, be miserly DS. To shrink, contract TC.འཁུམས་འཁུམས་LZ, DK.འཁུམ་CD, ND, DS, TC. འཁུམས་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཁུམས་CD, DK.འཁུམ་ND འཁུམས་LZ.འཁུམ་DS, TC. ཁུམ་ DK.འཁུམས་LZ. ཁུམས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཚིག་དོན་སོགས་LZ. To comprehend CD. To comprehend, to hear DK, DS. To know, to have an idea of TC.འཁུར་འཁུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS. TC. བཀུར་CD (in West).ཁུརད་LZ. ཁུར་ DS, TC.བཀུརད་DK.ཁུར་LZ, འཁུར་ DS, TC. བཀུར་ DK.ཁུར་LZ, DS, TC. ཁུརད་ DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུར་(Gyurme 1992: 259).ཁྲེས་པོ་སོགས་ LZ. To carry; to fetch; in convey CD. To carry DK. To carry placed on a person's back or shoulders DS. To carry, to shoulder, to bear TC.འཁུལ་འཁུལ་CD, DK, TC. འཁུལད་DK.འཁུལ་(li yung khrang 1988).འཁུལ་DK, (li yung khrang 1988).འཁུལད་DK. ཨྀ (li yung khrang 1988).(li yung khrang 1988).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུལ་[Coblin 1986] 1. To subdue, to subject (Nag) (Cs.). 2. To be uneasy about CD. To subdue, to force TC.འཁུས་འཁུས་DK, TC. བཀུས་DK.བཀུ་DK.ཁུས་DK To extract juice from; to take out juice DK. (archaic) To conceal TC.འཁེང་འཁེང་ TC. འཁེངས་TC.འཁེང་TC.ཨྀTC. TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be frozen, to be congealed TC.འཁེབས་འཁེབས་CD, DK give as present to ཁེབས་འཁེལ་འཁེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. ཁེལ་CD. DS. འགེལ་ (CD).བཀལད་LZ, ND. ཁེལ་ CD, DK, [DS], TC.བཀལ་LZ1.དགལ་LZ2.འཁལ་ NDཎཌB སེཨེམས་ཏོ་རེཨད་འཁས་བུཏ་ཐིས་ཨིས་མོརཨེ་ལིཀཨེལཡཨ་མིསཏཀཨེ་ཐན་ཐེ་འཁལ་ཨོཕ༹ཎཌཱ འཁེལ་DK, TC.ཁེལ་[DS].ཁེལད་LZ1, DK ཁོལད་ LZ2, ND. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS. TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 313), (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 313). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགེལ་(Beyer 1992: 113).ཁྲལ་དང་ཆད་པ་སོགས་ LZ1. ཁལ་དང་གཟེར་ལུང་ལ་ LZ2. སྐུད་པ་སོགས་ ND. To put on, to pack on, to load ('khel) CD. 1. to load upon; = འཁེལ་བ་ (Jä), 2. reply upon; depend on (khel)CD. To be decided, to be confirmed; to strike, hit; to be on the way DK. 1. To strike (e.g. a target with arrow). 2. To decide on the meaning of a belief DS. 1. To be determined. 2. To make contact, to encounter, to coïncide with, to endure. 3. To trust TC.འཁོ་འཁོ་CD. འཁོས་(Zeisler 2004: 454).ཁོས་(Zeisler 2004: 454).དགོས་(see note). To wish, to want, to think useful, serviceable, necessary (Jä) CD. Compare ཁོས་པ་ 'wanted, wished for', compare also མཁོ་ 'to be desirable, necessary' མཁོས་ཕུབ་ 'fancy for something' (CD). དགོས་ 'to need' may perhaps be related as the future stem (Zeisler 2004: 454 n. 138).འཁོང་འཁོང་CD, DS, TC. འཁོང་[DS].འཁོང་[DS].DS. To draw in one's limbs; to sit in a cowering position, to squat; to hide one's self CD. 1. To be unsatisfiedly unhappy. 2. To remain with the body's limbs contracted. 3. (མདོ་སྨད་ dialect for སྒོང་1) To make into a ball (barley flower &c.) DS. (archaic) To be disheartened TC. Compare བཀོང་1 and འགོང་འཁོད་འཁོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁོད་LZ, [DS], TC. ཁོད་ DK. འཁོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁོད་LZ. ཁོད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. (Gyurme 1992: 247)[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོད་(Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)གདན་སོགས་ la LZ. To sit, to dwell, to live; to be set down CD. To be registered; to sit down on a throne; to be enthroned; to become a leader; to be in line DK. To stay in one's place DS. 1. To be placed, to be present, to be situated. 2. To be established, to be set down, to be recorded, to be labeled TC.(Uray 1972: 19) connects this verb with མཁོས་/ཁོས་/ཁོད་ 'institution, administration, settlement of the state' along with the verbs, སྐོ་ and འགོད་.འཁོན་1བཀོན་LZ, TC.འཁོན་ND, DK. བཀོནད་LZ, ND, DK.བཀོན་LZ, ND, DK.བཀོནད་LZ. ཀོནད་ND, ཁོནད་ DK.ND. (Skorupski 2001).འཁོན་2NWH.གནོད་པ་སོགས་LZ. ལོགས་ལ་ ND. To create enmity; to disturb a friendly relation or to cause disunion DK. To threaten, menace DS. (archaic) To bear a grudge, to harbor revenge TC.འཁོན་2འཁོན་LZ. DK, DS, TC. ཁོནད་LZ. ཁོན་ DK.འཁོན་[DS], TC.འཁོན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁོན་LZ. ཁོནད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོན་1NWH.གཞན་དང་ LZ. To bear a grudge or ill will against a person; to be dissatisfied with a thing; to be malicious, spiteful CD. To be revengeful, spiteful, hateful DK. 1. To bear enmity, hostility. 2. To be impeded, to be obstructed TC.(Chang 1971: vii.16) suggests based on colloquial data a verb *'khon which means 'to get caught, or hung up' see note at སྐོན་, and རྐོན་. འཁོབ་འཁོབས་CD. འཁོབ་ DS, TC. འཁོབས་DS. འཁོབ་ TC.འཁོབ་DS, TC.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be startled, agitated, alarmed (Jä) CD. To be stiff due to cold DS. To be stiff, rigid TC.འཁོམས་འཁོམས་DK gives as the present of ཁོམ་འཁོར་འཁོརད་LZ. འཁོར་ CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁོརད་LZ, DKའཁོར་[DS], TC.འཁོར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁོར་ LZ. འཁོརད་ DK. ཨྀ TC. TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོར་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ལས་ཉོན་གྱིས་འཁོར་བར་ LZ. 1. To turn round, circumambulate. 2. To be formed, perfected. CD. To rotate or turn round DK. 1. To turn at a hub. 2. To change direction. 3. To come, to gather DS. To revolve, to rotate, to spin, to go around, to elapse (of time) TC. Compare the noun སྒོར་མོ་ 'round, a circle, globe'.འཁོལ་1འཁོལ་CD, DK, TC. ཁོལ་ DS.ཁོལ་CD, DK, DS, TC.འཁོལ་DK, DS, TC.ཁོལད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff). (in Medicine) To boil CD. To be boiling, to feel anxiety or to be agitated, to be active in service, to be an obedient servant DK. For bubbles to arise from within a liquid which has arrived at a certain temperature DS. To boil, be boiled TC.འཁོལ་2འཁོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀོལད་LZ, DK.བཀོལ་CD, DS, TC.བཀོལ་LZ, DK, TC. དགོལ་ DS.ཁོལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཁོལད་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཡོག་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. 1. To make a person a slave; to bind as a servant, to cause to serve one. 2. To become insensible, to be asleep; to get benumbed in reference to the limbs (Sch.) CD. To use as a servant; to make somebody serve; to use DK. To use DS. To take into service, to assign someone, to use TC.འཁོལ་3བཀོལ་LZ, TC.འཁོལ་CD, ND, DK, DS. བཀོལད་LZ, ND, DK.བཀོལ་CD, DS, TC.བཀོལ་LZ, ND, DK, TC. དགོལ་ DS.བཀོལད་LZ. ཁོལ་CD, DS, TC. ཁོལད་ ND, DK.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལོགས་དང་ཟུར་དུ་LZ. ཟུར་དུ་ལས་འམ་ ND. To save; to spare; to enjoy with moderation (Cs.) CD. To isolate, to keep separately DK. To separate apart, put aside DS. To select, set aside, single out, separate TC.འཁྱག་འཁྱག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱགས་ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱགས་ (DS).འཁྱག་ND, DK, DS, TC.ཨྀND, DS, TC. འཁྱགས་ DK. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྲང་བའི་ ND. To freeze, coagulate, feel cold CD. To freeze or become very cold, to be chilled DK. To cool DS. To be cold, to freeze TC.འཁྱམ་འཁྱམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁྱམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཁྱམས་LZ. འཁྱམས་ DK. ཨྀ DS. འཁྱོམས་ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་བ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To rove, to wander CD. To wander; to ramble DK. To go here and there without a definite goal DS. To wander, to roam, to travel aimlessly TC.འཁྱར་འཁྱར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱརད་LZ. ཁྱར་ DK. འཁྱར་[DS], TC.འཁྱར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱར་LZ. ཁྱརད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་དུ་ LZ. To err, to go astray CD. To roam; to wander; to stray DK. To let out a secret DS. To be dislocated, to stray, to be dispersed, to be missing TC. Root given as 'khyar < 'khor 'turn' (?) (Beyer 1992: 83).འཁྱལ་1འཁྱལ་LZ, DK. བཀྱལད་LZ, DK.བཀྱལ་LZ, DK.ཀྱལད་LZ. འཁྱལད་ DK.དོན་མེད་པའི་ངག་སོགས་ LZ. To talk nonsense, to gossip or drivel DK.འཁྱལ་2འཁྱལད་DK. འཁྱལ་ DS, TC. ཁྱལ་DK. འཁྱལ་ [DS], TC.འཁྱལ་DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To gossip; to converse meaninglessly DK. 1. For earlier and later words to not be connected, for earlier and later to not be connected. 2. To move away from an earlier position DS. To lapse, to lose control, to go astray TC. Compare the nouns རྐྱལ་ཀ་, and ཀྱལ་ཀ་ 'a joke, jest, trick'.འཁྱིག་1འཁྱིག་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱིགས་ LZ, (CD). བཀྱིགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀྱིག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྱིགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. འཁྱིགས་ DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐང་ལག་སོགས་ LZ. ཐག་པས་ ND. To bind, to take prisoner; (in Central Tibet) to strangle, suffocate CD. To bind; to fasten or tie; to truss up DK. To restrain men, livestock &c. with a rope DS. To tie, bind TC.འཁྱིག་2འཁྱིག་DS. འཁྱིགས་DS.འཁྱིག་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To tightly bind DS.འཁྱིགས་འཁྱིགས་(Jä). To comprise, encompass (Jä).འཁྱིད་འཁྱིད་CD (archaic). To turn, roll (one's eyes); to draw out; strain; to roll, revolve CD.འཁྱིམས་འཁྱིམས་LZ, CD, DS. འཁྱིམས་LZ, [DS].འཁྱིམས་LZ, [DS].འཁྱིམས་ LZ.DS.ཉི་ཟླ་སོགས་ LZ. To be encircled with a halo, like the sun and moon CD. To seep out from DS. Compare འགྱིམ་པ་ 'circumference'.འཁྱིར་འཁྱིར་CD, DS, TC. འཁྱིརད་ DK. ཁྱིར་DK. འཁྱིར་ [DS] TC.འཁྱིར་DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱིར་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To turn around CD. To wind round; to move in a circle; to circle DK. To rotate a parasol DS. To rotate, spin TC.འཁྱིལ་འཁྱིལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱིལད་ DK. འཁྱིལད་LZ. ཁྱིལ་ DK. འཁྱིལ་[DS], TC.འཁྱིལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱིལ་LZ. ཁྱིལད་ DK. -- TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱིལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).དགྱིབས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To wind; to twist; to whirl around CD. To be collected or to be stored; to accumulate DK. 1. To be bent like the pattern of a conch shell. 2. For liquids (water &c.) to gather DS. 1. To be absorbed. 2. To whirl around, to twist, to coil up, to curl up, to spiral TC.འཁྱུ་འཁྱུ་CD gives as the present to འཁྱུས་འཁྱུག་འཁྱུག་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱུགས་ DK. འཁྱུག་LZ. ཁྱུག་ CD, DK. འཁྱུགས་ DS, TC.འཁྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁྱུག་LZ. ཁྱུགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གློག་དང་ཉ་ཆུང་སོགས་ LZ. To run, move swiftly CD. To move swiftly, to flash DK. To move swiftly, to flash TC. འཁྱུད་འཁྱུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱུད་LZ, ND, [DS], TC. ཁྱུད་ DK.འཁྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱུད་LZ, TC. ཁྱུད་ DK. ND.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. 1. To embrace. 2. To glide in or into. 3. To be able CD. To embrace or hug; to encompass; to coil up; to surround or to encircle; to have great faith or interest in some one or some thing DK. 1. Tug, to embrace. 2. To engage in sexual intercourse TC.འཁྱུར་འཁྱུར་CD, TC. འཁྱུརད་ DK.ཁྱུར་DK. འཁྱུར་ TC.འཁྱུར་DK, TC.ཁྱུརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱུར་ [CD].(Beyer 1992: 116). 1. To be separated, divorced (Cs.); to stop; to put an end to. 2. To be deserted (Jä) CD. To be transferred DK To be transferred, to be assigned TC.འཁྱུས་འཁྱུ་CD. འཁྱུས་ ND, DK, DS (archaic), TC. འཁྱུས་CD, ND, TC. ཁྱུས་ DK.འཁྱུ་ DK. འཁྱུས་ TC.ཁྱུས་DK.ཨྀTK.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྱུ་NWH. To run away CD, DK. (an archaic equivalent of 'bros) To flee DS. To run away, to flee TC.ND lists another verb འཁྱུས་, དཀྱུས་, དཀྱུ་, དཀྱུས་ with Characteristic Example བྲོས་པའི་ which is clearly a confusion between this verb and དཀྱུ་, compare དཀྱུ་.འཁྱེག་འཁྱེག་ND. བཀྱེག་ND.འགྱེག་ND.ཁྱོག་ND.ཡར་ལ་ ND.འཁྱེད་འཁྱེད་CD.ཁྱེད་(Beyer 1992: 113).འགྱེད་(Beyer 1992: 113) 1. To be sufficient, to suffice, to be enough; to hold out. 2. (Central Dialect) To gain (a lawsuit); to be acquitted (Jä) CD.འཁྱེར་འཁྱེར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱེརད་ LZ, ND, DK. ཁྱེར་ DS, TC.ཁྱེར་LZ, DK. འཁྱེར་ ND, DS, TC.ཁྱེར་LZ, DS, TC. ཁྱེརད་ND. འཁྱེརད་ DK.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). (Hackett 2003).རྫས་སོགས་གཞན་དུ་LZ. ལག་ཏུ་ ND. To carry away, to take away CD. To carry, to take away, to bring DK. To carry, to take away TC.འཁྱེལ་འཁྱེལ་CD. (in Ladakh) To hit, to strike CD.འཁྱོག་འཁྱོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱོག་CD. འཁྱོག་ ND. འཁྱོགས་ DK, DS, TC.འཁྱོག་DK, DS, TC.ཁྱོག་CD. འཁྱོགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.CD. DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To lift; lift up. 2. To carry, to bring CD. To be crooked; to become crooked, to twist DK. To be bent, to be crooked, to sway, to curve TC.འཁྱོང་འཁྱོང་LZ, CD, TC. འཁྱོངས་ CD, DK, DS. འཁྱོངས་LZ, [DS], TC. ཁྱོང་ DK.འཁྱོང་LZ, DK, TC. འཁྱོངས་ [DS].ཁྱོངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཉིན་དངཨག་ཐུན་སོགས་LZ. 1. To observe. 2. (in Ladakh) To bring (Jä), (Ramsay) CD. 1. To continue without interruption. 2. To arrive at a good or complete [state]. 3. To be able. 4. To enunciate, use good diction DS. To continue, to conclude TC.འཁྱོམ་འཁྱོམ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱོམས་LZ, DS, TC.འཁྱོམ་LZ, DS, TC.ཁྱོམས་LZ. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོམ་(Chang 1971: v .4), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116)Beyer incorrectly gives འཁྱོ་ [sic] 'reel, stagger' for 'khyom, with causative སྐྱོམ་ 'shake, agitate' (Beyer 1992: 116)., (Duff).ས་དང་སེམས་སོགས་LZ. (in Central Tibet) To reel, stagger CD. To be aroused, to be agitated, to be disturbed. 2. To sway, to roll, to rock TC.འཁྱོར་འཁྱོར་CD, DS, TC. འཁྱོར་[DS], TC.འཁྱོར་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be unsteady; to miss, fail, not to hit (Cs.); to reel, stager from intoxication CD. To be unsteady, to stagger, to totter TC. Root given as 'khyor < 'khor 'turn' (Beyer 1992: 83)འཁྱོལ་འཁྱོལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱོལད་ DK. འཁྱོལད་LZ. ཁྱོལ་ DK. འཁྱོལ་ [DS], TC.འཁྱོལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱོལད་LZ. ཁྱོལད་ (LZ), DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཉམས་ལེན་སོགས་ཚད་དུ་LZ. To be carried, to be bought CD. To reach one's destination; to complete one's life DK. To be concluded, to be finished, to reach a goal TC. CD suggests comparison with སྐྱེལ་འཁྲ་འཁྲ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲས་LZ, CD (probably), DK, DS, TC.འཁྲ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲས་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྟེན་གནས་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To lean to; to incline toward (Cs.) CD. To crave for; to be impeded DK. (archaic) To be attached, to stay in one place, to depend on TC.འཁྲབ་1འཁྲབ་CD, DK, DS. བཀྲབ་CD.སྐྲབ་ CD. བཀྲབས་ DK. DS.བཀྲབ་DK, (DS). དཀྲབ་ DS.འཁྲབས་DK. ཁྲོབས་ DS.DS.DS.སྐྲབ་NWH.འཁྲབ་མ་'flail, fan' NWH. 1. To strike; to beat (in regular, strokes as in swimming and rowing). 2. To winnow, to fan. 3. To blink, twinkle, wink with the eyes. 4. To jest, joke. 5. To leap, jump. 6. To scoop out; to bail out CD. To select; to move legs, eyes etc. to dance DK. To thresh or winnow chaff from grain with a flail or fan DS.འཁྲབ་2འཁྲབ་LZ, DS, TC. འཁྲབས་LZ, TC. འཁྲབ་ [DS].འཁྲབ་LZ, [DS], TC.ཁྲོབས་LZ. འཁྲོབས་ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 339), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 339), (Hackett 2003).སྐྲབ་NWH.བྲོ་གར་སོགས་LZ. To dance DS. To perform, to stage, to beat, to stamp TC. འཁྲི་འཁྲི་CD, ND, DS, TC. འཁྲིས་CD, DS, TC. འཁྲི་ ND.འཁྲི་DS, TC.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲི་[CD] (Chang 1971: v.6) (Duff). To wind, compress; entangle, hold fast CD. To be responsible, to be tied down by responsibilities TC.འཁྲིག་འཁྲིག་LZ, ND, CD, DK. འཁྲིགས་ DS, TC. འཁྲིགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. འཁྲིག་ LZ, ND.འཁྲིག་LZ, DK. འཁྲིགས་ [DS], TC.ཁྲིགས་LZ. འཁྲིག་ LZ. འཁྲིགས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲིག་(Duff).འགྲིག་(Beyer 1992: 112).ཁུག་རྣ་དང་སྤྲིན་སོགས་ LZ. འདོད་པས་ LZ. To cohere; to stick together, become thick CD. To become overcast, to be piled up DK. To thicken, to become dense, to gather TC.འཁྲིད་1བཀྲི་LZ, CD (archaic), TC.འཁྲིད་CD, ND, DK, DS. བཀྲིས་LZ, CD, DK, (DS), TC. བཀྲི་CD.བཀྲིད་ND.བཀྲི་LZ, ND, DK, (DS), TC.ཁྲིད་ND, DK, DS. བཀྲིས་ LZ, (DS), TC.ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྲི་NWH.ཐར་ལམ་དང་གཞན་སོགས་སུ་LZ. གནས་སུ་ND. To lead; to conduct; bring to a place, especially used with in connection with animals and children, also of leading and army ('khrid)CD. To draw, to try, to acquire, to search for (bkri) CD. To lead; to bring to a place; to take; to guide from the worldly misery DK. 1. To lead on a path. 2. To teach, instruct. 3. To lead, turn someone to go in a particular direction (DS). To guide, lead TC.འཁྲིད་2འཁྲིད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྲིད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲིད་LZ, DK. འཁྲིད་ DS, TC.ཁྲིད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hackett 2003).གནས་དང་དཔེ་ཆ་སོགས་LZ.To lead; to conduct; bring to a place, especially used with in connection with animals and children, also of leading and army CD. To explain a book; to teach in detail DK.1. To lead on a path. 2. To teach, instruct. 3. To lead, turn someone to go in a particular direction DS. 1. To lead, to draw, to take, to guide, to bring, to conduct. 2. To instruct, to teach TC.འཁྲིམས་འཁྲིམས་DS. འཁྲིམས་[DS].འཁྲིམས་[DS].DS. To be cowardly, terror having arisen DS.འཁྲིལ་འཁྲིལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྲིལད་ DK. ཁྲིལ་ (DS).འཁྲིལད་LZ. ཁྲིལ་ DK, [(DS)]. འཁྲིལ་ [DS], TC.འཁྲིལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཁྲིལ་ [(DS)].འཁྲིལ་LZ. ཁྲིལད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲི་(Chang 1971: v.6). སྒྲིལ་ NWH.ལུས་དང་ཤིང་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To wind, coil round, to clasp round CD. To embrace; to hug; to coil up DK. To coil, wind around TC.འཁྲིས་འཁྲིས་LZ. འཁྲིས་LZ.འཁྲིས་LZ. འཁྲིས་LZ.འདོད་ཡོན་སོགས་ལ་LZ.འཁྲུ་འཁྲུ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྲུས་ DK. འཁྲུས་ DS, TC.འཁྲུ་DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུས་ DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲུད་NWH. To wash, to bathe CD. To become clean; to be washed DK. To have diarrhea TC.འཁྲུག་འཁྲུག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲུག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུག་ND, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུགས་ND, DK. ཨྀND, DS, TC.ND. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲུག་[CD], (Chang 1971: v. 6), (Gyurme 1992: 258), (Duff).དམག་སོགས་ND. དམག་ND. To be in commotion, to be disturbed CD. To fight; to quarrel; to disturb or to be in disorder; to be confused DK. 1. To be disturbed, to be agitated. 2. To fight, to quarrel TC.འཁྲུང་འཁྲུང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲུངས་ CD. འཁྲུངས་DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུང་DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུང་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) 1. To be born to. 2. To arise, come from. 3. To come up, shoot, sprout, grow (Jä) CD. To be born DK. (honorific) To be born TC.འཁྲུད་འཁྲུ་LZ, (TC).འཁྲུད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུས་CD.བཀྲུ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲུ་(Zeilser 2004: 348).ཁྲུས་LZ, ND, DK DS TC.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hackett 2003).འཁྲུ་NWH.སྒྲུབ་ཆུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZTo wash, to cleanse, to bathe CD. To wash; to cleanse; to take a bath DK. To wash TC.འཁྲུལ་འཁྲུལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲུལད་DK. འཁྲུལ་[DS], TC.འཁྲུལ་DK, [DS], TC.འཁྲུལད་DK. ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲུལ་(Beyer 1992: 112). To be insane or deranged CD. To be mistaken, to be confused DK. To be mistaken, to err, to be bewildered, to be deranged, to hallucinate TC.འཁྲེན་འཁྲེན་LZ, CD. འཁྲེནད་DK. འཁྲེནད་LZ. ཁྲེན་ DK.འཁྲེན་LZ, DK.ཁྲེནད་LZ, DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཁྱིམ་སོགས་ལ་LZ. 1. To wish, to long for. 2. To look upon with envy, jealousy (Jä) CD. To long for; to crave for; to be greedy DK.འཁྲེབ་འཁྲེབ་DS, TC. འཁྲེབ་[DS]. འཁྲེབས་TC.འཁྲེབ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).To squint?? mig rdeb DS.To be stubborn TC.འཁྲེལ་འཁྲེལད་DK. ཁྲེལ་DK.འཁྲེལ་DK.ཁྲེལད་DK. To hate, dislike; to be hesitant DK.འཁྲོ་འཁྲོ་CD. gives as the present to ཁྲོ་.འཁྲོག་འཁྲོག་TC. འཁྲོགས་TC.འཁྲོག་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲོག་(Chang 1971: v.6), (Gyurme 1992: 258), [Duff].སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: v.6) To dislocate a joint. 2. To have a rumbling stomach, to have borborygmus. 3. To be hard of hearing TC.(Chang 1971: v.6) suggests a verb *[']-khrog-[s] with the definition 'to get churned'. (Gyurme 1992: 158) gives the definition 'to be agitated'.འཁྲོལ་1འཁྲོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DS. དཀྲོལ་LZ, DK, TC.བཀྲོལད་LZ. དཀྲོལད་LZ, ND, DK. དཀྲོལ་CD, DS, TC. བཀྲོལ་(DS)དཀྲོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲོལད་LZ. ཁྲོལ་CD, DS. དཀྲོལད་ND, DK. དཀྲོལ་TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲོལ2 (Duff).རོལ་མོ་སོགས་(dkrol)LZ. སིལ་རྙན་བོན་རྣ་སོགས་('khrol)LZ.རོལ་མ་སོགས་ND. To cause to sound; make a noise; play CD. 3 To sound; to play musical instruments DK. To draw out sound from a music instrument DS. To play a musical instrument TCའཁྲོལ་2འཁྲོལ་DK, TC. འཁྲོལད་DK. འཁྲོལ་TC.འཁྲོལ་DK, TC.འཁྲོལད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.འཁྲོལ་1 (Duff) To sound DK. To play a musical instrument TC.འཁྲོལ་3འཁྲོལ་TC (Bielmeier 1988: 20)འཁྲོལ་TC.ཁྲོལ་(Bielmeier 1988: 20)འཁྲོལ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.(Bielmeier 1988: 20)[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྲོལ་(Bielmeier 1988: 20).To unravel, decipher, to be given permission, consent TC (Duff). To untie something (Bielmeier 1988: 20).
ག་གང་གང་CD, DS, TC. འགང་DK.གང་DK, [DS], TC.གང་[DS], TC.འགང་DK.གང་DKཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Inst.] (Hackett 2003).འགེང་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).སྒང་NWH. To fill, to make fill CD. To be full; to become full DK. To pervade the parts, to reach the amount DS. To be full, to become full TC. Compare ཁེང་, and སྐོང་.གབ་གབ་CD, DS, TC. འགབས་ DK.གབ་DK, [DS], TC.འགབ་ DK. གབ་[DS], TC. གབས་ DKགོབ་TC. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགེབས་(Chang 1971: vii.16-17), (Gyurme 1992: 259). To hide, to conceal one's self CD. To hide; to conceal one's self DK. To hide DS. To hide oneself, to conceal oneself TC.གལ་གལ་CD, DK. གལད་DK.གལ་DK.གལད་DK. To force, to press something on a person CD. To be liable for; to be subject to a tax DK.གས་གས་ [CD], DS, TC. གས་[DS].གས་[DS].DS, TC.འགས1 TC. To split, to crack, to burst apart [CD]. (for a substance) To fracture DS. To break, split TC. to be identified with འགས་2གུག་གུག་LZ, CD, TC. འགུག་DK.བཀུག་LZ.གུག་DK, TC.བཀུག་LZ.གུག་DK, TC.གུག་LZ.འགུགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཤིང་སོགས་LZ. 1. To stoop, bend, to bow down. 2. (In West) to rub or scratch gently; to tickle CD. To bend toward, to bend down DK. To bend down, to stoop down, to be bent, to b3e crooked, to bow down TC. related to དགུ་(Duff) also compare འགུགས་.གུད་གུད་TC. གུད་TC.གུད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To decline, to fade TC.གུས་གུས་DK, TC. གུས་DK, TC.གུས་DK, TC.གུས་DK, TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To respect; to show respect DK. To be respectful, to bow down, to salute TC.གོ་གོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བགོས་LZ. གོ་DK, [DS], TC.བགོ་LZ. གོ་DK, [DS], TC.གོས་LZ. གོ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Gyurme 1992: 252), [Goldstein 1991: 127], (Hoshi 2003).DS, (Gyurme 1992: 252), [Goldstein 1991: 127].TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཉན་(Duff)ཆོས་གོས་སོགས་ལུས་པ་LZ. To understand, to perceive mentally CD. To hear; to comprehend or understand; to perceive DK. 1. To understand. 2. To hear DS. 1. To understand. 2. To hear TC.གོག་གོག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀོག་LZ གོག་ DK, [DS], TC.དགོག་LZ. གོག་DK, [DS], TC.གོག་DK.ཨྀTC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོག2 (Chang 1971: vii.17)ཤིང་ཤུན་སོགས་LZ. 1. To crawl. 2. To crumble off; to scale off CD. To become older and older; to age; to decay; to crawl DK. To crawl with four limbs on the ground DS. To crawl TC.གོད་གོད་LZ, CD, TC. གོད་LZ, DK.གོད་LZ, TC.གོད་LZ. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱུན་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. To suffer loss CD. To be squandered, to be diminished TC.གོན་གོན་CD, DK, DS. གོནད་DK. གོན་[DS].གོན་DK, [DS].གོནད་DK.(Hoshi 2003). DS.གཡོག་(Chang vii.16, see note at skon). སྐོན་ (Chang vii.16, see note at skon), (Gyurme 1992: 259). To put clothes on CD. To put on; to wear DK. To wear shoes etc DS. a variant of གྱོན་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Hoshi 2003). See note at སྐོན་.གོམ་གོམ་LZ gives as the present of འགོམ་. གོམས་གོམས་DK, DS, TC. གོམས་DK, [DS], TC.གོམས་DK, [DS], TC.གོམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒོམ་[Duff] To be accustomed to, used to DK. To become familiar with, used to DS. To become accustomed to, to become familiar with TC.གོལ་འགོལ་CD.འགོལད་DK.གོལ་DS (archaic), TC. གོལ་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འགོལ་DK. གོལ་[DS], TC.གོལད་DK.ཨྀTC.TC.CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To part, separate. 2. To deviate, err, go astray CD. To go to an isolated place DK. (archaic) To err, go wrong DS. To mistake, to go astray, to miss TC. Root given as T 'gol ba , OT dgol pha (<*dgold, as indicated by the use of the suffix pha) (Coblin 1986).གོས་གོས་DS. གོས་[DS].གོས་[DS].DS. For one thing to stick on another thingDS.གྱར་གྱར་ TC. གྱར་TC.གྱར་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To encounter, to fall into (a state). 2. To go astray, to wander. 3. To be dispersed, to get lost TC.གྱེད་གྱེད་DS. གྱེད་[DS].གྱེད་[DS].DS. To open a gap DS.གྱེར་དགྱེར་CD, DK. གྱེར་DS, TC. གྱེར་CD, [DS], TC.བགྱེརད་DK.གྱེར་[DS], TC.བགྱེར་DK.གྱེར་TC.བགྱེརད་DK.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To sing, chant (gyer) [CD]. To sing, chant (an expression of the Bon-po) (dgyer) CD. To put in tune, to chant DK.To recite with a certain intonation DS. To sing, chant, to hum a tune TC.གྱེས་གྱེས་CD. To analyze, to split asunder CD. elsewhere CD refers gyes to འགྱེས་. གྱོན་གྱོན་CD, DS, TC. གྱོན་[DS], TC.གྱོན་[DS], TC.གྱོན་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོན་(Gyurme 1992: 259), སྐྱོན་NWH. To put on; to dress; to wear CD. To cover the body with a hat &c. DS. To wear, to put on TC. Root given as gyon < gon (Beyer 1992: 83). Not to be differntiate from གོན་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 259).གྱོལ་གྱོལ་DS. གྱོལ་[DS].གྱོལ་[DS].DS. To have difficulty walking because of a problem with the feet (for either men or livestock) DS.གྲག་གྲག་CD, DK, DS, TC.གྲགས་CD, DS.གྲག་DK, TC. གྲག་DK, DS, TC.གྲག་DKཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To sound forth; to utter a cry or sound, of men, animals, thunder, &c.; to shout [CD]. To repeat a statement without agreeing with it DK. 1. To make a noise, sound. 2. To speak. 3. To hear, understand (a name, some news &c.) DS. 1. To resound, to emit sound, (preceded by ཁ་) to speak. 2. To hear TC. Compare གྲགས་1 and སྒྲོག་.གྲགས་1འགྲགས་CD.གྲགས་DK, TC. གྲགས་CD, DK, TC.གྲགས་DK, TC.གྲགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). To be famous; to be called CD. To become well known, to be famous DK. To be well known TC. Compare གྲག་.གྲགས་2གྲགས་CD. འགྲགས་CD. To bind, fasten up a load (Jä) CD.གྲང་1གྲང་DS. གྲང་[DS].གྲང་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS. For the body to experience getting cold DS.གྲང་2གྲང་(Gyurme 1992: 150-152), (Hahn 1994: §4, 126-8), (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). (rare, main verb is negated) Its main function is to express a certain necessity (Hahn 1994: §4, 126-8). Introduces a question which anticipates a negative response (Gyurme 1992: 150-152). 1. To be suitable, allowed. 2. (archaic) A question word similar to gam, ngam, &c. (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). Compare ཀྲང་གྲངས་གྲངས་LZ. gives as the present of བགྲང་གྲབས་གྲབས་LZ. གྲབས་LZ.གྲབས་LZ. གྲབས་LZ.འགྲོ་ཆས་སོགས་LZ.1. (verb + གྲབས་) about to do the verbal action. 2. (transitive verb. + གྲབས་ + བྱེད་) to make preparations (Goldstein 2001).གྲམ་གྲམ་[CD], DS, TC.གྲམ་[DS], TC.གྲམ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲེམས་(Gyurme 1992: 258] (Duff). 1. To spread (as of grain, for drying). 2. To put or lay down in order (beams, &c.); to spread out; to display; to scatter; to draw (a curtain) [CD].To cover, pervade, arrive DS. To be covered, to be strewn, to be scattered TC. Compare འགྲམས་གྲས་གྲས་CD. དྲས་ CD. To bind CD.གྲིམ་གྲིམ་CD, DS, TC. འགྲིམ་(Gyurme 1992: 259).གྲིམས་ DS.གྲིམ་ TC. གྲིམ་DS, TC.ཨྀTC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲིམ་(Duff). (Gyurme 1992: 259). To hasten; to hurry (Sch.) CD. To be wound tighter (of thread, rope &c.) DS. To become tight, to be tightened TC.གྲུག་གྲུག་CD, DS, TC. གྲུག་[DS]. གྲུགས་TC.གྲུག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To break into small pieces, to crumble, to bruise CD. 1. To break into small pieces. 2. For men's skin to become course because of cold DS. 1. To be chipped, to be broken, to be bruised. 2. To be chapped, cracked TC.གྲུངས་གྲུངས་LZ. gives as the present to bgrung.གྲུམ་གྲུམ་DS gives as the present of འགྲུམ་གྲུམས་གྲུམས་TC. gives as the present of འགྲུམ་.གྲུས་གྲུས་LZ. gives as the present of བགྲུད་གྲོན་གྲོན་DS. གྲོན་[DS].གྲོན་[DS].DS. To waste, spoil DS.གྲོལ་གྲོལ་LZ, DS, TC. འགྲོལ་CD, (Bielmeier 1988: 20). འགྲོལད་DK.གྲོལད་LZ.གྲོལ་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲོལ་DK.གྲོལ་[DS], TC.གྲོལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 287), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Bielmeier 1988: 20). [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 287).འགྲོལ་(Chang 1971: vii.18), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).སྒྲོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259) [Duff], འཁྲོལ་3 (Bielmeier 1988: 20)སྡུག་བསྔལ་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To escape, be liberated, be released from CD. To be free from suffering; to become free; to be liberated DK. 1. For a knot or binding to come undone. 2. To individually separate, come to an end. 3. To become free DS. To adjourn, to close down, to break up, to uncoil. 2. To be free, to be liberated TC. To get untied (Bielmeier 1988: 20).གླ་གླ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. གླས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླས་LZ, DK, DS. གློས་TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཁལ་རྟ་སོགས་བརྔན་པས་LZ. To hire; to rent DK. 1. To exploit. 2. To hire. 3. To rent DS. To hire, to rent TC.གླན་གླན་LZ, CD, DK. གློན་CD, DS, TC. བླན་ (Goldstein 2001).གླནད་LZ, DK. གླན་ DS, TC.གླན་LZ, DK, TC. གློན་ DS.གླན་LZ. གླནད་ DK. གློན་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.གླིང་བུ་དང་ལྷན་པ་སོགས་LZ. To patch up; to mend. 2. To return. 3. (colloquial for གླེན་) To speak (གླན་) CD. To return an answer; to reply. 2. To patch, mend (གློན་) CD. To answer, to patch DK. 1. To join, place, contact, one thing on another thing. 2. To send a reply, to harm in return for a reply which harms DS. 1. To patch, mend. 2. To return a favor, to respond to, to reciprocate. 3. (archaic) To love, crave, desire TC.(Beyer 1992: 110) suggests a connection to the noun ལན་ 'answer'.གླལ་གླལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཀླལ་ CD, (DS).གླལད་DK.གླལ་[DS], TC.གླལ་DK, [DS], TC.གླལད་DK. ཨྀཨྀཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To yawn or gasp CD. To display emotion through physical posture; to open [the] mouth; to yawn DK. 1. To yawn. 2. To stretch out TC. Compare the verb གྀཡལ་ 'to yawn'.གླས་གླས་TC. (archaic) to move house TC.གླེང་གླེང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གླེངས་CD.གླེངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླེང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླེངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.LZ, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གཏམ་གཞི་སོགས་LZ. To say, converse, relate, describe CD. To talk, say, mention DK. གླེབ་གླེབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གླེབས་CD.གླེབས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.གླེབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླེབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.རྐང་པས་LZ. To make flat, plain (Cs.) (གླེབ་)CD. To trample; to tread down; to press down by the feet (གླེབས་) CD. To press down; to tread on DK. To press down, make flat DS. To flatten, press TC.གླེམ་གླེམ་CD, DK. གླེམས་DK.གླེམ་DK.གླེམས་DK To press, squeeze; to crush, squash (Jä.) CD. To squash, squeeze; to press, crush DK.གློང་གློང་DS. གློངས་DS.གློང་DS.གློངས་DSDS.DS. To scower DS.གློད་གློད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གློད་LZ, DK, TC.གློད་LZ, DK, TC.གློད་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.བཅུར་སེམས་སོགས་LZ. To relax, loosen; to release; to set free DK. To release, to set free, to let go, to let loose TC.གློན་གློན་CD, DS, TC. give as the present of གླན་དགའ་དགའ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགའ་ND, DK, [DS], TC.དགའ་DK, [DS]. TC.ཨྀND, TC. དགའ་DK.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To rejoice CD. To be happy, please; to be delighted DK. To become happy DS. To be glad, to be pleased, to be happy, take delight TC. Related by ablaut to མགུ་(Simon 1971: 474).དགར་དགར་LZ, CD, DK, (DS) TC. དགོར་ND. འགེར་ DS.བཀརད་LZ, ND.བཀར་DK, DS, TC.དགར་LZ, NDཎཌB ཨཔཔེཨརསཏོ་ཧབེ༹་དགའ་བུཏ་ཐིས་སེཨེམས་ཨུནལིཀཨེལཡ , DK, (DS), TC. བཀར་ DS.དགརད་LZ, DK.དཀོརད་ND. ཁོར་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མང་པོ་ལས་LZ.ལོགས་སུའ྄ཨ྄ཱ ཟུར་དུ་ND. To separate; confine; place apart (men, cattle, goods) CD. To segregate; to cross examine; to separate; to isolate DK. 1. To separate. 2. To erect a tent with a poles. 3. To put under lamp light DS. 1. To set aside, to separate, to isolate, to quarantine, (usually following ལོགས་སུ་). 2. To erect, pitch a tent with a pole TC.དགས་དགས་CD, DK. འགེས་ CD. འགས་ DS. བཀས་CD, DK, DS.དགས་CD, DK, DS.དགས་DK. ཁོས་ CD, DS.CD, DS.DS.འགས2 [Chang 1971: vii.17] To crack; to split; to cleave (in two) (dgas) CD. To split, cleave, divide ('ges)CD. To crack; to split; to cut into halves or pieces DK. To split, break apart wood &c. with a knife or axe DS.དགུ་དགུ་CD, DK, TC. དགུ་DK, TC.དགུ་DK, TC.དགུ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To bend; to make crooked CD. To bend down, to become crooked DK. To bend down, to stoop down TC. Related to གུག་[Duff].དགེ་དགེ་ND. དགེ་ND.དགེས་དགེས་CD, DK. དགེས་DK.དགེས་DK.དགེས་DK. Delighted, pleased, cheered CD. To be delighted; to rejoice DK. perhaps related to དགྱེས་?དགོག་དགོག་LZ gives as the present of འགོག་2.དགོགས་1དགོགས་DK givess as the present of འགོག་2དགོགས་2དགོགས་DK. གོགས་DK.དགོག་DK.གོགས་DK. To cough DK.དགོངས་དགོངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགོངས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.དགོངས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དགོངས་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཐུགས་ལ་LZ. 1. To think, to reflect, to contemplate, to consider. 2. (usually with terminative of the infinitive) To purpose, intend CD. To think, to reflect, to contemplate, to consider DK. (honorific) To think, remember DS. (honorific) To think, intend TC.དགོད་1དགོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒོད་ CD, DK, (DS), (TC). བགད་LZ, [CD], ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒད་ [CD], (DS).རྒོད་DK.བགད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒོད་ DK.དགོད་LZ, ND, DK DS, TC. རྒོད་ DK, (DS).ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གད་མོ་ 'laughter'NWH.གད་མོ་སོགས་ LZ. གད་མོ་ ND. To laugh (dgod) CD. 1. To laugh. 2. To grow weak, languid, indolent (rgod) CD. To make laugh or smile (dgod) DK. To focus; to become mentally excited (rgod) DK. To make a sound of joy, and manifest a delighted mind DS. To laugh TC. དགོད་2དགོད་LZ. gives as the present of འགོད་དགོར་དགོར་ND. gives as the present of དགར་དགོས་1དགོས་CD, DK, TC. དགོས་DK, TC.དགོས་DK, TC.དགོས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hackett 2003). Implies necessity and what is due or desired; to be necessary, to want CD. To want; to be necessary DK. To need, require TC.དགོས་2DS. (an auxiliary verb when attached to the end of another verb) To encourage, exort to do DS.དགྱེ་དགྱེ་CD, DK, DS, TC. གྱེ་DK. དགྱེ་[DS], TC.དགྱེ་DK, [DS], TC.དགྱེ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To bend; to be curving or crooked CD. To straighten DK. To bend backwards or straighten the body DS. To bend backwards, to lean backwards TC. Compare དགྱེད་དགྱེད་དགྱེད་TC. དགྱེད་TC.དགྱེད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To fall backwards TC. Compare དགྱེ་.དགྱེད་2དགྱེད་(DS) gives as a present to འགྱེད་2དགྱེར་དགྱེར་CD, DK. give as the present of gyerདགྱེལ་དགྱེལ་CD, DS. To fall down, tumble down CD. To cause a person or upright thing to lie horizontally DS. Compare སྒྱེལ་.དགྱེས་དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, DKཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རང་གཞན་ལ་LZ. (honorific) 1. To rejoice, to be glad. 2. To be pleased to; to choose CD. To be delighted; to be happy, pleased; to rejoice DK. (honorific) To become happy DS. (honorific) To rejoice, to be happy, to be delighted TC. Root given as dgyes < *dgya < *dga (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15). cf. དགའ་དགྲད་དགྲད་DS. དགྲད་[DS]. དགྲད་[DS]. 1. Stretch the feet making the space between the two feet larger. 2. To spread apart (claws &c.) DS.དགྲོང་ཀྲོངས་LZ. དགྲོང་CD, DK, TC. འགྲོང་ ND, DS.བཀྲོངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁརོངས་ND.བཀྲོང་LZ, NDA, DK. དགྲོང་ DS, NDB, TC. ཀྲོངས་LZ. དགྲོངས་DK, TC. གྲོངས་ ND, DSDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.འགྲོངས་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Gyurme 1992: 259).དུག་མཚོན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. བསད་པའི་ND. To die (respectful for ཤི་བ་) CD. To assassinate; to kill DK. To kill DS. (honorific) To be killed, to die TC.དགྲོལ་དགྲོལ་LZ. gives as the present of འགྲོལ་བགག་བགགས་LZ. འགོག་DK.བགག་ TC.བཀགས་LZ. བགགས་ (CD), DK, TC.བཀག་LZ. བགག་ DK, TC. བཀག་(DK).གོགས་LZ. ཁོགས་ DK. བགོགས་ TC.TC.DS, TC.ལམ་སོགས་LZ. To block, stop; to obstruct; to limit, retain DK. To impede, obstruct, block TC.DS gives བགགས་ as an alternative spelling of བསྒགས་ the past of sgog. Compare འགོག་.བགམ་བགམ་LZ, DK, TC. འགམ་ DS. བགམ་LZ. TC. བགམས་ DK, DS. བགམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བགམ་LZ. བགམས་ DK. འགོམས་ DS. བགོམ་TC.DS, C.DS, TC.ཉམས་དང་ཚོད་སོགས་LZ. To estimate a person; to examine indirectly, to spy DK. 1. To examine, determine, size up a situation DS. To test, to estimate, to judge, to guess TC.བགོ་བགོ་ND, DK, DS, TC. བགོས་ND, DK, DS, TC.བགོ་ND, DK, DS, TC.བགོས་ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀND. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). NDDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བགོ་ཤ་གོ་ཆ་བག་ཆགས་(bgos) ND. གོ་ཆ་དང་སྐལ་བ་(-) ND. To put on, to wear DK. To make wear, to wear a garment &c. DS. 1. To wear, to clothe, to put on. 2. To divide, to apportion TC.བགོད་བགོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བགོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བགོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བགོད་LZ, DK. བགོས་DS, TC.DS, C.DS, TC.འབུལ་རྫས་སོགས་LZ. To divide CD. To divide; to share DK. 1. To allocate, apportion, allot. 2. (mathematics) To divide DS. To divide, apportion, allocate TC.བགོམ་བགོམ་CD, ND give as the present of འགོམ་བགོམས་བགོམས་CD gives as the present of འགོམ་.བགོར་བགོར་CD, TC give as the present to འགོར་1.བགྱང་བགྱང་TC. gives as the present of འགྱངས་བགྱིད་བགྱིད་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགྱིས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགྱི་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གྱི་(Zeisler 2004: 348).གྱིས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་དགེ་བ་སོགས་LZ, བྱ་ལས་སོགས་ ND. To do, to make CD. To work, to do DK. To do an action DS. To do, to perform, to make, to carry out TC.བགྲང་འདྲེན་LZ, DK, (TC).གྲངས་LZ. བགྲང་CD, DS, TC. བགྲེང་ [CD] འགྲང་[CD] བགྲངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བགྲང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འདྲོངས་LZ. འདྲེནད་DK. བགྲོངས་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲོང་NWH.གྲངས་སོགས་(grangs) LZ.མ྄G྄ཨི་སོགས་('dren) LZ. To number, count, calculate CD. To count, calculate, find out by working with numbers DS. To count, enumerate, to compute, to calculate, to list, relate TC.བགྲད་བགྲད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འགྲད་ [CD], DK.དགྲད་(DS).བགྲད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བགྲད་LZ, DK, [DS] TC.བགྲད་LZ. འགྲད་DK. བགྲོད་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བསྒྲད་NWH.རྐང་པ་སོགས་LZ. To open wide (bgrad) CD. To spread, enter ('grad)CD. To open widely, e.g. one's mouth or leg's &c. To stare DK. To open the eyes wide DS. 1. To open wide, to spread apart, to expose. 2. To stretch out TC.བགྲིལ་བགྲིལ་CD, TC. བགྲིལ་TC.བགྲིལ་TC.བགྲིལ་TC.TC.TC.འགྲིལ་[TC] To fall down; to drop down CD. To cause to fall down, to bring down TC.བགྲུ་བགྲུ་DS gives as the present to བགྲུད་.བགྲུང་གྲུངས་LZ. བགྲུང་CD, ND, DS, TC. བགྲུངས་CD.འགྲུང་ DK.བགྲུངས་ LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགྲུང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གྲུངས་LZ. ཨྀND. བགྲུངས་ND, DS, TC.འགྲུངས་ DK.ND. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཆུའི་རྙོག་པ་སོགས་LZ.སྙོགས་མ་ (-) ND. རྙོག་མ་ (bgrungs) NDA. ༿༿ཨིལལེགཨིབལེཅཧརཨཅཏེར༾༾གསམ་ན་༼྄༽ (bgrungs) NDB. To strain; to depurate [sic] CD. To purify, to clean, to filter DK. To purify (water &c.) DS. To filter, to strain, to purify water TC.བགྲུད་གྲུས་LZ. བགྲུད་CD, ND, DK, (DS). བགྲུ་ DS, TC. བགྲུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བགྲུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲུ་ ND.གྲུས་LZ, CD, DS. བགྲུད་ DK. བགྲུས་ TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ནས་འབྲས་སོགས་LZ. ཡོས་དང་འགྲས་སོགས་ND. To clear of husks; to shell CD. To peel, to husk DK. To husk, to hull DS, TC.བགྲེ་བགྲེ་TC. (archaic) To wallow, to roll on the ground TC. བགྲེ་2བགྲེ་DK gives as the present of བགྲེས་.བགྲེང་བགྲེང་CD gives as 'occasionally for' sgeng, and as equivalent to བགྲང་བགྲེས་བགྲེ་DK. བགྲེས་DS, TC. བགྲེས་DK, [DS], TC.བགྲེ་DK. བགྲེས་[DS], TC.བགྲེས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To grow old; to age DK. (honorific) To become aged, to grow old TC. Root given as bgre < *b-gria (Beyer 1992: 83 n. 16) Compare རྒ་བགྲོ་བགྲོ་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བགྲོས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.བགྲོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བགྲོས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. གྲོས་ND. ཨྀND.ND, DS, TC. ND.DS. TC.ཆོས་དང་གཞང་དོན་སོགས་LZ. བཀའ་ND 1. To argue, discuss, confer with, consider. 2. To resolve, decide CD. To discuss; to have a discussion; to debate DK. To discuss, confer DS. To discuss, consult, confer TC.བགྲོང་བགྲོང་ND. བགྲངས་ND. བགྲོང་ND. བགྲང་ND. བགྲོངས་NDB. བགྲངས་NDA. ཨྀ ND.ND.ND.གྲངས་སུ་ND.ND lists this verb twice once as བགྲོང་, བགྲོང་, -, -, and the second time with a textual problem in the imperative བགྲོང་, བགྲངས་, བགྲང་, བགྲོངས་ / བགྲངས་. The verb is only given in ND and he gives very ambiguous data. It is possible the involuntary listing, which has no Characteristic Example, I have mis-read for བགྲོད་, བགྲོད་, -, -.བགྲོད་བགྲོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲོད་[CD], (DK). བགྲོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བགྲོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བགྲོད་LZ, DK. TC. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལམ་སོགས་LZ. To walk; to get over; wonder CD. To take route; to cross to go, to get through DK. 1. To go. 2. 'dod spyadDS. To go, to cross, to transverse TC. In the verb appendix of TC an imperative is given, but it is omitted in the body of the dictionary. མགར་མགར་DS, TC. མགར་[DS], TC.མགར་[DS], TC.མགོར་TC.TC.DS, TC. To smith DS. To forge utensils out of iron TC.མགུ་མགུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མགུ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.མགུ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མགུ་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཡིད་སོགས་LZ. 1. To rejoice, to be glad, joyful, content. 2. To exhilarate, to gladden, to make content CD. To rejoice; to satisfy; to be glad DK. To rejoice, to be pleased TC. Related by ablaut to དག་(Simon 1971: 474).མགྱོག་མགྱོག་ND. མགྱོགས་ND.མགྱོག་ND.ཨྀND.ND, (Hoshi 2003).རྟ་སོགས་ND. To be quick NWH.འགག་འགག་LZ, [CD], DK, DS, TC. འགགས་LZ, [CD], DK, DS, TC.འགག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགག་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཆུ་རྒྱུན་དང་རྣམ་རྟོག་སོགས་LZ. To be stopped; to be halted CD. 1. To speak unclearly, to have difficulty speaking. 2. For something to be unable to be free from inside (e.g. a hole). 3. For a continuum to break off DS. To be blocked, to be obstructed TC.འགང་འགང་DK. gives as the present of གང་འགད་འགད་DS, TC. བཀད་DS, TC.དགད་DS, TC.ཁོད་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.འགས་(Duff). 1. To crack, split apart. 2. To make the pedals of a flower open DS. To crack open, to blast apart TC.འགབས་འགབས་DK. gives as the present of གབ་འགམ་འགམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགམས་LZ, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239). བགམ་ DK. བགམས་DS.འགམ་LZ, TC. དགམ་DK. བགམ་DS.འགོམས་LZ, DS, TC. འགམས་ DK.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239).ཕྱེ་རྩམ་སོགས་LZ. To cram into the mouth, especially of dry edibles CD. To throw food into the mouth DK. 1. To examine, determine, size up a situation 2. To put (tsam pa &c.) in to the mouth DS. To swallow, gulp down (used of barley flour and dry powders) TC.འགལ་འགལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགལད་LZ, DK. འགལ་[DS], TC.འགལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003).ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. To contradict, to disagree, to mistake CD. To be mistaken; to be violated, trespassed DK. To be contradictory, to contradict, to be contrary to TC. འགས་1འགས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འགེས་ CD. བཀས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. དགས་KYT, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཀས་ KYNZ.བཀད་KYNC, LZ. ཁོས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགས2 [Chang 1971: vii.17] (Chang 1971: vii.27), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178). གས་TC.མགོ་བོ་སོགས་LZ, དུམ་བུར་ཁ་སོགས་NDB, དུམ་བུར་ཀ་བཀས་སོགས་NDA. To split, to crack, to burst apart ('gas) CD. To split, cleave, divide ('ges) CD. To cleave, crack, split (wood &c.) by striking with a knife or axe DS. To crack, to split TC. This verb and དགས་ are not to be distinguished.འགས་2འགས་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གས་LZ, DK, TC.དགས་LZ. འགས་DK, TC.གས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགད་(Duff). འགས་1 (Chang 1971: vii.27), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178)སྣོད་དང་ཤེལ་སོགས་LZ. To split, to crack, to burst apart CD. To be cracked, to be broken DK. To crack, to split open, to burst open TC. to be identified with གས་.འགི་འགི་TC.(Skorupski 2001). (dialect) To be TC.འགུགས་འགུག་KYT, KYN, (LZ), [CD], (ND), (DS). འགུགས་ TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀུག་KYT, KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀུགས་TD.དགུག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀུག་ LZ.ཁུག་KYT, TD, ND, [CD], LZ, DS, TC. ཁུགས་KYN, DK.KYT, KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཁུག་(Gyurme 1992: 259).ལྕགས་ཀྱུ་སོགས་TD, རྣམ་ཤེས་དང་གྲོགས་སོགས་LZ, མདུན་དུ་ཚེ་སོགས་ND. To summon, bring back CD. To call, recall somebody; to cause to come; to bend something DK. 1. To make bend. 2. To overpower. 3. To change the characteristic of something into something else DS. 1. To bend, to cause to bend. 2. To summon, to call, to attract, to interest TC.འགུད་འགུད་[CD], DK. གུད་[CD], DK.གུད་DK.གུད་DK. To go aside; to avoid DK.CD invites under འགུད་ ' v[ide] གུད་' and under གུད་ ' v[ide] འགུད་'.འགུམ་འགུམ་CD (archaic), DK, TC. གུམ་DK, TC.འགུམས་(Chang 1971: vii.17).འགུམ་DK, TC.གུམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགུམས་(Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259): (Duff). To die (of natural death, of disease) CD. To die DK, TC. Compare ཀུམ་འགུམས་འགུམས་ND, DK, DS, TC. འགུམ་(Chang 1971: vii.17)བཀུམས་ND, DS, TC. བཀུམ་DK.དགུམ་ND, DK, DS, TC.གུམས་ND. འགུམས་DK. ཁུམ་DS. ཁུམས་TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.འགུམ་(Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)སྲོག་ ND. To kill; to put to death DK. To kill DS, TC.འགུལ་འགུལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགུལད་LZ, DK. འགུལ་[DS], TC.འགུལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགུལ་LZ.འགུལད་DK.ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒུལ་(Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff)ས་སོགས་LZ. To move, quake, shake CD. To become unsteady, to move DK. To move apart from a previous location, to change a previous characteristic or location DS. To move, to shake TC.འགེགས་འགེགས་CD, DS give as a present of འགོག་འགེང་འགེང་KYT, KYN, LZ, (DK), DS. འགེངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. བཀང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀངས་ LZ.དགང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀང་ LZ.ཁེངས་KYT. ཁོང་KYN, CD, TC. ཁོངས་LZ, ND, DS. གེངས་ LZ འགེངས་DK.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གང་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཁེང་(Beyer 1992: 113), (Duff)བུམ་བཅཧུས་TD. སྣོད་སོགས་('geng, bkang, bkang, khongs) LZ. མདའ་('gengs, bkangs, bkang, gengs) LZ. བུམ་པ་ལྟ་བུ་ཆུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་('gengs, bkhang, dgang, khongs)LZ. སྣོད་དང་གཞུ་སོགས་ND. To fill up, to satiate CD. To fill up; to fulfill; to pull the string of a bow with an arrow for shooting DK. 1. To fill. 2. To draw a bow string TC. Compare སྐོང་, and ཁེང་.འགེབས་འགེབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགེབ་ (DK). བཀབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དགབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགབ་CD.ཁོབས་LZ, ND, DS. ཁོབ་CD, DK, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཁེབས་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 113), (Duff). གབ་ (Chang vii.16-17), (Gyurme 1992: 259). སྒབ་[CD], [Coblin 1986]ཁེབས་ 'a cover'NWH.ན་བཟའ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ, གོས་དང་དྲེབས་སོགས་྄ NDB, གོས་དང་ཁེབས་སོགས་NDA. To cover up, to put on; to conceal CD. To cause to spread over; to cover; to put on, to wear DK. 1. To become obscure from darkness. 2. To hide, make secret DS. To conceal, to cover TC.འགེམ་འགེམ་DS. འགེམས་TC. འགེམས་DS, TC.འགེམ་DS. འགེམས་TC.འགེམས་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To defeat, subdue, overcome DS. To crush TC.འགེར་འགེར་DS gives as the present of དགར་འགེལ་འགེལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཀལ་CD. བཀལད་ND. བཀལ་DK, DS, TC.དགལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁོལ་CD, DS, TC ཁོལད་ND. འགེལད་DK.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒལ་[Coblin 1986] འཁེལ་(Beyer 1992: 113).ཁལ་དང་ཁྲལ་སོགས་ND. To load, to lay on a burden, to impose tax or rent, to commission; to put, to place on, over; to impose a fine; to give punishment CD. To give responsibilities, to load; to impose, lay a tax, to levy a tax DK. 1. To burden cattle with a load. 2. To trust, hope. 3. For someone of high rank to impose a certain task or aim to be accomplished upon person of lower rank DS. 1. To impose, to burden. 2. To load a pack animal. 3. to hang. 4. To trust, to entrust TC.འགེས་འགེས་CD gives as the present of དགས་ or འགས་འགོ་འགོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS. གོས་CD, TC.འགོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གོས་LZ. འགོས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྒོ་(Chang 1971: vii.18), (Duff).ལུས་ལྷ་དང་སྐྱོན་སོགས་LZ. To stain, lose color, dirty sully CD. To be infected; to be covered DK. For one thing to stick to or contaminate another thing DS. 1. To catch (an illness), to be infected. 2. To be stained, to be sullied, to have a stain or substance stick to oneself TC.འགོག་1འགོག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགོགས་CD. འགེགས་ CD, (DS).བཀག་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགགས་CD.ཁོགས་KYT, DK, DS. ཁོག་ KYN, TD, LZ, ND, TC. KYT, KYN, TC, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276), (Hackett 2003).འགག་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཁེགས་(Beyer 1992: 113).གཞན་གྱི་གྲུབ་མཐའ་སོགས་TD, གྲུབ་མཐའ་དང་རྒོལ་ངན་སོགས་LZ, ལམ་སོགས་དགག་བྱ་ ND. To prevent; to avert unfortunate events, as danger, to suppress, drive back, expel CD. To hinder, obstruct, keep back or in CD. To block, obstruct; to stop, hinder; limit DK. 1. To obstruct, to block, to interrupt. 2. To resist, to oppose TC. Compare བགག་. འགོག་2དགོག་LZ. འགོག་CD, ND, DS, TC. དགོགས་DK བཀོགས་LZ. བཀོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀོག་LZ. དགོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.གོག་LZ. ཁོག་CD, ND, DK, TC. ཁོགས་DS.CD, ND, DS TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གོག་(Chang 1971: vii.17). ཁོག་ (Gyurme 1992: 259).རྩ་བ་སོགས་LZ, རྩ་བ་ནས་ND. 1. To take away forcibly; to snatch, take away, pull out. 2. To take off a cover, lid CD. To detach from; to pull out; to extract; to extirpate DK 1. For something which adheres together to separate apart. 2. To pluck, comb DS. 1. To extract, to pull out. 2. To detach, to scrape off, to peel off TC. འགོགས་འགོགས་CD gives as the present of འགོག་1.འགོང་འགོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀོང་CD. འགོངས་DK, DS.འགོང་DK, DS.འགོངས་DK. ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To bewitch, enchant, pass over, get the better of. (the past tense བཀོང་ in compounds means 'threat') CD. To be trespassed or violated; to be disgraced; to be afraid of DK. 1. To obtain release from entrapment. 2. To surpass, exceed DS. (archaic) 1. To be intimidated, to be afraid, to be oppressed. 2. To transgress. 3. To rival, to get the better of. 4. To demean, to put down. 5. To exceed, to go beyond. 6. To be released, to escape TC. Compare བཀོང་1 and འཁོང་.འགོད་འགོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགོད་LZ.བགོད་KYTC, འགོད་KYTZ,བཀོད་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དགོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁོད་CD.ཁོད་KYT, KYNZ (see note), LZ, ND, CD, DS, TC. འཁོད་KYNC, TD, LZ, (DS). འགོད་DKKYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོད་(Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).འགོ་(Chang vii.19, see note)གནས་སུ་TD, ཚོམ་བུ་དང་ཡི་གེར་སོགས་སུ་('god) LZ, གྲལ་དང་གནས་སུ་(dgod) LZ. རྒྱན་དང་བདེ་དང་བྲལ་སོགས་ND. 1. To design, project, plan; to found, establish, lay out; to fix, put ('god) CD. To build, arrange, plan (bkod) CD. To register, make a record; to coronate, enthrone; to make peace; to put a signature or seal on DK. 1. To insert, to establish, to put, to secure. to rectify. 2. To design, to formulate, to plan out, to build, to lay out. 3. To write, to sign, to record, to document TC. Root given as *go+d (Chang 1971: vii.18).KYNZ has an erasure of one character i.e. འཁོད་ may have been the original reading. (Chang 1971: vii.18) suggests that 'god functions as a causative of འགོ་ in Lhasa dialect. (Uray 1972: 19) connects this verb with མཁོས་/ཁོས་/ཁོད་ 'institution, administration, settlement of the state' along with the verbs, སྐོ་ and འཁོད་. (Takeuchi 1990: 175) suggests that the noun གོད་ 'order to execute' is derived from the intransitive perfect form of this verb. འགོམ་གོམ་LZའགོམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བགོམ་ CD, ND. བགོམས་ (CD).བགོམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བགོམདLZབགོམ་ND, DK, DS, TC.འགོམ་LZཨྀ ND. གོམས་DK, DS. བགོམས་TC. NDDS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐང་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. གོམ་པ་NDA, གོམ་པས་NDB. To walk, step, stride, pace (bgom) CD. 1. To tread. 2. (Acc. Sch. = འགེས་, འགུམ་) To pass over, = འགྲོ་('gom) CD. To walk; to pace DK. To pass thither from above DS. To walk over, to cross over, to pass over TC.འགོར་1བགོར་CD, TC. འགོར་ CD, DK, DS. བགོརད་DK.བགོར་ DS, TC.བགོར་DK, DS, TC.འགོརད་DK. བགོར་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.འགོར2 (Duff). To linger, loiter in the way; delay CD. To delay; to detain DK. To make time pass DS. To take [time], to elapse, to delay TC.འགོར་2འགོར་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འགོརད་LZ, DK. འགོར་ TC.འགོར་LZ, DK, TC.འགོརད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 271), (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 271).འགོར1 (Duff)དུས་དང་ལམ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. To tarry, linger, loiter CD. To be delayed; to be late DK. To take time, to be delayed TC.འགོལ་འགོལ་CDgives as the present to gol. འགོལད་འགོལད་DKgives as the present to གོལ་. འགྱག་འགྱག་CD, DK. གྱགས་DK. གྱག་DK.འགྱགས་DK. To be sold, spend, expended (Cs.) CD. To lose, to destroy DK.CD suggests comparison with སྐྱག་འགྱང་འགྱང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྱངས་CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྱང་DK, DS, TC.འགྱངས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱངས་(Duff). སྒྱང་ NWH. To be delayed, postponed, farthest [sic] CD. To be delayed; to be late DK. For time to pass DS. To delay, to postpone, to put off TC.འགྱངས་འགྱངས་LZ, DK. བགྱང་TC.བགྱངས་LZ, DK, (DS), TC.བརྒྱངས་(LZ).བགྱང་LZ, DK, (DS), TC.འགྱངས་LZ, DK.བགྱོངས་TC.TC. TC.འགྱང་(Duff)དུས་དང་ཡུན་སོགས་LZ. To delay DK. To cause a delay DS. To postpone, delay TC. Compare སྒྱང་འགྱས་འགྱས་DK. གྱས་DK.གྱ་DK.གྱོས་DK. To decay; to diminish DK.འགྱིང་འགྱིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. འགྱིངས་LZ, DK, TC. འགྱིང་ND.འགྱིང་LZ, DK, TC.འགྱིང་LZ. འགྱིངས་DK, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND.TC. TC.སྒྱིང་(Duff).ཉམས་ཀྱིས་LZ. 1. To assume air or appearance of greatness; to sit lifting up in the manner of a lion. 2. To look haughtily; to look down upon; to slight a person CD. To assume a posture, to pose DK. To put on airs, to act haughtily or arrogantly TC.འགྱུ་འགྱུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྱུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུ་LZ. འགྱུས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.དུས་ཚེ་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To move quickly to and fro (e.g. lightning, a mirage, the mind) CD. To focus one's mind on an object; to scatter from the intended object of meditation; to form the limbs of a child in the womb DK. 1. To quiver back and forth. 2. To be mentally distracted DS. To move TC. Compare རྒྱུ་འགྱུར་འགྱུར་LZ, CD DS. འགྱུརད་DK. - TC (see note).གྱུརད་ LZ.གྱུར་CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུར་DS, TC (see note).འགྱུར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུར་LZ.གྱུརད་DK.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Goldstein 1991: 130), (Hackett 2003).སྒྱུར་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.20-21), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). 1. To become; to grow, increase, change. 2. (Annexed to an infinitive may denote either the perfect or future tense, the context decides in every instance how it is to be understood) CD. To change, become DK. For an essence, ingredient, circumstance &c. to arise as different from before DS. 1. To change, alter. 2. To turn into, become TC.DS gives two verbs འགྱུར་, གྱུར་, འགྱུར་, - and འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་ -, just like TC does. However for DS the two definitions are the same. TC lists འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་, -, and -, གྱུར་, འགྱུར་, - as two verbs the second immediatley following the first in his verb tables. However in the body of the dictionary under 'gyur the first definition is listed without verb stems. The second definition is listed with the stems: འགྱུར་, གྱུར་, འགྱུར་, - with the definition 'to be established, or arise different than before'. (Li yung khrang 1988) which is supposed to be an excerpt of verb material form TC is exactly the same but lists defintion one with the stems: 'gyur, 'gyur, 'gyur, -. (Hoshi 2003) also distinguishes two verbs NWH.འགྱེ་1 འགྱེ་LZ, CD, DS. give as the present of འགྱེས་འགྱེ་2འགྱེ་LZ gives as the present of འགྱེད་1འགྱེད་1འགྱེ་LZ. འགྱེད་(LZ), CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀྱེས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བགྱེས་CD.བཀྱེ་DK, (DS). བཀྱེ་LZ, CD, TC. དགྱེ་ND, DS. དགྱེད་DK.བཀྱེ་LZ. ཀྱེས་(LZ). ཁྱེས་ND, (DS), TC. འགྱེད་DK. ཁྱེ་DS.ND, DS, TC.CD (def. 1), DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱེས་(Chang 1971: vii.20).འཁྱེད་ (Coblin 1986), (Beyer 1992: 113)འོད་ཟེར་སོགས་LZ,སྤྲུལ་པ་འོད་སྦྱིན་ ND. 1. To divide, to scatter, disperse. 2. To institute, set going. 3. To give an entertainment, banquet CD. To focus rays; to send; to distribute; to fight a war DK. 1. To deploy (troops in battle). 2. To apply paint, varnish.3. To mutually fight. 4. To give, having divided into pieces. 5. To give off, radiant light DS. 1. To send, to dispatch. 2. To emit. 3. To display, to send forth. 4. To dispute. 5. To give TC.འགྱེད་2འགྱེད་DS. དགྱེད་(DS). བཀྱེད་DS.བགྱེད་DS. དགྱེད་(DS).ཁྱེད་DS.DS.DS. To stretch, prolong DS.འགྱེད་3འགྱེད་LZ. འགྱེད་LZ.འགྱེད་LZ.འགྱེད་LZ.འགྱེད་སྟོན་སོགས་LZ. perhaps to be connected with འགྱེད་1འགྱེར་འགྱེརད་CD. འགྱེར་DK, DS, TC. གྱེར་DK.འགྱེར་DK.གྱེརད་DK.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To drop, or let fall; to throw down; to quit, abandon, throw away (Sch.) CD. To give up; to abandon DK. (archaic) 1. To get rid of, hide away. 2. To separate, break a connection DS. (archaic) To renounce, to abandon TC.འགྱེལ་འགྱེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འགྱེལད་LZ. འགྱེལ་ND, [DS], TC.གྱེལ་(Chang 1971: vii.20)འགྱེལ་LZ, [DS], TC.འགྱེལ་LZ. ཨྀND, TC. གྱེལ་(Chang 1971: vii.20)ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྱེལ་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.20), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ས་ལ་LZ. To fall; to tumble down CD. (for a person or upright thing) To lie horizontally DS. To fall, to collapse TC. Root given as gyel < *gyal < gal (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15)འགྱེས་འགྱེ་ LZ, CD, DS.འགྱེས་CD, ND, DK, TC. གྱེས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྱེས་LZ.འགྱེས་ND, TC.འགྱེ་LZ, DK, DS.གྱེས་LZ, CD, ND. གྱེད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC. ND, CD.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC, DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱེད་(Chang 1971: vii.20), [Coblin 1986].སོ་སོར་LZ, ND. 1. To be dispersed; to be divided. 2. To issue, proceed, spread, branch from CD. To become separate; to disperse; to be divorced DK. 1. To separate, place apart DS. To be separated, to separate, to split TC. Root given as gye < *gya < *ga (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15). cf. འགས་.འགྱོག་འགྱོག་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འགྱགས་LZ. བཀྱགས་DS, TC.འགྱོག་LZ, DS. བཀྱག་TC.ཆོགས་LZ. ཁྱོགས་DS. ཁྱོག་(DS), TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.], (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137).མགྲོན་འགྲུལ་རྣམས་LZ. To ascend CD. To lift, hold a thing up DS. To raise, to lift, to support TC.འགྱོད་འགྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྱོད་ND, DK, [DS], TC.འགྱོད་DK, [DS], TC.འགྱོད་DK. ཨྀ ND, TC.ND, TC.DS, TC. To repent; to grieve for. To lament, relent (not only for bad, but also for good actions, when the latter are attended with disadvantages) CD. To repent; to feel sorry; to befall of regret DK. To mentally suffer latter on account of an action previously done DS. To regret, to fell remorse, to feel sorry TC.འགྲགས་འགྲགས་CD. gives as a present of གྲགས་1 and གྲགས་2འགྲང་འགྲང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲངས་LZ, [CD], DK, DS, TC.འགྲང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲང་LZ. འགྲངས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 249).ཟས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To satisfy with food; to satiate CD. To be full (after meals) DK. To be sated, satiated, to be full TC.འགྲང་2འགྲང་[CD] gives as the present of བགྲང་འགྲད་འགྲད་CD, DK give as the present of བགྲད་. འགྲན་འགྲན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྲནད་LZ, DK. འགྲན་[DS], TC.འགྲན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲན་LZ. འགྲནད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.སྒྲུན་[CD].ཕན་ཚུན་རྩལ་སོགས་LZ. To vie with, contend with; to strive (for victory) CD. To compete, to challenge DK. To contest for victory DS. To rival, to compete, to contest, to hold a test TC.འགྲམས་འགྲམས་CD, DK, TC. གྲམ་DK. འགྲམས་TC.འགྲམ་DK. འགྲམ་TC.གྲམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To spread over CD. To be spread out, dispersed, scattered DK. To pervade, to diffuse, to be agitated TC. Compare གྲམ་ and འགྲེམ་འགྲས་འགྲས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྲས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲས་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དགྲ་སོགས་དང་LZ. To hate, to bear ill-will, to have spite against CD. To have spite; to hate DK. For the thought of fighting against an enemy to arise DS. To come to hate, to dislike TC. related to noun དགྲ་ 'enemy'.འགྲིག་འགྲིག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲིགས་LZ. འགྲིགས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166). (Hackett 2003).འཁྲིག་(Beyer 1992: 112).སྒྲིག་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.19), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).རྟེན་འབྲེལ་སོགས་LZ. To suit, agree, correspond; to be right CD. To be suitable; to be fitting; to be ok DK. 1. To agree, accord, be in harmony. 2. To be appropriate, suitable DS. 1. To suit, to be suitable. 2. To make harmonious, to reconcile TC.འགྲིབ་འགྲིབ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གྲིབ་(Zeisler 2004: 462).འགྲིབ་ND, [DS], TC. འགྲིབས་DK.འགྲིབ་DK, [DS], TC.འགྲིབས་DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲིབ་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259). 1. To grow dim; to get dark (Cs.) 2. To grow less, to decrease, to be diminished, to decay CD. To be diminished; to decay; to become smaller; to be reduced DK. To become smaller, to become fewer DS. 1. To decrease, to decline. 2. To grow dim, to be covered to set, to disappear TC.(Beyer 1992: 73) suggests comparison with རབ་རིབ་ 'mist, dimness'.འགྲིམ་འགྲིམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲིམས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྲིམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གྲིམས་LZ. འགྲིམས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཟ་ཏུགས་དང་ཆོས་གྲྭ་སོགས་LZ. To march about, perambulate; to rove or stroll about; walk round CD. To wander from place to place; to travel widely, to advance through monastic life, &c. DK. 1. To go to many places. 2. To link from one thing to another DS. To travel, to journey, to wander, to undergo, to attend TC.འགྲིལ་འགྲིལ་CD, DS, TC. འགྲིལད་DK. གྲིལ་CD, DS, DS. འགྲིལ་TC.འགྲིལ་DK, DS, TC.གྲིལད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲིལ་[CD], (Rona-Tas 1978: 359), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). 1. To be twisted or wrapped round, to be collected, concentrated; to flock or crowd together. 2. To be turned, rounded, made circular or cylindrical. 3. To fall, drop down (for འཁྲིལ་Sch.) CD. To roll up; to snowball DK. 1. To twist, turn. 2. (according to some དག་ཡིག་ 'spelling primers') To collect together, to wrap in DS. 1. To be rolled up, to recoil, to be condensed, to be assembled. 2. To roll down TC. Root given as ril (Rona-Tas 1978: 359), (Beyer 1992: 73)(Rona-Tas 1978: 359) calls འདྲིལ་ 'to be turned, rolled round, twisted into a thing.' the 'passive' of this verb, in addition he suggests a connection to the adjective ཧྲིལ་པོ་ 'round, globular, close, dense' and the noun རིལ་བ་'scroll'. (Beyer 1992: 73) similarly suggests comparision with རིལ་པོ་ 'round'.འགྲུ་འགྲུ་CD. gives as the present of འགྲུས་.འགྲུང་འགྲུང་DK gives as the present of བགྲུང་འགྲུབ་འགྲུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲུབས་DK. གྲུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྲུབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲུབ་LZ. གྲུབས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲུབ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).གྲབས་ 'preparation' (Simon 1971: 474).བསམ་དོན་སོགས་LZ. (Situ 69) To be accomplished; to be made ready, to be finished CD. To be accomplished DK. 1. To become, arise. 2. To exist, stay. 3. To know, understand DS. To become accomplished, to be made, to be fulfilled, to be completed TC.འགྲུམ་འགྲུམ་CD.འགྲུམས་DK.གྲུམས་DS. གྲུམ་TC. དྲུམ་ (TC).གྲུམས་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲུམ་DK.གྲུམས་[DS]. གྲུམ་TC. གྲུམས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To pinch, nip off (the point of a thing); to cut off; to prime, lop, clip the wings (Cs.) CD. To be broken or cracked DK. To break into many pieces DS. 1. To be broken, to be damaged. 2. To be exhausted, to be worn out TC.འགྲུལ་འགྲུལ་CD, DK, TC. འགྲུལད་DK. འགྲུལ་TC.འགྲུལ་DK, TC.འགྲུལད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.འཁྲུལ་(Beyer 1992: 112). 1. To walk; to pass; to ravel. 2. Fig. To walk, to live, act, or behave. 3. To pass as good; to be current (of coins) CD. To journey; to go DK. To travel, to tour, to take a trip TC.འགྲུས་འགྲུས་LZ, TC. འགྲུ་CD.འགྲུས་LZ, [CD], TC.གྲུས་CD.འགྲུས་LZ, TC.འགྲུས་LZ, TC.TC.DS, TC.ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ལ་LZ. To bestow pains upon a thing CD. To persevere, to be diligent TC.འགྲེ་འགྲེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྲེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འགྲེ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འགྲེས་LZ, ND, DK. ཨྀND, DS, TC.NDND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲེ་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).སྔ་ཕྱི་LZ, རིགས་ND. To roll one's self CD. To apply a same reasoning; to adjust one's sleeping position DK. 1. To turn over the body while lying down. 2. To use previous reasoning to consider an new topic DS. 1. To be collated, to be juxtaposed, to be mixed. 2. To toss and turn. 3. (archaic) To move TC.འགྲེང་འགྲེང་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲེངས་LZ, DK, TC. འགྲེང་ND, [DS].འགྲེང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གྲེངས་LZ. ཨྀND. འགྲེངས་DK, TC.ND.TC. DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲེང་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.19), [Coblin 1986], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).གྱེན་དང་ལུས་སོགས་LZ. To stand CD. To rise up; to get up DK. To stand up, to rise up TC.འགྲེད་འགྲེད་LZ, (DS), (TC). give as a present of འདྲེད་འགྲེམ་1འགྲེམ་KYT, KYN, CD, (ND), DS. འགྲེམས་LZ, ND, DK, (CD), TC. བཀྲམ་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དགྲམ་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲོམས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.ཁྲེམས་DK.KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲམ་(Gyurme 1992: 258)(Duff).རྒྱན་དར་སོགས་LZ, ཆུ་དང་གཅལ་དུ་ND. To spread (as of grain, for drying) CD. To scatter; to spread out DK. To spread, to lay out many things DS. To be spread out, to lay out, to distribute TC.འགྲེམ་2འགྲེམ་LZ. འགྲེམས་LZ.འགྲེམ་LZ.གྲེམས་LZ.ཆབ་སོགས་LZ.འགྲེལ་1འགྲེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲལད་LZ, ND, DK. བཀྲལ་DS, TC.དགྲོལ་LZ, DS, TC. དགྲལ་ND. བཀྲལ་DK.འགྲེལད་LZ, DK. ཁྲོལད་ND. ཁྲོལ་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞུང་ཚིག་སོགས་LZ. དགོངས་ལ་ཁྱལ་དང་འགྲེལ་NDB.དགོངས་ལ་ཁྱལ་དང་འགྲེལ་པ་NDA.1. To beg, supplicate. 2. To put in, arrange. 3. To explain, comment upon CD. To classify; to elucidate meaning; to explain in detail DK. To comment on, to elucidate the difficult points of a text TC.འགྲེལ་2འགྲེལ་ND. འགྲེལ་ND. འགྲོ་འགྲོ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སོང་CD, DS. འགྲོ་ND.ཕྱིནད་DK.ཕྱིན་TC.འགྲོ་DK, DS, TC.སོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱུ་ (Denwood 1999)CD, DS, TC, (Goldstein 1991: 93), (Gyurme 1992: 251), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Goldstein 1991: 93), (Gyurme 1992: 251).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To go, to live CD. To go, to move DK. 1. To go, to proceed, to set off, to move. 2. To be acceptable [to the senses]. 3. To hold, to contain. 4. To become. 5. To be used for TC. Root given as 'gro < ' + TB *ga + *ro, *ro < TB *ra 'to come' (Delancey 1908: 233)song < s + *ong, *ong < TB *wang (Delancey 1980: 233). The past tense སོང་ is more typical of eastern dialects whereas phyin more of central dialects (Tournadre pers. comm.). Denwood's imperative is for Lhasa dialect. For more etymological thoughts on motion verbs compare འོང་. འགྲོགས་འགྲོགས་CD, ND, DK, TC. འགྲོག་(DK), DS. འགྲོགས་ND, DK, DS, TC.འགྲོགས་DK, TC. འགྲོག་(DK), DS.ཨྀND, DS.འགྲོགས་DK, TC.ND, DS.TC. DS. TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). To associate with; to keep company, to be in the company of; to accompnay CD. To be accompanied by; to associate with; to stay together DK. To act with mutual connection, to co-habitate, to co-operate DS. To accompany, to associate with TC. Perhaps to be compared with རོགས་ 'help'འགྲོང་འགྲོང་ND, DSgive as the present of དགྲོང་འགྲོངས་འགྲོང་ND.འགྲོངས་DK, TC. འགྲོང་ND. གྲོང་DK. གྲོངས་. TC.འགྲོང་DK. འགྲོངས་TC.ཨྀND, TC. གྲོངས་DK.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.དགྲོང་(Chang 1971: vii.18), (Gyurme 1992: 259).རོ་'corpse'(Hahn 1999: 124) To die CD. (honorific) To die TC. Root given as 'g- ro - ng (Hahn 1999: 124)འགྲོད་འགྲོད་DK gives as a present of བགྲོད་འགྲོལ་འགྲོལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགྲོལ་LZ.བཀྲོལ་KYT, KYN, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲོལད་TD, LZ, ND.དགྲོལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྲོལ་KYT, DS, TC.ཁྲོལད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK. གྲོལད་TD, LZ.KYT, KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. གྲོལ་༼Cཧང་1971༔ བི༹ཨི18༽, (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). སྒྲོལ་[Duff]མདུད་པ་སོགས་TD,མདུད་བཅིངས་སོགས་ ('grol) LZ,བཅིངས་པ་སོགས་(dgrol) LZ, མདུད་པ་ཁྲིམས་ ND. To unravel, to make loose, to set free, to unfasten CD. To loosen; to set free from bondage DK. 1. (for a knot, tied rope &c.) To unravel, unwind. 2. (for a higher ranking [person]) To allow, approve DS. 1. To untie, to unravel, to liberate, to release, to unfasten. 2. To comment on, to elucidate TC.འགྲོལ་2འགྲོལ་ orའགྲོལད་CD, DK, (Bielmeier 1988: 20)give as the present to གྲོལ་.རྒ་རྒ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒད་DK. རྒས་CD, DK, DS, TC.རྒ་DK, DS, TC.རྒས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be old, aged. 2. To go down, to set (of the sun) (Jä) CD. To become old; to become physically weak, to become lean and thin DK. 1. (for men or cattle) To age. 2. To become old, for time to pass DS. To age, to grow old TC. Root given as rga < *gra (Beyer 1992: 85 n.16) related to the nouns རྒད་པོ་, རྒད་མོ་, རྒན་པོ་, རྒན་མོ་, རྒས་པོ་, རྒས་མོ་ 'old man, old woman' and the verb བགྲེས་.རྒལ་རྒོལ་LZ, ND, (DS). རྒལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྒལད་LZ, ND, DK.བརྒལ་CD, DS, TC. བརྒལ་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྒོལད་LZ, ND, DK. རྒོལ་CD, DS, TC. CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲོལ་[Beyer 1992: 85]ཆུ་སོགས་དང་གཞན་དང་LZ, ཕར་ལ་ND. To ford (a river), to travel through, to pass over, to surmount a pass CD. To cross the river, to cross a limit, to take a bath DK. To cross (a river, valley, pass). 2. To pass, exceed a measure. 3. To go into water DS. To cross, to traverse, to go beyond, to exceed TC. Root given as rgal < *gral (Beyer 1992: 85).CD gives རྒལ་བ་ and རྒལ་པ་, the latter perhaps indicates the variant rgald pa. རྒུད་རྒུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒུད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རླུང་རྟ་སོགས་LZ. To decline, to sink, grow fail CD. To decay; to decline; to become weak or smaller DK. To break down (of power, ability &c. ) DS. To decline, to deteriorate TC.རྒོད་རྒོད་CD, DK give as a separate verb from and DS, TC give as an an alternate present to དགོད་.རྒོལ་རྒོལ་KYN, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྒལད་KYN, DK. བརྒལ་TC.རྒོལ་CD. རྒོལ་[DS].བརྒལ་KYN, ND, DK, TC. བརྒོལ་DK.རྒོལད་KYN.རྒོལ་ DK, TC.KYN, ND, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To dispute, combat, fight, make controversy CD. To find out by debating, to debate DK. 1. To fight. 2. To negate DS. To oppose, to attack, to assault, to resist TC. Whether KYN intends these forms here or a རྒལ་ cannot be known. རྒྱ་1རྒྱ་CD, ND, TC. རྒྱས་DK, DS.རྒྱས་CD, ND, [DK], DS, TC.རྒྱ་ND, TC.རྒྱས་DK, [DS].ཨྀND, TC.རྒྱས་ND, DK.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སངས་(-) ND, སངས་རྒྱ་དམིགས་རྒྱ་ (rgyas) ND.To increase in bulk or quantity, to augment, to spread CD. To increase, enlarge, flourish DK. To increase, to multiply DS. To increase, to swell, to grow larger, to develop TC.རྒྱ་2རྒྱ་CD. To be useful and of service, to exert oneself CD. རྒྱག་1རྒྱོབ་LZ. རྒྱབ་CD, DK. རྒྱག་(CD Central Dialect), DK, DS, TC. རྒྱེག་ND.བརྒྱབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC.བརྒྱབས་ND, DK, (DS). རྒྱག་ DK.བརྒྱབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS. བརྒྱག་ND, TC. རྒྱག་ DK. རྒྱོབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱབས་ DK. རྒྱག་ DK. CD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hackett 2003).ཟོར་དང་མཚོན་སོགས་LZ. རྡོ་སོགས་ND. To throw, to fling; to hit, to beat, to strike CD. The meaning of this verb differs according to context, e.g. to build; to shoot; to reply; to mark, etc. DK. 1. i. To strike, to hit. ii. A house, wall etc. to make new. iii. To propel to cast 2. In the colloquial language there are many definitions, used like 'jug DS. To project, propel away, send off; to enter, place inside; to do; to make TC. Root given as rgyab < *gryab (Beyer 1992: 4)DK lists two verbs རྒྱག་, རྒྱག་, རྒྱག་, རྒྱག་ and and རྒྱབ་, རྒྱབས་, བརྒྱབ་, རྒྱབས་/རྒྱོབ་ with nearly identical meanings. (Chang 1984) conjectures that the termination -b is original. This verb is frequently added to nouns to form new verbs, it generally indicates a voluntary verb, whereas འཐེབས་ is used in the same way to indicate lack of volition or to show that the action was well done (Chang 1984).རྒྱག་2རྒྱག་ TC. བརྒྱབ་TC.རྒྱག་ TC.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To rise, to emit TC.རྒྱགས་1རྒྱགས་LZ, DK, TC. རྒྱག་ DS. བརྒྱགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བརྒྱག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱགས་LZ, DK. རྒྱོགས་ DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003). : DS. TC.ནོར་དང་ང་རྒྱལ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To use provisions on a journey DK. To give a bribe of wealth DS. To be full, to be satisfied, to be satiated TC.LZ evidently conflates this verb with the following. TC fits here morphologically but semantically is better at བརྒྱགས་. The relationship between these three verbs (རྒྱགས་1, རྒྱགས་2, བརྒྱགས་) is hardly clear.རྒྱགས་2རྒྱགས་DK, TC. རྒྱགས་DK, TC. རྒྱགས་DK, TC. རྒྱགས་DK. ཨྀ TCTC. TC. To be self satisfied, to be haughty, priggish DK. To be self satisfied TC.རྒྱང་རྒྱང་(CD), DK. བརྒྱངས་DK.བརྒྱང་DK.རྒྱངས་DK. To stretch, extend, stretch forth (one's hands to a person), put out (the tongue); spread; distend (the wings, a curtain) CD. To cause to be delayed; to extend DK. Root given as rgyang < *gryang (Beyer 1992: 85). Compare རྒྱོང་ and རྐྱོང་.རྒྱན་རྒྱན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱནད་LZ, DK བརྒྱན་ DS, TC.བརྒྱན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱནད་LZ, DK. རྒྱན་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱན་ 'ornament' (Beyer 1992: 111)རྒྱན་དང་དར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To ornament; to beautify or to decorate, to wear or to put on DK. To adorn, ornament DS. To adorn, ornament, to decorate TC.རྒྱབ་རྒྱབ་CD, DK. give as the present to རྒྱག་.རྒྱལ་1རྒྱལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱལད་LZ, DK. རྒྱལ་[DS], TC.རྒྱལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱལ་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Abl/Ela.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་དང་ཤོ་སོགས་ལས་LZ. To be victorious; to win; to conquer; to subdue, to overpower CD. To win, conquer, subdue DK. 1. To remain having defeated an opposing side or enemy. 2. To be superior than another DS. To be victorious, to conquer TC.རྒྱལ་2རྒྱལ་DK. gives as the present of བརྒྱལ་.རྒྱས་རྒྱས་DK, DS give as the present of རྒྱ་. རྒྱུ་རྒྱུ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱུ་DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱུ་DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱུ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To go, walk, move, wander, range (this verb is generally used instead of འགྲོ་ in Sikkim) CD. To go; to move DK. To go DS. To move, to roam, to go TC. Compare འགྱུ་རྒྱུ་རྒྱུ་DK, DS, (TC). give as the present to རྒྱུད་. རྒྱུག་1རྒྱུག་DK, TC. རྒྱུག་DK. རྒྱུགས་TC.རྒྱུག་DK, TC.རྒྱུག་DK. རྒྱུགས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To run; to race DK. 1. To run. 2. To flow. 3. To sell, engage in commerce TC.རྒྱུག་2རྒྱུག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱུགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྒྱུག་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱུགས་TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. རྒྱུག་ DK. ཨྀ ND.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 292), (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS. TC. [Erg.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 292). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྟ་སོགས་TD, སྔོན་རྗེས་སོགས་སུ་ LZ, རྟ་ཟོང་དང་སོགས་(rgyugs) NDB, རྟ་དང་ཟོང་སོགས་(rgyugs) NDA, ཟོང་སོགས་(-) ND. To run CD. To run a race; to make one run DK. To race TC.རྒྱུགས་རྒྱུགས་DK. རྒྱུགས་DK. རྒྱུགས་DK. རྒྱུགས་DK. To serve; to serve drink DK.རྒྱུང་རྒྱུང་DS. རྒྱུངས་DS.རྒྱུང་DS.རྒྱུངས་DS.DS.DS. To wash the stomach (as with cleansing medicine) DS.རྒྱུད་རྒྱུད་TD, LZ, CD, ND, TC. རྒྱུ་DK, DS, (TC). བརྒྱུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྒྱུ་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱུས་TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཕྲེང་བ་སོགས་TD, LZ. སྐུད་པ་མིག་ལ་ND. To tie, fasten, connect together (rgyud) CD. To make a string of, to stick together (brgyus) CD. To string; to put in line DK. To put a rope or thread through a hole DS. To thread, to stringTC.རྒྱུད་2རྒྱུད་DK. gives as present to བརྒྱུད་.རྒྱེག་རྒྱེག་ND. gives as the present of རྒྱག་རྒྱོ་རྒྱོ་CD, DK, DS (dialect), TC. བརྒྱོས་CD, DK, DS.བརྒྱོ་CD, DK, DS.རྒྱོས་CD, DK, DS.CD, DS, (Hoshi 2003). To have sexual intercourse; (acc. to Cs.) To deflower, ravish CD. To deflower; to have sexual intercourse DK. To have sexual intercourse DS. (archaic) To have sexual intercourse TC.རྒྱོང་རྒྱོང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱང་ CD. བརྒྱངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱོངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.པགས་པ་སོགས་LZ, གྲུ་སོགས་ND. To extend, stretch forth, distend (rgyong) CD. To extend, stretch out, set out, arrange (brgyang) CD. To fill up, to stretch DK.1. To stretch, to extend, to distend. 2. To fill up TC. Root given as *rgyang < *gryang (Coblin 1986).རྒྱོབ་རྒྱོབ་LZ. gives as the present to རྒྱག་རྒྱོར་རྒྱོར་CD. To kill CD.སྒག་སྒག་LZ, CD, TC. བསྒགས་LZ, TC.བསྒག་LZ, TC.ཁོག་LZ.སྒོགས་TC.TC. TC.མནའ་སོགས་LZ. To ravish, to copulate; to embrace in sexual union CD. To bind, to tie, to fasten TC.སྒང་སྒང་CD, ND, DK. བསྒང་CD, DK. བསྒོངས་ND.བསྒང་CD, ND, DK.སྒོངས་ND. སྒངས་DK.ND.གང་NWH.ཟས་སོགས་ND. To grow, become full (Cs.) CD. To cause to fill DK. Compare ཁེང་, སྐོང་, འགེང་.སྒབ་སྒབ་LZ, CD, TC. སྒོབ་DK.བསྒབས་LZ, DK. བསྒབ་TC.བསྒབ་LZ, DK, TC.སྒོབས་LZ, DK. སྒོབ་TCTC. TC.འགེབས་[CD], (Coblin 1986).འདྲི་དང་སྲི་སོགས་LZ. To cover CD. To cause to cover or to spread over; to cause to wear or patch DK.1. To cover, to conceal. 2. To protect TC. Compare the noun ཁེབས་ 'a cover'.སྒར་སྒར་DK, TC. བསྒརད་DK. བསྒར་TC.བསྒར་DK, TC.སྒོརད་DK. སྒོར་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To dip fry; to solidify in oil DK. 1. To condense, solidify. 2. To attach, to fit, to insert TC.སྒལ་སྒལ་CD. འགེལ་[Coblin 1986]. To carry a load (on one's back), to cause a load to be carried on the back of a beast of burden CD. Compare the noun ཁལ་ 'a load, burden'.སྒུག་སྒུག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. TD gives bsgrub, an obvious manuscript error.སྒུགས་TD, LZ, CD, NDB, DK, DS, TC. སྐུགས་NDA.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306).རྗེས་ལ་TD, གྲོགས་པོ་སོགས་ LZ, ལམ་དུ་ ND. To wait CD, DK. To wait for TC. This word may be a causative formed on a stem *gug. Perhaps it is cognate to འགུགས་པ་ 'to summon' and འགུགས་པབ་པོ་ 'one who is summoned, a waiter' (Coblin 1986).སྒུར་སྒུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུརད་LZ, DK. བསྒུར་TC. སྒུར་[DS].སྒུར་LZ, [DS]. བསྒུར་DK, TC.སྒུརད་LZ, DK. སྒུར་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.རྐེད་པ་སོགས་LZ. To become afraid CD. To cause to bow down, to bend down DK. Of the body, to bend forward DS. To bend, to bend down TC.སྒུལ་སྒུལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུལད་ LZ, ND, DK. བསྒུལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྒུལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒུལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྒུལ་DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 248).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགུལ་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ལག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ, གྀཡོ་བའི་ND. To move, agitate, put in motion CD. To shake; to cause to move DK. 1. To make something move, or shake. 2. To cause a transformation DS. To move, to shake, to agitate TC.སྒེག་སྒེག་CD. (Goldstein 2001) To brag, boast (Cs.) CD. To be charming, graceful (Goldstein 2001)སྒོ་སྒོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒོ་LZ, [CD], ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒོས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགོ་(Chang 1971: vii.18) (Duff, def. 2 )དྲི་བཟང་སོགས་སྐྱིས་LZ, དཀའ་དང་དུས་ར་དྲི་མ་སོགས་༼྄༽ ND. (obsolete) To say; to speak, (mostly) to bid, to order CD. To order; to cause to be predisposed; to be habituated DK. 1. To make one thing to stick to or contaminate another thing. 2. To teach to another DS 1. To command, to order, to exhort, to instruct. 2. To be contaminated, to be polluted TC.CD lists the fut seperatley with definition 'to rub with; to apply on'. (Chang 1971: vii.18) only gives the definition 'to soil, stain, defile, infect with disease'.སྒོག་སྒོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒགས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒོགས་ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.མནའ་ ND. To make one swear (Cs.) CD. To make one swear; to cause to take an oath DK. 1. To bind tightly. 2. To restrict, prohibit. 3. To coerce, force, compel DS. To take an oath, to swear an oath TC.སྒོང་1སྒོང་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. . བསྒངས་TD, LZ, DS. བསྒོངས་ CD, DK, (DS), TC.བསྒང་TD, LZ, DS. བསྒོང་ CD, DK, (DS), TC.སྒོངས་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྒོང་ CD.TD, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). DS, TC.ཟན་སོགས་TD, ཟས་སོགས་དང་གཅིག་ཏུ་LZ. To make in tea balls to eat [sic], to make round balls of dough (Cs.). CD. To make a globular mass: to heap; to make paste for food DK. To make into a ball (barley flower &c.) DS.To make into a ball TC.སྒོང་2སྒོང་DS, TC. སྒོང་[DS].བསྒོངས་ TC.སྒོང་[DS].བསྒོང་ TC.སྒོངས་TC TC. DS, TC. To load firewood &c. on to a fire DS. (dialect) To heap fuel onto a fire TC.སྒོངས་སྒོང་CD.སྒོངས་CD. To hide; to conceal (a thing) (Sch.) CD.སྒོབ་སྒོབ་DK. gives as the present of སྒབ་.སྒོམ་སྒོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒོམ་ CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གོམས་[Duff].ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་TD, ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིནད་སོགས་LZ, ཏིང་འཛིན་ND. 1. (originally) to fancy, imagine. 2. (now, with accusative and dative) To meditate, contemplate systematically. 3. (with accusative and terminative, or with double accusative) To have; to entertain; to reproduce (in one's mind) CD. To meditate, to practice meditation; to cultivate in meditation DK. To bring to memory again and again in the mind DS. To meditate TC.སྒོར་སྒོར་LZ, CD, ND, DS. བསྒརད་LZ, ND. བསྒར་ CD, DS.བསྒར་LZ, CD, ND, DS.སྒོརད་LZ, ND. སྒོར་ DS.ND, DS.DS.བུ་རམ་སོགས་LZ, བུ་རམ་ND. 1. To boil down; to condense by boiling. 2. To turn on a lathe (Jä) CD. 1. To make syrup by boiling down tree sap. 2. (dialect) To invert a vessel DS.སྒྱང་སྒྱང་LZ, DS. སྒྱོང་ND. བསྒྱངས་LZ, ND, DS. བསྒྱང་LZ, NDA, DS. བསྒྱོང་NDB.སྒྱངས་LZ, ND. སྒྱོངས་DS.DS.DS.འགྱང་NWH.དུས་སོགས་LZ. རིང་དུ་ ND. To cause a delay DS. Compare འགྱངས་སྒྱིང་སྒྱིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བསྒྱིངས་TC. བསྒྱིངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྱིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྱིངས་TC. སྒྱིངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS. TC.འགྱིང་[CD], (Duff).ཉམས་ཀྱིས་རྣམ་པར་LZ, སེང་གེ་རྣམ་པར་ ND. To yawn, to gape CD. To display emotion through physical posture DK. To yawn and to stretch out the limbs when tired.2. To straighten. 3. To leap, jump, to be erect. 1. To sigh, to stretch the limbs. 2. To straighten. 3. To leap, to jump, to act haughtily TC.སྒྱུར་སྒྱུར་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྱུརད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྱུར་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྱུར་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྱུརད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྒྱུར་DS, TC.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱུར་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.20-21), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཆོས་སོགས་TD, ཆོས་སོགས་དང་ཆོས་ཀྱིས་LZ, དབང་དང་སྐད་མདོག་བོན་ཆོས་ ND. 1. To transform, alter, change, to correct; translate; revise. 2. To cast aside; dissuade, divert; to turn; to cause to turn. 3. To govern, steer, control (sgyur) CD. To multiply, increase (bsgyur) CD. To translate; to change; to transform; to multiply DK. 1. To change, transform (method, essence, characteristic, direction, &c.). 2. To translate. 3. To take control, power. 4. To make various kinds of sound appear (from an instrument &c.). 5. To multiply. 6. To show various styles of body (as in dance &c.). 7. To drive away, expel, repel, reverse DS. 1. To change, to transform, to alter. 2. To translate, to interpret. 3. (math) To multiply, times, fold TC.སྒྱེལ་སྒྱེལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྱེལད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྱེལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྱེལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྱེལད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྒྱེལ་DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱེལ་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.20), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).རྩིག་པ་སོགས་TD, ཤིང་དང་གྱང་སོགས་ LZ, ཀན་རྐྱལ་དང་པར་ལ་ NDB.གན་རྐྱལ་དང་ཕར་ལ་NDA. To throw down, to overturn, to lay or put down (a bottle, a book); to thwart (the charm of an enemy); to kill (Jä) CD. To cause to fall down; to cause to break down, to overturn DK. To cause to a person or upright thing to lie horizontally DS. To cause to fall down, to bring down to overthrow, to thwart, to be thrown down TC. Compare དགྱེལ་སྒྱོང་སྒྱོང་CD. བསྒྱོངས་CD.བསྒྱོང་CD. 1. To fill, to stuff (a sausage). 2. (colloquial in West) to put into (the pocket) CD. Perhaps originally = སྒོང་ 'to hide' CD.སྒྱོང་2སྒྱོང་ND gives as the present of སྒྱང་སྒྲང་སྒྲང་CD, DK, DS. give as the present to སྒྲོང་སྒྲད་སྒྲད་DK. gives as the present of བསྒྲད་སྒྲལ་སྒྲལ་CD. 1. To cut into small pieces, viz. the picture of an enemy one wishes to destroy (Jä). 2. To pass over or travel upon a river or sea CD.སྒྲིག་སྒྲིག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲིག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིག་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲིག་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).གྲལ་དུ་TD, གོ་རིམ་སོགས་ LZ, ཆོ་ག་དང་བྲལ་ལ་ ND. To arrange in order or row, to lay or put in order, to arrange, adjust; to put or fit together; to join (the separate parts), to compile (books), to stitch close [sic](books etc.) CD. To put in order; to arrange or to rectify DK. 1. To arrange in a certain plain, order. 2. To collect in one place. 3. To mutually agree, be in one house DS. 1. To arrange, to put in order, to align. 2. To compile, to collect, to edit, to assemble, to join together TC.སྒྲིན་སྒྲིན་LZ, DK, DS (archaic), TC. བསྒྲིནད་LZ, DK. བསྒྲིན་ DS, TC.བསྒྲིན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིནད་LZ, DK. སྒྲིན་DS, TC.DS, TC. TC.ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. To have a competition; to cause to compete or to compare DK. (archaic) To contest for victory DS.To rival, compete with, to compare TC.སྒྲིབ་སྒྲིབ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིབས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲིབ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིབས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིབ་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲིབ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)འོད་སོགས་TD,ཟླ་ཉི་སོགས་ LZ, ཡོལ་བས་ ND. To obscure; to cover, to darken, defile CD. To cover, to hide by covering, to hide DK. To cover, hide, create an obstacle for seeing something DS. To obscure, to cover, to conceal TC.སྒྲིམ་སྒྲིམ་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིམས་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིམ་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲིམས་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.TD, ND, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲིམ་ (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).བློ་དང་སྐུད་པ་སོགས་TD, རིག་པ་དང་སྐུད་པ་སོགས་ LZ, རིག་ལས་སྐུད་པ་ NDB. རིག་པ་ལས་དང་སྐུད་པ་NDA. 1. To hold fast; to force or twist together; to endeavor; (Cs.) to squeeze in, crow in, (Sch.) to be confused CD. To concentrate; to exercise the mental power on; to pay attention; to spin or twist the threads together, to entwine DK. 1. To tightly spin (rope, thread &c.). 2. To be intelligent, careful DS. 1. To concentrate, to focus. 2. To twist together TC.སྒྲིལ་སྒྲིལད་LZ. སྒྲིལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྲིལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྲིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྒྲིལ་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲིལ་[CD], (Róna-Tas 1978: 359), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). འཁྲིལ་ NWH.ཐིག་སྐུད་སོགས་LZ, མར་ལ་དང་གཅིག་ཏུ་ ND. To make a roll of, to roll, wrap up; to wind into a spool CD. To fold, to wrap up; to cause to fold or roll up; to combine DK. 1. To make something roll. 2. To roll up, make into a ball. 3. To twist, braid, spin (rope and thread) DS. 1. To twist, to wind. 2. To combine, to muster. 3. To stuff. 4. To barter, to convert currency, to exchange currency, exchange merchandise. 5. (math) To convert lower digits into higher numeric places TC.(Rona-Tas 1978: 359) calls འདྲིལ་ 'to be turned, rolled round, twisted into a thing.' the 'passive' of this verb, in addition he suggests a connection to the adjective ཧྲིལ་པོ་ 'round, globular, close, dense' and the noun རིལ་བ་ 'scroll'.སྒྲུག་སྒྲུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུག་CD.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276).རྡོ་བ་སོགས་LZ, ཤིང་སོགས་ND. To collect, gather, pluck, pick CD. To collect; to pick up DK. 1. To gather, collect. 2. (in some dialects) To take care of, preserve DS. To pick up, to gather, to collect TC.སྒྲུང་སྒྲུང་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུངས་CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲུང་CD, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲུངས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To mix, to invert, to feign (Cs.) CD. To cause to purify DK. To absorb, having been wet in water DS. To dissolve TC.སྒྲུན་སྒྲུན་LZ, CD (archaic), ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུནད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྲུན་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྲུན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲུནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྒྲུན་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.འགྲན་[CD].ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་LZ, འབྲན་པའི་ ND. 1. To resound; to reply in the same tone; to rival. 2. To compare; emulate, vie, contend with (Cs.) CD. To have competition; to compete; to compare DK. To compete, rival DS. To rival, to compare TC.སྒྲུབ་སྒྲུབ་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུབས་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུབ་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུབས་KYT, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུབ་CD.KYT, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 247),[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲུབ་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ཆོ་སྒྲུབ་སོགས་TD, ཆོ་ག་དང་ཚེ་སྒྲུབ་སོགས་LZ, བྱ་བ་ཆོས་སོགས་ ND. To complete, finish, carry out, accomplish CD. To carry out; to accomplish; to perform DK. 1. To do an action. 2. To judge the truth, having presented arguments and scriptural citations. 3. To take on the means of religion DS. 1. To attain, to do, to perform, to carry out, to execute. 2. To procure, to gain to acquire through effort. 3. (logic) To prove, to affirm, to establish, to establish a proof. 4. (math) To calculate, to find the value of, to make. 5. To attain, to practice religion, to perfect TC.སྒྲེ་སྒྲེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲེ་CD.བསྒྲེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འགྲེ་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).རིགས་པས་གོང་འོག་སོགས་LZ, རིགས་ ND. To repeat; to put or place in order; put together; collate CD. To yoke; to apply the same method DK. 1. To compare a known situation in order to know a similar situation. 2. To churn something inside a liquid (such as water) DS. To collate, to juxtapose, to assimilate TC.སྒྲེག་སྒྲེག་CD. སྒྲེགས་CD. To belch CD.སྒྲེང་སྒྲེང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲེངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲེང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲེངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲེང་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲེང་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.19), [Coblin 1986], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).རྒྱལ་མཚན་TD, རྒྱལ་མཚན་སོགས་LZ, རྒྱལ་མཚན་དར་སོགས་ND. To lift, hoist, rise up CD. To make stand up, to make erect DS. To erect, to raise up, to hoist TC.སྒྲོ་སྒྲོ་CD, DS. བསྒྲོས་CD, DS.བསྒྲོ་CD, DS.སྒྲོ་CD, བསྒྲོས་DS.CD, DS.DS, TC. To debate, discuss, chatter freely CD. 1. 'go bar bya pa'i [to make into a head], e.g. 'go nad mi la ma bsgo. 2. To speak to others (e.g. a teacher to students) DS.སྒྲོག་1སྒྲོག་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲགས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲག་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲོགས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲག་CD. སྒྲགས་CD.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲགས་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).དམ་ཚིག་དང་དྲིལ་བུ་TD, དམ་ཚིག་དང་བཀའ་ཤོག་སོགས་ LZ, སྐད་སྒྲ་ ND. To call, shout forth, publish, proclaim, declare CD. To read; to announce; to declare; to proclaim, promulgate DK. 1. To make a large noise. 2. To make known to all by speaking from the mouth or presenting in writing DS. To call out, to shout out, to roar, to proclaim, to read aloud TC.སྒྲོག་2སྒྲོག་DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲོགས་DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲོག་DK, DS, TC.སྒྲོགས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To mend; to re-stitch DK. To bind with a rope &c. the feet and hands of men and cattle DS. 1. To sew, to stitch. 2. To tie, to fasten, to attach TC.སྒྲོང་སྒྲོང་ TD, LZ, ND, TC. སྒྲང་CD, DK, DS. བསྒྲངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲོང་CD. སྒྲོངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC. TC.བགྲང་NWH. གྲངས་དང་ཕྲེང་བ་སོགས་TD,གཞན་གྱིས་གྲངས་སོགས་LZ, གྲངས་སུ་ND. To enumerate; to reckon up separately CD. To make someone count DK. To count, calculate, find out by working with numbers DS. To deem, to consider, to estimate, to count TC.སྒྲོད་སྒྲོད་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བསྒྲོད་LZ, ND, TC.བསྒྲོད་LZ, ND, TC.སྒྲོད་LZ, ND, TC.TC. TC.བགྲོད་[CD], [DS].ཕན་ཚུན་LZ, ལམ་ལ་NDB, ཤིང་ཁམས་ལམ་སོགས་NDA. (rare) To go CD. (in some དག་ཡིག་ 'spelling primers' a way of spelling བགྲོད་) 1. To go. 2. 'dod spyadDS. To engage in sexual intercourse TC.སྒྲོན་སྒྲོན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲོན་CD, DS, TC. བསྒྲོནད་ND, DK.བསྒྲོན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲོནད་ND. བསྒྲོནད་DK. སྒྲོན་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ན་བཟའ་ND. To cover, lay over, adorn, decorate; to light, kindle CD. To cause to wear or put on DK. 1. To set on fire. 2. (honorific) To ornament with ornaments, have wear attire DS. 1. (honorific) To offer. 2. (honorific) To wear. 3. (honorific) To report. 4. (honorific) To lay out, to set out. 5. To light a fire, to kindle, to ignite, to set fire to TC.སྒྲོལ་སྒྲོལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲལ་KYT, CD, DS, TC.བསྒྲལད་KYN, TD, LZ, DK. བསྒྲལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲོལ་KYT, KYN, DS, TC. སྒྲོལད་ TD, LZ, DK.KYT, KYN, TD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259). རྒལ་ [Beyer 1992: 85]དགྲ་དང་འཁོར་བ་TD, དགྲ་བོ་དང་འཁོར་བ་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To save, rescue, deliver; to set free; to liberate CD. To save, rescue; to set free; to liberate DK. 1. To set free from (fear &c.). 2. To sentence to death DS. To liberate, to free, to deliver, to release, to cross over TC.བརྒྱགས་བརྒྱགས་DS.བརྒྱགས་[DS].བརྒྱགས་[DS].DS. 1. To be satisfied with food and drink. 2. (of bodily flesh) To be fatty, corpulent DS. Compare རྒྱགས་བརྒྱལ་བརྒྱལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. རྒྱལ་DK.བརྒྱལད་LZ, DK.བརྒྱལ་[DS], TC.བརྒྱལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བརྒྱལ་LZ. རྒྱལད་DK.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དུག་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. 1. To fall down senseless; to lie senseless, to sink down unconscious, to faint. 2. To howl, of a fox (Sch.) CD. To become unconscious; to faint; to become weary; to tire DK. To become unconscious; to faint; to become weary; to tire DS. To faint, to become unconscious TC.བརྒྱུད་རྒྱུད་[CD], DK. བརྒྱུད་ LZ, DS, TC.བརྒྱུད་LZ, [CD], DK, [DS], TC.བརྒྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱུད་DK. ཨྀ TC. བརྒྱུད་ LZ.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. DS.གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ LZ. To descend; to send, arrive by way of; to do indirectly; to continue without interruption DK. 1. (trans.) To pass many stages. 2. (intr.) A. To pass through a place on one's way somewhere else. B. To transmit consecutively DS.To pass through, to conduct, to transmit, to pass down, to hand down, through care of, by way of TC.བསྒོམ་བསྒོམ་ND. བགོམས་ND.བགོམ་ND.བཀོམས་ND.ND.གོམ་པས་ND. a baffling list of principal parts, presumably he has conflated སྒོམ་, and བགོམ་.བསྒྱིངས་བསྒྱིངས་TC gives as the present to sgying.བསྒྲང་བསྒྲང་CD.གྲང་NWH. To cause to get cold CD.བསྒྲད་སྒྲད་DK. བསྒྲད་LZ, CD, [DS], TC.བསྒྲད་LZ, DK, TC.བསྒྲད་LZ, DK, TC.བསྒྲད་LZ.སྒྲད་DK. བསྒྲོད་TC.TC. TC.བགྲད་NWH.མིག་སོགས་LZ. To open wide CD. To cause to open (eyes, mouth &c.) DK. To open the eyes wide (alternate orthography of བགྲད་) DS. 1. To open wide. 2. To set apart, to spread open TC.བསྒྲལ་བསྒྲལ་CD. To pass, cross over CD. perhaps a specialization of སྒྲོལ་, or a varient of རྒལ་.
ང་ངར་ ངར་DK, DS, TC. ངརད་DK. ངར་[DS], TC. ངར་DK, [DS], TC.ངརད་DK. ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To strengthen the mental power; to be vigorous; to be active DK. To become increasingly hot DS. To be encouraged, to be inspired, to be stimulated, to be excited, to be inflamed TC.ངལ་ ངལ་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ངལད་LZ, DK. ངལ་TC. ངལ་LZ, DK, TC.ངལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ལུས་སོགས་LZ. To be fatigued, wearied, prostrate with exercise of the body CD. To feel tired; to be weary DK. To be tired, to be exhausted TC.ངུ་ ངུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ངུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ངུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ངུ་LZ. ངུས་DK, DS, TCDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཉམ་ཐག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To cry, weep CD. To cry; weep DK. 1. To shed tears and make a noise of suffering because of pain, illness, or sadness. 2. To make a noise like crying, sobbing DS. To weep, to cry TC.ངུར་ ངུར་CD, DS, TC. ངུར་[DS], TC. ངུར་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. སྔུར་[CD]. To grunt (of pigs and yaks) CD. For a yak or dri to make a sound DS. To grunt (used of pigs and cattle) TC.ངེར་ ངེར་TC. ངེར་TC. ངེར་TC. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.(li yung khrang 1988). To growl, to snarl, to roar (used of dogs and so forth) TC.ངེས་ ངེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ངེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ངེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ངེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). བློ་ལ་LZ. To be the sum of a mathematical calculation, i.e. to hold it as a certain result CD. To be confirmed; to be certain DK. 1. To hold in mind having come to know. 2. To decide, resolve DS. To determine, to ascertain, to be certain; (preceded by a verb) will, would certainly do; to must, to ought to [sic] TC.ངོམ་ ངོམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ངོམས་CD, DK, TC. ངོམ་ [DS]. ངོམ་DK, [DS], TC.ངོམས་DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To satisfy one's self with gain, to be contented CD. To be satisfied; to be content; to quench DK. To show and make other understand your own qualities and merits DS. To show off TC.ངོམས་ ངོམས་ND, DS, TC. ངོམས་ND, [DS], TC. ངོམས་[DS], TC.ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To be satisfied, appeased DS. To be satisfied, to be satiated TC.དངང་ དངང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དངངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྔངས་CD. དངང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དངངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TCDS, TC.DS, TC. ཡིད་སོགས་LZ. 1. To be out of breath, to pant, to feel oppressed (e.g. when plunged into cold water, but especially when frightened and terrified). 2. To be frightened, to fear, to be afraid of CD. To suffocate, to be out of breath; to choke, to be frightened DK. Same as སྔངས་DS. To gasp, to pant [out of fear]. 2. To be afraid, to be terrified TC. Perhaps not to be separated from སྔང་ I have given དངངས་ND, and སྔངས་CD in both places. See note at སྔང་.དངར་ དངར་LZ, CD, DK, TC. དངརད་LZ, DK. དངར་TC. དངར་LZ, DK, TC.དངར་LZ. དངརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. གོ་རིམ་སོགས་ལེགས་པར་LZ. To put in order, arrange properly CD. To put in order, to put in a line, to arrange properly; to line up or to be in a line DK. To line up, put in rows TC.དངོམ་ དངོམ་LZ. དངོམས་LZ. དངོམ་LZ.ངོམས་LZ.(Goldstein 2001). ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. To boast, to show off (Goldstein 2001).མངག་ མངག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངག་LZ. ཨྀND. མངགས་DK, DS. མངོགས་ TCND.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227), (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Erg. Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227). གཞན་དུ་LZ, ལས་ལ་ND. To commission, charge, send, delegate (a messenger commissary &c). CD. To send a delegate or a message; to give instructions, to keep as a servant DK. To entrust, commit someone to go to do an action DS. 1. To entrust, to assign, to commission, to appoint. 2. To send, to dispatch TC.མངན་ མགན་CD. To curse, to execrate (Jä) CD.(Stein 1942: 317-218) connects this with the adjective ངན་ 'evil'. He notices the alternate spelling མ་ངན་ 'accursed' of a nominal use in Gesar, and suggests mngan is a contraction of མོ་ངན་ 'evil woman.' Other dictionaries DS, TC list the word only as an archaic noun 'sin, fault.' མངའ་1 མངའ་CD, ND, DK, DS. མངའ་ND, DK. མངའ་DK.མངའ་DK.[Abs. Obl.] 'to have dominion over' (Hackett 2003). [Obl. Abs.] 'to have' (Hackett 2003). 1. To own, possess. 2. (honorific) To be, exist CD. To own, possess; to have something in mind, to have knowledge of; to remember DK. To be (ཡོད་), to have (ལྡན་) DS.མངའ་2DS. To be (ཡོད་), to have (ལྡན་) DS.མངར་ མངར་LZ. མངར་LZ. མངར་LZ.མངར་LZ.(Hoshi 2003). བཟའ་བའི་རོ་སོགས་LZ. [To be ] sweet(Hoshi 2003).མངོན་ མངོན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངོནད་LZ, DK. མངོན་ND, [DS], TC. མངོན་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.མངོནད་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རྟགས་མཚན་སོགས་LZ, མཐོང་བའི་ND. To be evident, to appear clearly CD. To manifest, to observe, to become visible DK. To become clear DS. To become clear, to become visible, to become evident, to appear TC.རྔ་ རྔ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔད་[CD]. བརྔས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྔོས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). བཙས་མ་སོགས་TD, རྩྭ་དང་བཙས་མ་སོགས་LZ, བཙས་མ་ ND. To mow, reap, cut with a sickle CD. To mow, reap; cup with a sickle; harvest DK. To cut down grain DS. To cut, mow, harvest TC.རྔན་ རྔན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. རྔོན་DS. བརྔནད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྔན་CD, DS, TC བརྔན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྔན་LZ, DK. རྒནོནད་ND. རྔོན་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. མཆོད་པ་དང་ནོར་སོགས་LZ, གླ་རྡན་ ND. To pay hire to, to pay wages or remuneration; (sometimes) to bribe, corrupt (rngan) CD. To honor, worship (brngan) CD. To reward; to award; to give a present, to give a prize; to bribe DK. To give a person salary for work performed DS. To bribe TC.རྔབ་1 རྔབ་CD, DK, [DS], TC. བརྔབས་DK, TC. བརྔབ་[CD]. བརྔབ་DK, TC.རྔབས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. 1. To be hungry, to be greedy, have a craving appetite. 2. (cf. རྣམ་) to crave, to desire earnestly; acc (Jä) CD. To feel greedy; to crave DK. (archaic) To be hungry DS. 1. To be hungry. 2. To be greedy for, to crave for, to have an appetite for TC.རྔབ་2 རྔབ་CD 3. (In West) To mow, reap, cut down with a sickle CD. Compare རྔ་རྔབ་3རྔབ་DS. gives as the present of སྔབ་རྔམ་ རྔོམ་LZ, ND, (TC). རྔམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྔམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྔམས་DK. རྔོམ་LZ. རྔོམས་ ND, DS. ཨྀTC.ND, DS. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ལུས་སྲོག་སོགས་ལ་LZ. དགྲ་དང་ལས་ལ་ND. 1. To rage at; be furious; devastate. 2. To breathe violently, to pant for, to desire ardently CD. To feel greedy, to crave DK. To be angry DS. To want, to crave, to be desirous of. 2. To be hostile, to be ferocious TC.རྔམ་ རྔམ་DS. རྔམ་[DS]. རྔམས་[CD]. རྔམ་[DS].DS. To hunger, crave [CD]. To thirst for, crave DS.རྔུབ་ རྔུབ་LZ, CD (archaic), ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྔུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. དུ་བ་སོགས་LZ, ཁ་སྣ་རུ་ ND. To draw in, inhale, breathe in CD. To breathe, to inhale, sniff DK. To draw inside the mouth (breath, smoke &c.) DS. To sip, to inhale, to breath in TC.རྔུལ་1 རྔུལ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. རྔུལད་LZ, DK. རྔུལ་[DS], TC. རྔུལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྔུལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. སྨན་དང་དུབ་པས་LZ. To perspire DK. To sweat, perspire DS, TC. རྔུལ་2 རྔུལ་CD, DK བརྔུལ་CD. བརྔུལད་DK. བརྔུལ་DK.རྔུལད་DK.རྔུལ་1[DK] To sweat, perspire CD. To cause to perspire DK.རྔོ་ རྔོ་CD. To be able (Cs.) CD.རྔོད་ རྔོད་TD, CD, DS, TC རྔོ་(TD), ND, DK, TC. རྔོས་(TD) བརྔོས་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔོད་[CD] བརྔོད་TD, CD, DS, TC . བརྔོ་(TD), (CD Jä, Cs.), ND, DK, TC.རྔོས་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྔོད་ CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC., (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227).nghö(macron)ö(grave) (Chang 1971: ii.5, see note). ནས་སྲན་སོགས་TD, ཡོས་ND. To parch (barley, wheat, or rice); to bruise, to roast; to fry (e.g. meat in a pan) (rngod)CD. (barley) To be cropped (Situ 77) (brngod) CD. To roast barley, fry meat, &c. DK. Having put (foot &c.) in a frying pan to heat and cook DS. To parch, to roast, to fry TC. The spoken Tibetan non-causative nghöö has no written Tibetan correspondent, and may be a secondary derivative, formed by analogy to such pairs as pâr 'to cause to be increased', phâr 'to be increased' (Chang 1971: ii.5).རྔོད་ རྔོད་TD, [CD?], DK, TC. བརྔོད་TD, CD, DK, TC. བརྔོད་TD, DK, TC.བརྔོད་TD, DK, TC.TD, TC. TC. གཞན་སྒྱུ་བབས་ཀྱིས་དྲིང་པ་TD. (acc. to Cs.) To desire (rngod) CD. To seduce, deceive (Situ 75) (brngod pf.)CD. to seduce; deceive DK. To delude, deceive TC.རྔོན་ རྔོན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བརྔོནད་LZ, DK. བརྔོན་CD, DS, TC. བརྔོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྔོན་LZ, DS, TC. རྔོནད་DK.DS, TC.DS, TC. རི་དྭགས་སོགས་LZ. 1. To pursue wild beasts, to hunt. 2. To seduce, especially to sensual indulgences (Jä) CD. To hunt; to chase wild animals for killing DK. To catch and slay a beast DS. To hunt TC.རྔོན་2རྔོན་DS gives as the present of རྔན་.རྔོབ་ རྔོབ་CD. To do, to be able (vide རྔོ་) CD.རྔོམ་རྔོམ་LZ, ND, (TC). give as the present of རྔམ་.སྔ་ སྔ་CD, DS. སྔས་CD. སྔ་ [DS]. སྔ་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS. To be the first, to come first, to be beforehand CD. To happen at a certain early time DS.སྔག་སྔག་CD, DS. give as the present of བསྔགས་སྔང་ སྔང་DK, DS. དངང་ ND. སྔངས་CD, DK, DS. བསྣངས་ND. སྔང་DK, DS. བསྔང་ND.སྔངས་ND, DK. ཨྀND. སྔོངས་ DS.DS.ND.DS, TC. སྐྲག་པའི་(-) ND. བྲེད་པའི་(sngangs) ND. 1. To be out of breath, to pant, to feel oppressed (e.g. when plunged into cold water, but especially when frightened and terrified). 2. To be frightened, to fear, to be afraid of CD. To fear; frighten; suffocate DK. To be suddenly afraid DS.ND lists this verb twice, his conjugation seems unlikely but compare སྦྱིན་ / བྱིན་. I would like to see three verbs: (1) སྔང་, སྔངས་, སྔང་, སྔནགས་ (2) སྔང་, བསྔངས་, བསྔང་, སྔངས་, (3) དངང་, དངངས་, དངང་, དངངས་ but the evidence does not warrant.སྔབ་ སྔབ་DS. རྔབ་ (DS). སྔབ་[DS]. རྔབ་[(DS)]. སྔབ་[DS]. རྔབ་ [(DS)].DS. To very much crave DS.སྔམ་ སྔམ་LZ, DS. བསྔམ་LZ. སྔམ་[DS]. སྔམ་LZ, [DS].སྔམ་LZ.DS. དབུགས་སོགས་LZ. To breath deeply DS.སྔལ་ སྔལ་DK. བསྔལ་CD. བསྔལད་DK. བསྔལ་DK.སྔལད་DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be faint or exhausted (Cs.) CD. To exhaust, to cause to be weary DK.སྔས་སྔས་DK. gives as the present of བསྔས་.སྔུར་ སྔུར་LZ, CD. བསྔུརད་LZ. སྔུར་LZ.སྔུརད་LZ. ངུར་[CD]. གཉིད་ཀྱིས་LZ. To snore CD.སྔོ་1 སྔོ་KYT, KYN, TD, CD (Cs.), ND, DK, DS, TC. སྔོད་ CD. བསྔོས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྔོ་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྔོས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). རྒེ་རྩ་སོགས་TD, དགེ་བ་ND. I. To bless, pronounce benedictions. 2. To design, intend (sngo) CD. To make a firm resolve to go the way of Nirvana, or do any act of piety (bsngos) CD. To dedicate one's virtue; to transfer, multiply DK. 1. To give or send with the mind. 2. To explain the reason DS. To calculate, to enumerate, to estimate, to investigate TC.སྔོ་2 སྔོ་CD (Cs.), DK, TC. སྔོད་ CD. བསྔོས་CD, DK, TC. བསྔོ་CD, DK, TC.སྔོས་CD, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC. To become green CD. To make blue DK. To become blue or black TC.སྔོག་ སྔོག་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྔོགས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྔོག་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྔོགས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.ND, CD, DS, TC, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). སྐྱོན་དང་མཚང་སོགས་LZ, འཁྲུགས་པའི་སྐྱོ་ND, སྨྱུ་གུ་སྣག་ཚར་NDB, སྙུ་གུ་སྣག་ཚར་NDA. To vex, annoy, cause petty irritation, disturb from rest CD. To excavate, search; find out, discover a mistake DK. 1. To speak critically (mtshang dang skyon rjen par bshad pa) 2. To dig, excavate DS. To rummage through, to search, to empty out, to extract TC.སྔོག་སྔོག་ND gives as the present of བསྔག་.བརྔད་ བརྔད་CD. བརྔབ་ (CD def. 1) 1. To crop barley. 2. To tempt (Situ 77). 3. To seduce deceitfully (a woman or man) (Sch.); to draw out; distill; extract the juice of CD.བརྔབ་བརྔབ་CD. gives as a present of བརྔད་བརྔོག་ བརྔོག་CD. To point out another's faults; seek out faults; to search for a lost article CD. probably a xylograph error for bsngog future of སྔོག་.བསྔགས་ བསྔགས་LZ, DK, TC. སྔག་ CD, DS. སྔགས་ CD. སྔོག་ ND. བསྔགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྔགས་LZ, DK, TC. བསྔག་ CD, ND, DS.བསྔགས་LZ, DK, TC. སྔོག་ CD. སྔོགས་ ND, DS. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ངག་ 'speech, talk, word' (Chang 1971: ii.4). ཡོན་ཏན་དང་བཀས་LZ, བསྟོད་པའི་ ND. To praise, commend, extol, recommend CD. To praise, eulogize DK. To speak well of a man, deed, or thing DS. To praise, to eulogize, to glorify TC.བསྔས་ སྔས་DK. བསྔས་CD, DS. བསྔས་, DK. {DS]. བསྔས་DK, [DS].སྔས་DK.DS.ངས་ 'pillow, cushion'NWH. To place the head or body upon a cushion, to recline CD. To rest on a pillow; to lean on or support DK. One's own body not falling down is supported by another object DS.
ཅ་ཅན་ ཅན་DS. To have, posses DS.DS is wrong to think of this as a verb, rather than a nominal suffix NWH.ཅེར་ཅེར་LZ. gives as the present of འཆེར་. ཅོག་ ཅོག་CD. To have leisure CD.DS, and [Li shi'i gur khang] consider this to be particle added to the reduplicating a sentence final particle, meaning ཐམ་ཅད་ 'all' or ཡོད་ཙད་ 'quality'ཅོང་ ཅོང་CD. To raise wailings, loud lamentations CD.CD probably infers this verb from the word གཅོང་སྐད་ 'a cry, lamentation' which may also be spelled ཅོང་སྐད་.གཅར་1 གཅར་LZ, DS. བཅརད་LZ. བཅར་ DS. གཅར་LZ, DS.གཅོརད་LZ. གཅོར་ DS.DS.DS. གམ་དུ་ LZ. In the presence of, near to DS.གཅར་2 གཅར་DS. གཅར་DS. གཅར་DS.གཅོར་DS.DS.DS. To hit or strike DS.གཅལ་ གཅལ་CD. To spread, display; lay out (e.g. precious stones, jewels on a table or the ground (Jä)). CD.probably the substantive གཅལ་ 'flat, surface'.གཅི་ གཅི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཅིད་ CD. གཅིས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅིས་(DK). གཅི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅི་(DK).གཅི་LZ, DK. གཅིས་ CD, (DK), DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.གཅིན་ 'urine'NWH. གཅིན་LZ. To discharge urine, to make water; to piss CD. To urinate DK, DS, TC . Root gci (= gti) < *gtsyi < *g-tsi < *tsi (Beyer 1992: 83).གཅིར་ གཅིར་DS, TC. བཅིར་DS. གཅིར་ TC. གཅིར་DS, TC.ཆིར་DS. གཅིར་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To press flat DS. To squeeze, to press TC (Duff).འཆིར་ and འཚིར་གཅིལ་གཅིལ་CD, DS. གཅིལ་[DS]. གཅིལ་[DS].DS. To spoil, destroy (Sch.) CD. To cut (meat &c.) with a knife DS.གཅིས་ གཅིས་ND. གཅིས་ND. NDAA seems to have gces, a carvo. ND. a variant present for གཅི་?གཅུ་ གཅུ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. གཅུད་ CD, DK. གཅུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅུས་ND. ལྕུས་CD. གཅུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ལྕུ་ CD.ཅུས་LZ, ND. འཆུས་ DK. གཅུས་ DS, TC.ND, DC, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྐེ་དང་གྱས་གྱོན་དུ་LZ, ལག་པས་ ND. To squeeze, strain, whirl, turn round like the twisting of a screw (gcud) CD. To turn, to turn round, to twist, to twine, to plate, to braid (gcu) CD. To twist, to turn aside DK. To make something change from being straight DS. To twist around, to wring, to screw in TC (Duff).གཅུགས་ གཅུགས་LZ, DS. གཅུགས་LZ, [DS]. གཅུགས་LZ, [DS].གཅུགས་LZ.DS.DS. མཛའ་གྲོགས་སོགས་དང་LZ. 1. (intrans.) To be emotionally close, in harmony. 1. (trans.) To love DS.གཅུད་ གཅུད་DS. གཅུད་[DS]. གཅུད་[DS]. DS. To wrap, enclose inside of something DS.གཅུན་གཅུན་CD, ND give as a present of འཇུན་གཅུར་ གཅུར་LZ, ND, TC. བཅུར་CD. འཇུར་DS. འཆུར་[TC]. གཅུརད་LZ. བཅུརད་ND. བཅུར་DS, TC. གཅུར་LZ, ND, DS. བཅུར་ TC.ཆུརད་LZ. ཅུརད་ND. ཆུར་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཕུག་དང་དཀའ་སར་LZ, ཕུག་ཏུ་ND. 1. To be flattened down (Sch.). 2. (colloquial) To bar, obstruct, block up by snow obstructing a roadCD. To become helpless DS. 1. To squeeze into, inside some place. 2. To be trapped, helpless TC (Duff). Compare འཇུར་ and 'ཆུརད་གཅུས་ གཅུས་CD. To interfere, to meddle with (Nag) CD.གཅེམ་གཅེམ་DK. gives as the present of བཅེམ་གཅེར་ གཅེར་DK. བཅརད་DK. བཅར་DK.གཅེརད་DK. To squash, squeeze DK. Compare བཅེར་གཅེས་ གཅེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅེས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC. གཅེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཅེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རང་གཞན་ལ་LZ. To have attachment, to love CK. To feel sympathy or pity for DS. To value, cherish, prize, respect TC.གཅོག་ གཅོག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅོག་LZ, DS. གཅག་ ND, DK, TC.གཅོག་LZ. ཅོག་ ND, CD, TC. ཆོགས་ CD, DK, DS, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འཆག་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259). སྒོ་ང་དང་རྡོ་སོགས་LZ, རྡོ་སོགས་ND. To break, to burst asunder, to cleave, to split, blast, to violate CD. To break, split DK. 1. To break something hard into many pieces. 2. To recover from illness. 3. To not respect, not comply, not agree to. 4. To make fewer DS. 1. To break, split, fragment. 2. To oppress, to suppress. 3. To reduce, deduct, lower. 4. To contradict, to break a pledge, to disobey TC. གཅོང་ གཅོང་CD. བཤོངས་CD. 1. To excavate, wash out, undermine through the action of water. 2. To get faint, languid wearied in mind (Jä) CD. Compare གཤོང་གཅོད་ གཅོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཆོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅོད་ CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཆད་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). ཤིང་སོགས་ TD, སྲོག་དང་དོན་ཐག་སོགས་ LZ, གྲི་ཚར་སྟངས་དང་ནམ་འཕང་ཐ་ག་དང་མཆཨམས་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ND. To cut, to cut asunder, to cut down, to fell; (variety of metaphorical uses) stop, hinder, judge, avoid, lock, to wake from sleep CD. To hew or cut; to decide a case DK. 1. To cut a long thing into a short one. 2. To settle, determine. 3. To follow pursue something gone earlier. 4. To examine a circumstance and come to have knowledge. 5. To sever, stop, cut off. 6. To quite (a bad habit &c.). 7. To block, obstruct. 8. To kill. 9. To break off a previous mutual connection. 10. To annihilate, get rid of. 11. To arrive at a goal. 12. To understand a profound meaning having analyzed and argued. 13. To block of the end (of a hole &c.) by stuffing in something round DS. 1. To cut, to shear, to shave off. 2. To kill. 3. To intervene, to interrupt. 3. To give up, to abandon, to stop, to break off. 5. To close, to block off, to impede. 6. To establish, to determine. 7. To implement, to execute, to exact. 8. To explore, to investigate, to pursue. 9. To differentiate, to discriminate, to scrutinize, to analyze, to discern. 10. To traverse, to arrive after a journey TC.གཅོམ་གཅོམ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. གཅོམས་LZ. བཅམ་ ND. བཅམས་ DS, TC. འཆམས་DS. གཅོམ་LZ, བཅམ་NDB, TC.གཅམ་ NDA. བཅོམ་DS.ཅོམས་LZ. འཆོམས་ND, DS. གཅོམས་ TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. གྲོས་སོགས་ LZ, གྲོས་ ND. (archaic) To negotiate DS. To promise, to make a promise or contract TC.གཅོར་ གཅོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅོར་LZ. བཅརད་LZ, ND. བཅར་ [CD], DK, DS, TC. གཅར་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བཅར་ LZ, ND.གཅོརད་LZ, DK. བཅོརད་LZ. ཅོརད་ NDA. ཆོརད་ NDB. ཆོར་ DS. གཅོར་ TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྐུ་མདུན་སོགས་སུ་(gcor) LZ, མིག་སོགས་ (bcor) LZ, མིག་སོགས་ ND. To spread, scatter, disperse (Cs.) (gcor) CD. 1. To squeeze to press. To crowd, to throng. 2. To pull or force down, to wrest (bcar) CD. To maker closer, to cause to meet DK. To squash, squish DS. 1. To go to meet, to approach, to draw near. 2. To crush, to squeeze TC.གཅོལ་ གཅོལ་TC. གཅོལ་TC. གཅོལ་TC.གཅོལ་TC.TC.TC.འཆོལ་(Duff). To scatter, to disperse, to cause disruption TC.བཅས་ བཅས་DS. བཅས་[DS]. བཅས་[DS].DS. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). To have DS.བཅའ་བཅའ་DS gives as the preset of འཆོས་1བཅིར་བཅིར་LZ. gives as the present of འཆིར་བཅུ་བཅུ་LZ,CD. give as the present of འཆུ་བཅུམ་ བཅུམ་CD. (= བསྐུམ་ also བཟུང་) 1. To become contracted. 2. (acc. Sch.) To use artifices; to chicane CD.བཅུར་བཅུར་CD. gives as the present of གཅུར་.བཅེམ་བཅེམ་LZ, TC. འཆེམས་ CD (archaic). གཅེམ་ DK. བཅེམས་LZ, CD, DK, TC.བཅེམ་LZ, CD, DK, TC.བཅེམ་LZ. གཅེམས་ DK. བཅེམས་ TC.TC.TC. སོ་ཡིས་བཅའ་བ་སོགས་LZ. To chew (Medical, Jä) CD. To crush with teeth; to squash or press together DK. To chew TC.བཅེར་ གཅེར་[CD], བཅེར་ CD, DS, TC. བཅེར་TC. བཅེར་TC.TC. TC. 1. To heap, to pile up; collect in one place. 2. To glare at. 3. (colloquial = བཅིར་) to squeeze, press CD. (archaic) To heap, pile up DS. To heap, to pile up TC. Root bcer < *btyer < *bter (Beyer 1992: 84) cf. gter 'treasure.'བཅོ་བཅོ་CD. བཅོས་CD.བཅོས་CD. (properly the root of the future tense of འཆོས་, but in the West the usual word for བྱེད་) To make, to perform CD.བཅོག་བཅོག་CD. To reduce, cut down CD.བཅོར་བཅོར་LZ. gives as the present of གཅོར་ལྕིགས་ལྕིགས་DS, TC. ལྕིགས་[DS], TC. ལྕིགས་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS TC. To be able, capable DS.To understand, realize TC.ལྕེབ་ ལྕེབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ལྕེབས་LZ, DS, TC. ལྕེབ་LZ, DS, TC.ལྕེབས་LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. བྲག་གྱང་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To kill oneself, to commit suicide. 2. (used of insects that fly into a flame) CD. To end ones own life DS. To commit suicide (especially by jumping off a high place), to take one's own life TC.ལྕོགས་ ལྕོག་CD. ལྕོགས་ CD, DS, TC. ལྕོགས་DK, [DS], TC. ལྕོགས་DK, [DS], TC.ལྕོགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. 1. To be agitated, shaken, to tremble. 2. To be able CD. To be able, capable DS. To have time for or to have time to. 2. To handle, to be able to cope TC.
ཆ་ཆ་ ཆས་ LZ, DS, TC. ཆ་CD, DK, (TC). ཆས་LZ, CD (see def.), DK, [DS], TC. ཆ་LZ, DK. ཆས་ [DS], TC.ཆོས་LZ. ཆས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). གཞན་དུ་ LZ. 1. To adorn, bedeck, wear (S. Lex). 2. (archaic) To go away, to start, to leave (a place) (cha) CD. (ཆས་, originally the past of ཆ་ but always used as a separate verb) 1. To set forth, depart. 2. To prepare for, to set about, to start (chas) CD.To go, to compose DK. To go on a path DS. To go, to set out, to depart TC. Jä. gives this as the normal verb 'go' in the west, the past and imperative song having replaced chas. ཆག་ཆག་TC gives as the present of འཆག་ཆགས་1 ཆགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཆགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཆགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཆགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, [Hoshi 2003].DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འདོད་ཡོན་ལ་LZ. 1. To be fond of, to be attached to, to love; to cling to. 2. To be begotten, produced CD. To be attached to, to rest upon, to love, to lust DK. To become attached to, to be loyal to etc. DK. To become desirous, to feel loyal &c. DS. 1. To be attached to, to be in love. 2. To be situated, to be settled TC.ཆགས་2 ཆགས་TC. ཆགས་TC. ཆགས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003). TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117). To become, to occur, to form, to be created, to come into being TC.ཆགས་3 ཆགས་(Takeuchi 1995: 49). (Takeuchi 1995: 49). [Abs All.] (Takeuchi 1995: 49). A loan of (something abs.) was made to (someone all.) (Takeuchi 1995: 49). Takeuchi appears to understand this verb as a specialization of the preceding.ཆགས་4 ཆགས་(Takeuchi 1995: 49). (Takeuchi 1995: 49). [Erg. Abl. Abs.] (Takeuchi 1995: 49). (in Old Tibetan) To borrow (something abs.) from (someone abl.) (Takeuchi 1995: 49). as frequently occurs in Old Tibetan the allative can substitute for the ablative in this construction (Takeuchi 1995: 49).ཆད་ ཆད་CD. 1. To open, to separate, liberate, to give out. 2. To promise, bind one's self. 3. To be descended from; to be born of or with (generally with ནས་ or ལས་) CD.ཆས་ཆས་ LZ, DS, TC. give as the present to ཆ་ཆིབས་chibs ND. gives as the present to འཆིབ་ཆུག་ཆུག་DK. ཆུགས་DK.ཆུག་DK.ཆུགས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To come under; to be included DK. To allow (Hackett 2003). To be able to distinguish, tell the difference (Hoshi 2003).ཆུད་ ཆུད་CD, DS, TC. འཆུད་DK. ཆུད་DK, [DS], TC. འཆུད་DK. ཆུད་[DS], TC.ཆུད་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To get into, to enter, to put into, insert CD. To get in; to be included, admitted DK. 1. To fit, hold inside. 2. To congregate in. 3. To be certain, confident in mind. 4. To finish preparations DS. 1. To be included, to get into, to be inserted. 2. To understand. 3. To fit, to hold, to have room TC. Compare འཇུད་ཆུན་ ཆུན་CD. To bunch or bundle together CD.ཆུབ་ ཆུབ་ND, DS, TC. ཆུབ་[ND], [DS], TC. ཆུབ་[ND], [DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To understand, comprehend DS. To be perfected, to have perfect comprehension, to comprehend, to master TC.ཆུམ་ ཆུམ་CD (archaic), TC. ཆུམ་[TC]. ཆུམ་[TC].TC. To be frightened, also to shrink CD. To shrink in fear, to cower TC.ཆེ་ ཆེ་CD. ཆེས་CD.(Hoshi 2003). [To be great] CD.Root che (= the) < *thye < *the (Beyer 1992: 83).ཆེས་ ཆེས་TC. ཆེས་TC. ཆེས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To believe (used with ཡིད་) TC.ཆོག་1 ཆོག་CD, DK, TC. ཆོག་DK, TC. ཆོག་DK, TC.ཆོག་DKTC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be permitted, to be allowable (in books generally with the instrumental particle). 2. To suffice, to be sufficient CD. To be permissible; to be allowed DK. 1. To be sufficient, to suffice, to be enough. 2. To be suitable, to be fit for, to be ready, to be able, to be permitted, to be allowed TC.ཆོག་2 ཆོག་DS. To be suitable, appropriate, acceptable DS.ཆོད་ ཆོད་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཆོད་DK, [DS], TC. ཆོད་DK, [DS], TC.ཆོད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). 1.To be cut off. 2.To be decided, settled fixed. 3. To cover over, to put into shade CD. To cut off; to be decided DK. 1. (of an action) To be able to perform it. 2. To cut off DS. To be cut off, to be separated, to be broken off TC.ཆོམ་ ཆོམ་CD, TC. ཆོམ་TC. ཆོམ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be finished, accomplished (in West, Jä) CD. To be subdued, to be vanquished, to be overcome, to be beaten down TC.མཆི་ མཆི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཆིས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཆི་LZ, DK, DS, TC.མཆི་LZ. མཆིས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྐྱབས་འོག་སོགས་སུ་LZ. (elegant) To come, to go CD. To take refuge, shelter, to take asylum, to go for protection DK. To go or come DS. (archaic) To go TC.མཆིད་ མཆིད་LZ. མཆིད་LZ. མཆིད་LZ.མཆིད་LZ. འཕྲོས་པ་འོས་རིགས་LZ. possibly a variant of མཆེད་.མཆིས་ མཆིས་[CD],DK, TC. མཆི་ DS. མཆིས་DK, DS. མཆིས་DK. མཆི་ DS.མཆིས་DK.DS.[Obl. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To be; to have DK. To exist, posses, to stay DS. To be, to exist TC. as a copula verb stems should not be differentiated. མཆེད་ མཆེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཆེད་LZ, [ND], DK, [ND], TC. མཆེད་LZ, [ND], DK, [ND], TC.མཆེད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ [ND], TC.[ND], TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). མེ་ལྕེ་སོགས་ LZ. To spread, gain ground, increase, multiply (seldom used except for fire, plague &c.) CD. To spread over, to increase DK. To rapidly grow greater, spread DS. To spread, to increase, to become widespread TC.མཆོག་ མཆོག་ND. མཆོག་[ND]. མཆོག་[ND].ཨྀ [ND][ND] Probably a verbal use of the adjective 'excellent, fine'.མཆོང་ མཆོང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཆོངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཆོང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.མཆོང་LZ. མཆོངས་ DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. བྲག་གྱང་སོགས་ལ་LZ. 1. To leap, jump. 2. To bathe in water CD. To jump; leap DK. To leap DS. To jump, to leap, to leap across TC.མཆོད་ མཆོད་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཆོད་KYN, LZ, [ND], DK, [DS], TC. མཆོད་KYN, LZ, [ND], DK, [DS], TC.མཆོད་KYN, LZ, DK, TC.KYN, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137).[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ལྷ་སོགས་LZ. To honor, worship CD. To offer, to worship; to respect or praise; to eat DK. 1. To lay out food in remembrance of the dead. 2. To burn in a fire, or scatter to the sky, or spread on high food &c. in a superstitious liturgical procedure thought to make offerings to gods and demons. 3. (in Buddhism) To religiously offer food &c. DS. To offer, to worship, to make offerings. 2. (honorific) To eat, to drink, to wear TC.མཆོར་ མཆོར་LZ, ND. མཆོརད་LZ. མཆོར་ ND. མཆོར་LZ, [ND].མཆོརད་LZ. ཨྀ [ND].[ND]. གོས་རྒྱན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To be elegant, well appareled NWH. A verbal use of the adjective.མཆོལ་ མཆོལ་ND. མཆོལ་ND. མཆོལ་[ND].ཨྀ[ND].[ND].འཆག་1 འཆག་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཆགས་ CD. བཅགས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅག་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཆོགས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཞབས་ཀྱིས་ TD, LZ, ND. To tread, walk, move CD. 1. To walk, to visit. 2. To wash a new cloth DK. To step on, to walk DS. 1. To walk on, to step on, to treat, to visit, to travel. 2. To reduce, to slow down. 3. (dialect) To beat gently, to pat TC.འཆག་2 འཆག་CD, DK, DS. འཆེག་CD. ཆག་ TC. ཆག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཆགས་ CD. འཆག་DK, DS. ཆག་ TC.ཆག་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཅོག་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259) 1. To break, be broken. To cut in twain, cleave, split. 2. To abate, beat down from the price CD. To be broken DK. 1. To break apart, be broken. 2. To not do what was to be done at a certain time [i.e. to be interrupted]. 3. To decrease, become less DS. To break, to fragment, to be broken. 2. To be interrupted TC.འཆག་3 འཆག་DS. འཆགས་DS. འཆག་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. 1. For one thing to be on top of another thing 2. To cover or stick to the outside of something DS.འཆགས་ བཤགས་LZ. འཆགས་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆེག་CD. བཤགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཤགས་LZ. བཤག་CD, DS, TC. བཤགས་ DK.བཤགས་LZ. ཤོགས་(LZ). ཤོག་CD, DS. འཆགས་ DK. བཤོགས་ TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). སྡིག་པ་སོགས་LZ. 1. To explain, lay open. To confess, to acknowledge (Jä). 2. To be afraid of CD. To confess, to lay one's heart open and speak DK. 1. Having recognized and regretted past sins, to commit not to do them. 2. (of water &c.) To move [splash?] DS. To confess, to admit TC.འཆང་ འཆང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཅངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཅང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. ཆོངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. ཆོང་ CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཡིད་དང་ལུས་ལ་ TC. རང་སེམས་དང་ལུས་ལ་ LZ. ལག་ཏུ་ ND. 1. To hold, to take hold of, to keep, to bear. 2. To carry, wear. 3. To have, to assume (e.g. body of a goddess). 4. To bite, bark at CD. 1. To hold with the hand. 2. To hold in mind without forgetting DS. To hold, to grasp to seize, to maintain, to assume. 2. To keep in mind, to retain TC.འཆད་1 འཆད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཆད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཆད་ LZ. འཆད་ DK, DS, TC.ཆད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཅོད་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). སྲོག་དང་ཐག་པ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To cut into pieces, to decay, to break off, separate, to break asunder. 2. To cease, end, stop, die CD. To be broken off, be cut off; to discontinue; to be tired DK. 1. For a long thing to break into pieces. 2. To separate into many sections. 3. To be omitted, discarded. 4. To degenerate, decay, cease to exit DS. To be interrupted, to be broken, to be cut off. 2. To be incomplete, to be missing TC. Compare (Takeuchi 1995: 223).འཆད་2 འཆད་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤོད་ TC. བཤད་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཤད་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤོད་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཆོས་དང་གཏམ་སོགས་ LZ. བོན་ཆོས་གཏམ་ ND. To explain CD. To speak, tell, mention DK. 1. To explain verbally. 2. To give an commentary or exegesis. 3. To speak of good and evil DS. To discourse, to teach, to explain, to speak TC.འཆབ་ འཆབ་LZ, CD (archaic), ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཆོབས་LZ. ཆོབ་ CD. འཆོབས་ND, TC. འཆབས་DK. ཆོབས་DS.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. ལྷུང་བ་སོགས་ LZ. ཉེས་པ་ ND. To conceal, to keep secret CD. To conceal, to hide DK. To keep a misdeed secret DS. To conceal, to hide, to keep secret TC.འཆམ་1 འཆམ་CD, DK, DS. འཆམས་ TC. བཅམ་CD. འཆམས་DK, DS, TC. འཆམ་DK, DS. འཆམས་TC.འཆམས་DK. འཆོམས་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003). To dance CD, DS,TC. To dance; to take a walk DK. འཆམ་2 འཆམ་CD. འཆམས་ TC. བཅམ་CD. འཆམས་ TC. འཆམས་ TC. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To accord, to agree CD. To get along with, to agree with, to be compatible TC. Root given as 'cham (= '?Sham) < *'thyam < 'tham 'grasp, embrace, join' (Beyer 1992: 84).འཆའ་1 འཆའ་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.བཅས་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཆས་CD. བཅའ་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཆོས་ LZ, CD, ND, DS. འཆའ་DK. འཆོས་TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To draw up, prepare, construct, adjust. 2. (with དམ་) To make a vow, to promise, assert. 3. (with ཞེན་པ་ or ཆགས་པ་) To be attached to CD. 1. To make. 2. To vow, take an oath DK. 1. To resolve, determine (rules &c.) 2. To make a place for staying, supporting.3. To promise, take an oath DS.1. To establish, to draw up, to construct, to invent, to prepare. 2. To uphold, to promise, to keep TC. Compare འཆོས་.འཆའ་2 འཆའ་TC. བཅས་TC. བཅའ་TC. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be settled down, to be established, to be set up, to be made TC.འཆའ་3 འཆའ་CD, DS,TC. འཆོས་DS, TC. འཆའ་DS, TC. འཆོ་ DS. འཆོས་TC. CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). གནས་སོགས་ LZ. གནས་དང་ཁྲིམས་དམ་གཏོར་མ་ ND. To snap at, mangle, gnaw CD. To chew, to gnaw, to bite TC. To chew hard food with the teeth DS.འཆར་ འཆར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཤར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཆར་LZ. ཤརད་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཤར་ 'east' NWH. ཉེ་ཟླ་སོགས་དང་བློ་ལ་ LZ. To arise, to start up, become visible, shine CD. To rise, to start DK. 1. (for the light of sun, moon, or stars) To spread, come out from the snyom thig of the east. 2. For the flower of a fruit tree to bloom. 3. (of a new era) To arrive. 4. To know or remember. 5. To reflect in a mirror &c. DS. 1. To arise, to emerge, to occur, to dawn, to bloom. 2. To become. 3. To recollect. 4. To be calculated, to be given, to be left (made in an arithmetic calculation) TC. འཆལ་ འཆལ་CD, DS, TC. འཆལད་ DK. ཆལ་DK. འཆལ་[DS], TC. འཆལ་DK, [DS], TC.ཆལད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To loose one's wits, to be confused, to be in disorder. 2. To hesitate, fluctuate in mind, be irresolute. 3. To fornicate, to commit adultery CD. To be out of order, to be disorderly or to be in a state of confusion DK. 1. To deteriorate in good activity of body and speech. 2. To deteriorate in understanding. 3. To be slanted (of a wall face) DS. To lose control, to be or become deranged. 2. (dialect) To tilt, to be unstable. 3. To be promiscuous, to fornicate TC.འཆི་ འཆི་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཤི་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆི་DK, DS, TC.ཤི་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To die, to expire, to go out (as light, fire) CD. To die, to end one's life DK. For a life to end DS. 1. To die, to perish. 2. To expire, to die out, to perish TC.འཆིང་1 འཆིང་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འཆིངས་DK. བཅིངས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅིང་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཆིངས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཆིངས་CD. འཆིང་CD.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཞགས་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ TD. ཐག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. དམ་དུ་ ND. To bind, tie up, make fast, exorcise CD. To tie with a rope, bind DK. 1. To tie (a rope &c.). 2. To be a rule, standard DS. To bind, to tie, to fasten TC.འཆིང་2 འཆིང་DK. ཆིངས་DK. ཆིང་ (DK). འཆིང་DK.ཆིངས་DK. To be tied, fasted; to be unruly DK.འཆིབ་ འཆིབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆིབས་CD. ཆིབས་ ND. བཅིབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅིབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཆིབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Byams pa rdo rje 1996), [Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཆིབས་ 'horse' (Beyer 1992: 111) རྟ་སོགས་ LZ. རྟ་སོགས་ལ་ ND. (respectful) To mount a horse or carriage CD. To ride a horse, &c. DK. (honorific) to ride a horse DS, TC.འཆིར་ བཅིར་LZ. འཆིར་(CD), DK, TC. ཅིར་ (CD). བཅིརད་LZ. བཅིར་(CD), DK, TC. བཅིར་LZ, TC. གཅིར་DK.བཅིར་LZ. འཆིརད་DK. འཆིར་TC.TC.TC. རླན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To press, squeeze CD. To squeeze, press, interrogate DK. To squeeze, to press, to wring out TC.Root chir (= thir) < *tshyir < *tshir (Beyer 1992: 83). Compare གཅིར་ and འཚིར་.འཆིར་ འཆིར་DK. ཆིར་DK. འཆིར་DK. ཆིརད་DK. To go in between; to be pressed DK.འཆུ་1 འཆུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅུ་LZ,CD. བཅུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཅུ་LZ.ཆུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅུས་LZ.CD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC. ཆུ་ 'water' (Simon 1971: 474), (Beyer 1992: 111). དབྱིབས་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོགས་སུ་ ('chu) LZ. ཆུ་དང་ཇ་སོགས་(bcu) LZ. ཆུ་སོགས་ ND. To scoop up, to ladle (water), to irrigate, to water ('chu) CD. 1. To draw out water, to irrigate. 2. To distill (Situ 75) (bcu) CD. To draw out water, to fetch water DK. To pick up sand, water &c. with a ladle &c. and pour it into a vessel DS. 1. To fetch with a vessel. 2. To loose appetite. 3. (archaic) To plunder TC. related to the noun བཅུད་ 'humor, elixir' (Stein 1942: 205). Related to the nouns chab 'water' and bca 'drink' by ablaut (Simon 1971: 474).འཆུ་2 འཆུ་CD, DK, DS. འཆུས་ TC. འཆུས་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆུ་DK, DS. འཆུས་ TC.འཆུས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be twisted, distorted CD. 1. To be crooked, to be distorted, twisted. 2. To lose one's appetite DK. 1. To loose appetite. 2. To become crooked or in the shape of a twisted conch DS. To be or get twisted, to sprain, to be or get sprained TC.འཆུག་ འཆུག་ND, DK, DS, [TC]. འཆུགས་ND, DK, DS. འཆུག་ND, DK, DS.ཨྀND, DS. འཆུགས་DK.ND, DS.DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). དོན་སོགས་ ND. To be mistaken, to be in a wrong direction DK. To make a mistake, to be confused (similar to འཕྱུག་) DS. To make a mistake, blunder, go wrong (alternative orthography of འཕྱུག་) TC. Compare འཕྱུག་.འཆུགས་ འཆུགས་[TC]. (Skorupski 2001). (archaic) To settle a dispute TC.འཆུད་འཆུད་DK. gives as the present of ཆུད་འཆུན་1 འཆུན་CD, DK, TC. ཆུན་DK, TC. འཆུན་DK, TC.ཆུནད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.འཇུན་(Beyer 1992: 112).འཆུན་པ་ 'under one's control' CD. To be tamed, subdued, made to yield CD. To be under control, to be subdued, to be able to contain DK. To become tamed, to become disciplined TC.CD suggests this verb is a denominal use of the adjective འཆུན་པ་ 'under one's control'. འཆུན་2འཆུན་LZ gives as the present of འཇུན་. འཆུམ་ འཆུམ་LZ, CD, TC. འཆུམས་DK. འཆུམས་LZ, TC. ཆུམ་ DK. འཆུམ་LZ, DK, TC. འཆུམས་LZ. ཆུམས་ DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. རྒྱུ་ནོར་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To wish, to long for CD. 1. To be attached to. 2. To be frightened, to contract, to become small DK. To be attached to, to be fond of, to be addicted to. 2. To shrink, to shrivel TC.འཆུམས་ འཆུམས་DS. འཆུམས་[DS]. འཆུམས་[DS].DS. 1. To enforce a given command by force. 2. Having established authority to make someone listen DS.འཆུར་ འཆུར་TC. (Skorupski 2001). (archaic) To arrive TC.འཆུརད་ འཆུརད་DK. ཆུར་DK. འཆུར་DK.ཆུརད་DK. To be able to contain, to suffice in capacity DK. Compare གཅུར་.འཆུས་འཆུས་TC. gives as the present to འཆུ་2འཆེ་ འཆེ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆེས་LZ, DS, TC. བཅེས་ CD. ཆེས་ DK. འཆེ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བཅེ་ CD.འཆེས་LZ, DS, TC. ཆེས་ CD, DK. CD, DS, TC.DS, TC. འཆེས་[DK] དམ་བཅའ་བའི་ཆེད་ཁས་ LZ. To attest, to promise CD. To promise DK, DS. To promise, to make a promise, to affirm TC.འཆེག་འཆེག་CD. gives as the present of འཆག་2འཆེལ་ འཆེལ་(Hackett 2003). ཆེལ་(Hackett 2003). ཆེལ་(Hackett 2003).[Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003). To fixate (on), to be fixated (on) (Hackett 2003).འཆོར་1 འཆོར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཤོར་ (DK). ཤོརད་LZ, DK. ཤོར་ CD, DS, TC. ཤོར་LZ, DK. འཆོར་ DS, TC.འཆོར་LZ. འཆོརད་DK. ཤོརད་ (DK). ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[(Erg.)Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ལ་རྒྱ་དང་སྡོམ་པ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To escape, flee, steal away. 2. To flow out CD. To be let loose (a dog, &c.). 2. To lose, be stolen. 3. To escape, run away DK. 1. To escape from bondage. 2. To deteriorate, become weak. 3. To be unable to protect, or block. 4. To be unable to control the sense faculties DS. 1. To be robbed of, to be lost, to be deprived. 2. To make a slip TC.འཆོར་2 འཆོར་CD. བཤོར་CD. གཤོར་CD. To pursue, chase, go after CD.འཆོལ་1 འཆོལ་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅོལད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK. བཅོལ་ CD, DS, TC. བཅོལ་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཆོལད་KYN. ཆོལད་ LZ, ND, DK. འཆོལ་DS. ཆོལ་ TC. KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འཕྲིན་ལས་ LZ. ལམ་སོགས་ ND. To entrust, lay open, commit a thing to another's charge, to make, appoint CD. To entrust, rely upon DK. 1. To give something to another, and have him take care of it for some time. 2. To request another to attend to one's affairs in one's stead. 3. To have another attend to an affair having given something to another DS. To entrust, to charge with, to leave in someone's charge, to deposit TC.འཆོལ་2 འཆོལད་DK. འཆོལ་[DS], TC. ཆོལ་DK. འཆོལ་[DS], TC. འཆོལ་DK, [DS], TC.ཆོལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).[DS], TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be disorderly, to be in a state of confusion DK. Similar in meaning to འཆལ་DS. To be disorderly, to be mistaken, to be confused. 2. To totter, to stagger TC. Compare འཆལ་.འཆོས་1 འཆོས་LZ, CD (archaic), ND, DK, (DS), TC. བཅའ་ DS. བཅོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཆོས་CD. བཅོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བཅོས་ TC.ཆོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). གཏོར་མ་སོགས་ LZ. བཟོ་བོས་ ND. To make, make ready, prepare, construct, build CD. To make, manufacture, build DK. To make, prepare, make ready DS. To make, create TC. Compare འཆའ་1འཆོས་2 འཆོས་LZ. བཅོས་LZ. བཅའ་LZ.ཆོས་ LZ. ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ LZ. Doubtless identical to the previous.
ཇ་མཇལ་ མཇོལ་KYN. མཇལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཇལད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK. མཇལ་ DS, TC. མཇལ་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.མཇོལད་KYN, LZ. མཇོལ་ CD, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND. མཇལད་ DK. ND, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117).CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.DS. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). [Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). བླ་མའི་ཞལ་སོགས་ LZ. བླ་མ་ ND. (honorific) To meet, interview, wait on, pay ones respects CD. To have interviews, meet DK. (honorific) To meet DS. (honorific) To meet, see, visit TC.མཇེད་ མཇེད་DK, DS. མཇེད་DK, [DS]. མཇེད་DK, [DS]. མཇེད་DK.DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To cause to be intolerable, to be intolerable DK. To be irritating or unbearable DS.མཇོལ་ མཇོལ་KYN. gives as the present of མཇལ་. འཇག་ འཇག་CD. ཇགས་CD (Cs.). (Sch.) To establish, settle, fix, found CD.འཇགས་1 འཇགས་LZ, TC. འཇག་DK. འཇགས་LZ, DK, TC. འཇགས་LZ, TC. འཇག་ DK.འཇགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. གཏམ་སྙན་སོགས་ཡིད་ལ་LZ. To be settled, become calm DK. 1. To remain in the mind, to remember. 2. (honorific) to be seated. 3. To settle, to calm down, to become still, to remain unchanged TC.འཇགས་2 འཇགས་CD. ND, DK, DS. བཅགས་ND, DS. གཅགས་ [CD], DK. གཅགས་ND, DS. གཅག་ DK.ཆོག་ND. འཇགས་DK. ཆོགས་ DS.ND, DS.DS. ཡིད་ལ་ ND. To remember, keep in mind ('jags) CD. (A. K. 1. 24) 1. 1o apprehend, to grasp (with the understanding); to impress (generally with ཡིད་ལ་ 'on the mind'). 2. relative to persons it may be synonymous with ཆགས་པ་ 'to love' (gcags) CD. To keep in mind, to memorize DK. To bear in mind, hold in mind DS.འཇགས་3 འཇགས་CD. (in Central Tibet) To give, to make a present, to formally present (Georgi's Alphabetum Tibetanum ) CD.I find no entry for 'jags in the index of (Giorgi 2001).འཇང་ འཇང་CD, TC. འཇང་TC. འཇང་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To devour, swallow (Sch.) CD. To have diarrhea. 2. (archaic) To eat, to drink TC.འཇབ་ འཇབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཞབས་LZ, CD (probably), DK, (TC archaic). འཇབས་DS, TC. བཞབ་LZ, CD, DK (DS). གཞབ་ (DS), (TC archaic). འཇབ་ DS, TC.བཞོབ་LZ. འཇབ་(LZ). འཇབས་DK. འཇོབས་ DS, TC. བཞབས་(DS).DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཉམས་མ་ཚོད་བར་ LZ. 1. To sneak, slink, creep privily. 2. To lie in wait, in ambush CD. To hide, conceal DK. To act as to not be noticed by another DS. To hide, ambush, lie in wait for TC.འཇམ་ འཇམ་ND, (Hoshi 2003).གཞམ་ DK. འཇམ་ND. བཞམས་ CD, DK, [DS], [TC]. གཞམས་[(CD)], [DS]. བཞམ་ DK.ཨྀND.གཞམས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).To stroke, caress CD. To advise on religious practice, to give advice at the time of admission into the higher order of Buddhist monk-hood. To contain, subsume [TC]. 1. To be soft, smooth, quiet. 2. To cool down, become cold (Hoshi 2003).[DS] gives བཞམས་, and གཞམས་ as archaic equivalents of འཇམ་བོ་ 'soft, tender'. CD gives no indication of which stem his forms are assigned to.འཇའ་ འཇའ་CD, DK, TC. ཞ་DS, TC. ཞ་DK,[DS], TC. འཇས་TC. འཇའ་DK. TC. ཞ་[DS], TC. འཇའ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To bespeak, to concert, to confederate (Sch.) CD. To be maimed in feet or hands, to become lame, to be a cripple DK. To go lame DS, (zha) TC. To be lame, disabled, crippled, weak ('ja') TC.འཇར་ འཇར་CD, DK, [DS], TC. འཇརད་DK. འཇར་TC. འཇར་DK, TC.འཇརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. To stick together, to cohere CD. To go nearer, be nearer; to touch DK. (archaic) To patch, mend DS. 1. To hide. 2. To be close to, to associate with, to hand out with. 3. (archaic) To patch, to mend TC.འཇལ་ འཇལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅལ་KYT, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅལད་ KYN, TD, LZ, ND. གཞལ་ KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཇོལ་KYT, CD, DS, TC. འཇོལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND. འཇལད་ DK.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཚད་ཀྱིས་ TD. ཚད་དང་བུ་ལོན་སོགས་ LZ. བློ་ཡིས་ ND. 1. To weigh, measure, appraise. 2. To tax. 3. To pay, pay back, repay. 4. To ponder. CD. 1. To repay, give in return. 2. To measure, estimate, ascertain DK. 1. To account for whether a thing is heavy or light, long or short, many or few etc, with instruments. 2. To analyze and understand. 3. To pay (e.g. taxes, a loan) DS. 1. To measure, weigh. 2. To appraise, examine. 3. To repay, to return TC.འཇིག་1 འཇིག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞིག་LZ, CD, DK, TC. བཞིག་CD. འཇིག་[DS]. གཞིག་ [LZ]. འཇིག་ DK, [DS], TC.ཞིག་[LZ]. ཞིགས་ DK. ཨྀTC.TC.CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཇིག་2(Gyurme 1992: 261) བསྐལ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. To be lost, undermined, to decay, perish CD. To ruin, decay, to be destroyed, perish DK. To deteriorate, become nonexistent DS. To perish, decay, disintegrate, come to ruin TC.འཇིག་2 འཇིག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK., DS, TC. བཤིག་ CD. བཤིག་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཤིགས་ CD. བཞིག་ CD. གཞིག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བཤིག་ TC.ཞིག་TD, LZ. ཤིག་ CD, ND, TC. ཤིགས་ DK, DS.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཇིག་1(Gyurme 1992: 261) རྫ་འུམ་སོགས་ TD. མཁར་དང་བྲག་སོགས་ LZ. བྲག་སོགས་ ND. (Rdo. 46) To destroy, to devastate, to devour, to abolish, to do away with, dissolve (an encampment) CD. To destroy, break into pieces DK. 1. To tear down. 2. To not adhere to, not support; to destroy, ruin, annihilate: 3. (dialect) To undo, untie DS. To destroy, exterminate, demolish TC.(Skorupski 2001) amends TC's future to གཞིག་. Compare ཤིག་1.ཇིག་3ཇིག་CD (Sch.). gives as an alternate present to འཇིབ་2འཇིགས་ འཇིགས་CD, ND, DK, TC. འཇིགས་ND, DK, TC. འཇིགས་DK, TC.འཇིགས་DK. ཨྀ ND, TC.ND, TC.TC.[Abs. Instr.] (archaic) CD. [Abs. Obl.] CD, (Hackett 2003). To fear, be afraid, be terrified CD. To be terrified, to be afraid of DK. To be afraid, to fear, to be terrorized TC.The supine is འཇིགས་སུ་ and not འཇིགས་པར་CD.འཇིབ་1 འཇིབ་LZ. འཇིབས་LZ. འཇིབ་LZ. འཇིབས་LZ. བཅུད་སོགས་ LZ.འཇིབ་2 འཇིབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཇིབས་CD. འཇིག་CD (Sch.) བཞིབས་LZ, CD, DS. གཞིབས་ CD, TC. བཞིབ་DK. གཞིབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཞིབ་ CD.ཇིབས་LZ. འཇིབས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ནུ་འཞོ་དང་རྐང་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To suck. 2. To taste, relish CD. To such juice, to suck with lips DK. 1. To draw (water &c.) inside with the mouth or nose. 2. To soak up DS. To suck TC.འཇིལ་1 འཇིལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅིལད་TD, LZ, ND. བཅིལ་ CD, DK, DS, TC. གཞིལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཅིལད་TD, LZ. ཆིལད་ ND. འཇིལད་DK. ཅིལ་ DS. ཆིལ་ TC.TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. ཉོན་མོངསཨོགས་ TD. མེ་དང་ཉོན་མོང་སོགས་ LZ. ཕྱིན་ལ་ ND. To expel, eject, remove, turn off CD. To take out, remove, give up DK. To put out (a fire) DS. To expel, to shed, to banish, to extract, to remove TC.འཇིལ་2 འཇིལ་CD, TC. འཇིལ་TC. འཇིལ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To shed blood CD. To be damaged TC.འཇུ་1 འཇུ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཇུས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཇུ་LZ, DS, TC. ཇུས་LZ. འཇུས་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. ལུས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. (used with ལ་ [Dag 8]) To seize, grasp, lay hold of CD. 1. To hold (with the hand). 2. (for a dog) To bite. 3. To save, spare DS. To hold, catch, grasp, seize TC.འཇུ་2 འཇུ་DS, TC. ཞུ་DS, TC. འཇུ་DS, TC. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To digest DS, TC.འཇུ་3 ཞུ་LZ. འཇུ་CD, ND, DK, DS. བཞུ་ TC. བཞུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཞུས་ CD. བཞུར་ TC (see note). བཞུ་LZ,CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཞུ་DK. ཞུས་ LZ, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཞུ་(Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff). མར་སོགས་LZ. མར་ཁུ་ND. To melt, digest CD, DK. To liquefy, melt down DS. To boil, liquefy, having set a fire TC.TC notices བཞུར་ as an alternate from Si tu sum rtag 'grel chenའཇུག་1 འཇུག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞུགས་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞུག་DK. འཇུག་DS, TC.ཞུགས་CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To go into, enter (generally used with terminative case, but sometimes occurs with la). 2. To begin, to set about (always coupled to participle by la) CD. 1. To enter or practice. 2. To follow or go DK. 1. To affix (a letter to a syllable). 2. To affix (a grammatical morpheme to a syllable). 3. To go, arrive DS. To enter, to join, to set out, to embark on TC.འཇུག་2 འཇུག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅུག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཇུགས་(CD). གཞུག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཆུགས་KYT, KYN, LZ, ND, DS. ཆུག་ TD, CD, DK, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC., (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hackett 2003).ཞུགས་(Gyurme 1992: 259). ནང་དུ་དང་བཏན་པལ་ TD. ཚོགས་དང་ནང་དུ་ LZ. ནང་དུ་ ND. 1. To put into, insert, infuse. inject. 2. To appoint, constitute, manifest, place out, settle. 3. To command, induce. 4. To permit, allow suffer (in sense 3 and 4 with the terminative case of root of verb [sic]) CD. 1. To put in, insert, to admit. 2. To cause to enter to make or to allow to do DK. 1. To make go inside from outside (e.g. sheep). 2. To put a thing in its container. 3. To be put in order, series (e.g. a student into a particular class). 4. An auxiliary verb indicating the double causative. 5 (when prefixed by ཁ་) To speak DS. 1. To insert, to place in, to put in, to infuse, to inject. 2. To introduce, to induce, to admit into, to induct, cause to enter. 3. To engage in, to participate, to undertake. 4. To encourage, to let, to permit, to allow, to cause to TC. Root given as jug (= ?xug) < *dzyug < dzug cf. 'dzugs (Beyer 1992: 84). 'jug < (='-d-zhug < *'zhug) NWH.འཇུད་ འཇུད་CD (archaic), DS, TC. (Skorupski 2001), (Goldstein 2001). [To go into, enter]CD. (archaic) To enter, put inside DS. (archaic) To cause to enter, to insert, to induce TC. Compare ཆུད་.འཇུད་2འཇུད་DK. gives as the present of བཞུད་འཇུན་ འཇུན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆུན་LZ. གཅུན་ CD, ND, DS, TC. བཅུནད་LZ, ND. བཅུན་ CD, DK, DS, TC. གཅུན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཞུན་ CD.ཅུནད་LZ, ND. གཅུནད་ DK. ཆུན་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཆུན་(Beyer 1992: 112). ཐགས་དང་སྔགས་དང་ཐབས་སོགས་('jun) LZ. གཡོག་འཁོར་སོགས་('chun) LZ. རྩད་ནས་ ND. (acc. Cs.) To subdue, make tame. To make confess. To make soft, soften. To punish (by words or blows). To convert CD. To subdue, control, subjugate, restrain DK. To make (someone or something) obey a command, using force DS. 1. To subdue, to take, to discipline, to shape. 2. (archaic) to keep in mind TC.འཇུན་ འཇུན་DS. འཇུན་[DS]. འཇུན་[DS]. DS. After having made a promise, or done a fault, to deny DS.འཇུམ་ འཇུམ་CD, ND, DK, TC. འཇུམས་DS, (TC). བཅུམས་ND, DS. བཅུམ་CD, (ND), DK, TC. འཇུམ་ CD (see note). གཞུམ་CD, TC. འཇུམ་ND. གཅུམ་DK. བཅུམ་DS.ཆུམ་ CD, TC. ཆུམས་ND, DS. འཇུམས་ DK.CD, ND, TC.CD, TC.DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ཆུད་དུ་ ND. Properly to cause to shudder, but frequently as neutral verb to contract CD. To make smaller, contract DK. To become shorter DS. 1. To contract, to shrink. 2. (archaic) To reduce pride TC.CD gives འཇུམ་ as the past in his main entry, but transliterates it as the impossible བཇུམ་, he lists བཅུམ་ separately as the past of this verb, and perhaps that is what was meant to appear in the main entry as well. འཇུམས་འཇུམས་DK. gives as the present of ཞུམ་.འཇུར་1 འཇུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཆུར་[TC]. བཅུརད་LZ. བཅུར་ CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅུར་LZ. གཅུར་ DK, DS, TC. ཅུརད་LZ. འཇུརད་ DK. ཆུར་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཇུར་མིག་དང་དཀའ་གནས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To draw tight. 2. (= འཛུར་) To evade, to shun, to go out of the way CD. To draw tightly, to channel, to discipline, control DK. To extrude, draw out (a metal wire) DS. 1. To interrogate, to discipline. 2. To draw through or into. 3. (archaic) to arrive TC. Compare གཅུར་.འཇུར་2 འཇུར་DS. འཇུར་[DS]. འཇུར་[DS].DS. For a part of something to emerge or protrude outside from a hole DS.འཇུར་3 འཇུར་DK. བཞུར་DK. གཞུར་DK.འཇུརད་DK. To tame, subdue; to check, examine; to draw tightly DK.འཇེབས་ འཇེབ་ND. འཇེབས་TC. འཇེབ་ND. འཇེབས་TC. འཇེབས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To be pleasing, to be agreeable TC.འཇེམ་ འཇེམ་ND. འཇེམ་ND. Probably a verbal use of the adjective འཇེམ་པ་ 'skilled, capable'.འཇོ་1 འཇོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཞོ་(CD). བཞོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཞོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞོས་LZ, ND, DK. འཇོས་CD, TC. གཞོས་ DS.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཞོ་ 'yoghurt' (Beyer 1992: 112 n.11) འོ་མ་སོགས་ LZ. འོ་མ་ND. To milk CD, DK. To take milk from the breast of a milch animal DS. 1. To yield, extract, to milk. 2. To satisfy, to fulfill. 3. To captivate, to bewitch TC.འཇོ་ འཇོ་LZ, DS. འཇོས་LZ. འཇོ་[DS]. འཇོ་LZ, [DS].འཇོ་LZ.DS. འདོད་པ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To satisfy, fulfill. 2. To rain, or many desires to be fulfilled DS.འཇོག་1 འཇོག་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཞག་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཞག་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཞོགས་KYT. ཞོག་ TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYT, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC., (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159)., (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hackett 2003).ཞགས་པ་ 'lasso'(Chang 1971: viii.3) གནས་སུ་ TD, ND. དམ་བཅའ་དང་གནས་སོགས་སུ་LZ. 1. To put, place, make a place, settle, to assign. 2. To leave, leave behind CD. 1. To keep in place. 2. To leave, give up DK. 1. For a thing to remain in its own place. 2. To give an example. 3. To make a success 4. To add, augment (e.g. ལུད་). 5. To go into retreat DS. 1. To fix, to settle, to keep, to place, to put down, to arrange. 2. To establish, to found, to make, to sign. 3. To leave or to have. 4. To leave aside, to put aside, to neglect, to reject TC.འཇོག་2 ཞོགས་LZ. འཇོག་CD, TC. ཞོགས་CD. བཞོགས་LZ, CD, TC. བཞོག་LZ. གཞོག་CD. TC.ཞོག་CD. ཞོགས་ LZ, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.མར་ཞོག་ 'a part cut off, one half of a mar ril (i.e. a globular piece of fresh butter)' (Chang 1971: viii.4). ཤིང་སོགས་ LZ. To cut, hew, to square (a pen, timber &c.); to carve, chip CD. To carve, plane, chip, strain TC.འཇོག་3 འཇོག་LZ. འཇོགས་LZ. འཇོག་LZ.འཇོག་LZ. ཐེམ་སྐས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ.འཇོག་4འཇོག་DS. gives as an alternate present to གཤག་.འཇོང་ འཇོང་TC. འཇངས་TC. འཇང་TC.འཇོངས་TC.TC.TC. To gulp down TC.འཇོམ་འཇོམ་DK. gives as the present of ཞོམ་འཇོམས་ འཇོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅོམས་ CD. གཞོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞོམ་ ND.ཆོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཆོམ་ CD, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཞོམ་NWH. བདུད་ཀྱི་དཔུང་སོགས་ TD. ཉོན་མོངས་དང་གྱུལ་སོགས་ LZ. འདུད་སོགས་ ND. 1. To conquer, subdue, put down, suppress. 2. To oppress, tyrannize over, plunder CD. To destroy, to put an end to, to conquer, defeat, quell DK. 1. To destroy, to defeat. 2. To annihilate, remove, cure DS. To subdue, to quell, to plunder, to defeat, to suppress, to damage TC.འཇོལ་2 འཇོལ་CD, DS, TC. འཇོལ་[DS], TC. འཇོལ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. 1. To hang down. 2. (for འབྱོལ་) To turn aside, to make way CD. To hang down, to dangle DS. To sag, to hand down, to drag down, to trail down, to dangle TC.རྗིད་ རྗིད་DK. རྗིད་DK. རྗིད་DK. རྗིད་DK. To become weak and thin, to decay, diminish DK. Compare རྗུད་. རྗུད་ རྗུད་DK. རྗུད་DK. རྗུད་DK. རྗུད་DK. To become weak and thin, to decay, diminish DK. Compare རྗིད་. རྗེ་ རྗེ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བརྗེ་ CD, DK. བརྗེས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྗེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྗེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྗེས་ CD.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 258), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 258), (Hackett 2003). དངོས་པོ་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་ LZ. ཕན་ཚུན་ ND. To change, barter, to give or take in exchange CD. To exchange, change DK. To exchange DS. To exchange, to change TC.རྗེད་1 རྗེད་CD (archaic), DK, DS, TC. བརྗེད་ LZ. བརྗེད་LZ,CD, TC. རྗེད་ DK, [DS]. བརྗེད་LZ, CD, TC. རྗེད་ DK, [DS].རྗེད་DK, TC. བརྗེད་ LZ.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྗེ་ 'master, lord' (Beyer 1992: 112 n. 11) བཅོལ་གཏད་སོགས་ LZ. To honor, reverence CD. To offer, to respect DK. (archaic) To pay compliments, respect DS. To respect, to venerate, to revere, to honor TC.རྗེད་2རྗེད་ CD, DS. give as a present of བརྗེད་རྗོད་1 རྗོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྗོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྗོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྗོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ངག་གིས་ TD. ངག་དངཨག་ཚིག་གིས་ LZ. ཚིག་ ND. To say, recite, pronounce, utter, announce, promulgate, enumerate, set forth CD. To express; to say, speak DK. To say, speak DS. To say, to tell, to express, to pronounce, to utter, to recount TC.རྗོད་2 རྗོད་(Hackett 2003). བརྗོད་(Hackett 2003). བརྗོད་(Hackett 2003).རྗོད་(Hackett 2003). [Obl. Abs.](Hackett 2003). To be expressed (by), to be called (Hackett 2003).ལྗེན་ ལྗེན་CD. To enter, penetrate CD.བརྗིད་ བརྗིད་CD, DK, TC. བརྗིད་DK, TC. བརྗིད་DK, TC.བཇིད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. [Obl. Abs.](Hackett 2003). To shine, glitter CD. To brighten, beautiful; to be glorious DK. To be majestic, to be mighty, to be splendid TC.བརྗེ་བརྗེ་DK. gives as the present of རྗེ་བརྗེད་1 བརྗེད་CD, DK, TC. རྗེད་ (CD), DS. བརྗེད་CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྗེད་CD, DK, DS, TC.བརྗེད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. [Obl. Abs.](Hackett 2003). To forget CD,DS, TC. To forget, to neglect DK.བརྗེད་2བརྗེད་ LZ. gives as the present of རྗེད་.
ཉ་ཉ་ ཉ་TC. ཉ་TC. ཉ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. (of celestial bodies) To be full TC.ཉན་1 ཉན་KYN,LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཉན་DK. མཉནད་(Thomas 1935-63.II: 97 and 157 qtd. in Coblin 1976:50), KYN, LZ, ND, DK. ཉནད་ DK. མཉན་ DS, TC. མཉན་KYN,LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཉན་ DK.ཉོནད་KYNcw, LZ, ND, DK. ཉོན་ KYNz. CD, DS, TC. མཉནད་DK.KYN,CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] nyan(Hackett 2003). [Obl. Abs.] mnyan(Hackett 2003).ཆོས་སོགས་ LZ. བོན་ཆོས་གཏམ་ ND. To hear, to give ear to, to listen CD. To listen, obey (nyan) DK. To listen to, to cause to listen (mnyan) DK. To hear DS. To be attentive to, to listen to TC.ཉན་2ཉན་CD, DK, TC. ཨྀCD.(Hoshi 2003). To be able CD. To be suitable, fitting, possible DS. To be fit for TC.ཉན་2[CD], DS.Used as a formative, added to the root of a verb, signifying capability, possibility &c. CD.1. (when following certain words such as bshad 'say') To willingly accomplish. 2. (when prefixed by kha this verb, added to another verb) To promise DS.ཉམས་ ཉམས་ND, DK, DS, TC. ཉམས་ND, DK, [DS], TC. ཉམས་DK, [DS], TC.ཉམས་DK. ཨྀ [ND], TC.[ND], TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003). To deteriorate, to grow weak, to decline DK. To deteriorate, decline, perish, come to ruin DS. To degenerate, to decline, to deteriorate TC.ཉར་ ཉར་DK, DS, TC. ཉརད་DK. ཉར་ [DS], TC. ཉར་DK, [DS], TC.ཉརད་DK. ཉོར་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To keep, preserve DK. To keep, take care of, preserve, conserve DS. To keep TC.ཉལ་ ཉལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཉལད་LZ, DK. ཉལ་ DS, TC. ཉལ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཉོལད་LZ, DK. ཉོལ་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མལ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To lie down, to sleep CD,DK. 1. (of men and cattle) To rest, lying on the side of the body. 2. To sleep. 3. (of twigs and chaff) to fall upon the surface of the ground DS. To lie down, to rest, to fall asleep, to go to sleep, to stop, to come to a halt TC. Root given as nyal < *nal (Beyer 1992: 84) cf. མནལ་ 'to sleep.'ཉིལ་ ཉིལ་DK, DS, TC. གཉིལ་CD, DS. ཉིལད་DK. ཉིལ་ [DS], TC. གཉིལ་[DS]. ཉིལ་DK, [DS], TC. གཉིལ་[DS].ཉིལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྙིལ་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116). To be desiccated, to crumble away, to thaw CD. To fall apart, to become old, to be ruined DK. 1. To crumble, collapse. 2. To fall down as many droplets (nyil) DS. To become dull, less sharp (gnyil)DS. To collapse, to crumble, to pour or flow down, to erode TC.ཉུག་ ཉུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཉུགས་LZ, DK, TC. ཉུག་ [DS]. ཉུག་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཉུགས་LZ, DK, TC.TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Obl.](Hackett 2003).རྐང་པ་དང་ལག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To anoint, apply oil or ointment DK. 1. To touch. 2. To apply, anoint DS. 1. To touch, to grope for, to stretch out. 2. To apply, to smear, to put on TC.ཉུང་ ཉུང་ND. ཉུང་ND.(Hoshi 2003). To be few [ND].ཉུལ་ ཉུལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. གཉུལ་ CD. ཉུལད་DK. ཉུལ་ [DS], TC. ཉུལ་DK, [DS], TC.ཉུལད་DK. ཉུལ་ TC.TC.DS, TC. To wander, rove about; to step gently, steal through, creep CD. To wander DK. To go without having a goal DS. 1. To roam, to wander, to search for. 2. (archaic) To delay, to linger, to loiter TC. Compare གཉུལ་.ཉེ་ ཉེ་CD, DK. ཉེ་DK. ཉེ་DK.ཉེ་DK. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).ཉེ་ 'near' NWH. To be near, to approach CD. To go nearer, to be near; to become close friends DK.ཉེད་ཉེད་(CD), DS, TC. gives as the present of མཉེད་ཉེན་ ཉེན་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཉེནད་DK. ཉེན་ [DS], TC. ཉེན་DK, [DS], TC.ཉེནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To be pained, pinched, pressed hard (e.g. by hunger); to labor, to drudge CD. To be in danger DK. To suffer DS, TC.ཉེས་ ཉེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཉེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཉེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཉེས་LZ, DK ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).གནོད་བ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To commit an offence (commoner usage is with -བྱེད་) CD. To be spoilt, to become useless DK. To harm, damage &c. DS. To be defective, to be flawed, to be wrong, to go wrong TC.ཉོ་ ཉོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཉོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཉོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཉོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). (Hackett 2003).ཇ་མར་སོགས་LZ. To buy, obtain by payment CD. To purchase, buy DK. To exchange money for something DS. To buy, to purchase TC.ཉོག་ ཉོག་DK, DS. ཉོགས་DK. ཉོག་ [DS]. ཉོག་DK, [DS].ཉོགས་DK.DS, (Hoshi 2003). [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003). རྙོག་ [CD]. སྙོག་ (Gyurme 1992: 260). 1. To become muddy, to be unclean or obscure. 2. To feel dull DK. To be disorderly, disarrayed DS.ཉོབ་ ཉོབ་DK, DS, TC. ཉོབ་DK, [DS], TC. ཉོབས་ (DK). ཉོབ་DK, [DS], TC.ཉོབ་DK. ཉོབས་ (DK). ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To become lazy, inactive. To be idle or disinterred DK. To be unable (in mental capacity, or mental and physical activity) DS. To be tired, to be run down, to be weary, to be exhausted TC.ཉོར་ ཉོར་DK. ཉོརད་DK. ཉོར་DK. ཉོརད་DK.(Hoshi 2003). To fall down slowly, to collapse DK. To become overripe, squishy (Hoshi 2003).གཉིད་ གཉིད་ND, DS, TC. གཉིད་ND, [DS], TC. གཉིད་[DS], TC. ཨྀ[ND], TC.[ND], TC.DS, TC. To fall asleep DS. To sleep, to fall asleep TC.གཉིལ་གཉིལ་CD, DS. give as the present of ཉིལ་གཉུལ་ གཉུལད་LZ. གཉུལ་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཉུལ་ CD. གཉུལད་LZ, DK. ཉུལད་ ND. གཉུལ་ [DS], TC. གཉུལ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.གཉུལ་LZ, TC. ཉུལད་ ND. གཉུལད་ DK. ND, TC.DS, TC.ཡུལ་སོགས་སུ་རྟོག་དཔྱིད་ཀྱིས་LZ. རྒྱལ་ཁམས་སོགས་ND. To search, find, to spy, to wander DK. To look around, search about, to wander DS. To transverse, to wander, to roam, to travel TC. Compare ཉུལ་.གཉེ་ གཉེ་CD. གཉེ་CD. To woo, court CD.གཉེག་ གཉེག་DK. གཉགས་DK. གཉག་DK.གཉེགས་DK. To press down DK.གཉེར་ གཉེར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཉེརད་LZ, DK. གཉེར་ [DS], TC. གཉེར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཉེར་LZ, TC. གཉེརད་ DK.TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).དོན་སོགས་ LZ. To tend, to take care of, to provide for; to seek for, to procure, to acquire CD. To keep, preserve; to get into, to seek DK. 1. To keep after (good qualities &c.). 2. To become wrinkly DS. 1. To strive for, to work for, to provide for, to procure. 2. To look after, to manage, to supervise, to take care of. 3. To gnash the teeth, to frown. 4. (archaic) To summon TC.གཉེལ་གནེཡལCD, DS. gives as an alternative present of མཉེལ་.གཉོག་1 གཉོག་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཉགས་LZ. གཉག་ ND. གཉགས་ DS, TC. གཉག་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ཉོགས་LZ. གཉོག་ ND. གཉོགས་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. སྙོག་[CD Jä.]བཟའ་བཏུང་གི་ཕྱིར་ LZ. མཐོ་དང་བཟའ་ཕྱིར་NDA. . མཐོ་དང་ཟབ་ཕྱིར་ NDB. To desire, wish earnestly (Cs.) CD. To chew DS. To chew, to masticate, to munch. 2. To whip, to strike, to beat, to pound TC.གཉོག་2 གཉོག་DS. གཉོག་[DS]. གཉོག་[DS].DS. To hit, strike, beat DS.མཉན་མཉན་DK. gives as a present of ཉན་མཉམ་ མཉམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS. མཉམ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS]. མཉམ་LZ, DK, [DS].མཉམ་LZ, DK.(Hoshi 2003).DS.སྙོམ་(Beyer 1992: 117 n. 13).མཐོ་དམན་སོགས་ LZ. To be alike, to be equal DK. To be similar, to compare DS. Compare བཉམ་ in (Takeuchi 1995: 314).མཉེད་ མཉེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. ཉེད་ (CD), DS, TC. མཉེས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཉེད་TC. མཉེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཉེད་TC.མཉེད་LZ, DK. མཉེས་ CD, DS, TC. མཉོས་ ND. ཉེད་TC.LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ལུས་སོགས་ལ་རྫས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. ཀོ་ལྤགས་ ND. 1. To rub between the hands or feet (e.g. ears of corn). 2. To tan, curry, dress. 3. To coax (Cs.) CD. To rub; to tan; to tame; to crush, grind; to knead DK. To make a hard thing (e.g. leather, hide) supple by rubbing DS. To tan, to rub (mnyed) TC. To massage, to rub gently (nyed) TC.མཉེན་ མཉེན་LZ. མཉེནད་LZ. མཉེན་LZ.མཉེན་LZ.རྩ་རྒྱུས་སོགས་ LZ. Likely a deverbal use of the adjective མཉེན་ 'soft, flexible, mild.'མཉེལ་ མཉེལ་LZ, CD (archaic), DK, DS, TC. གཉེལ་ (CD), (DS). མཉེལད་LZ, DK. མཉེལ་ [DS], TC. མཉེལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. མཉེལ་LZ. མཉེལད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཞུ་དོན་སོགས་ LZ. To be tired, fatigued; to get tired CD. To be tired DK. (honorific) To be tired DS. To be tired, to be exhausted TC.མཉེས་ མཉེས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཉེས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC. མཉེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཉེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abl. Obl.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hackett 2003).མཆོད་ཡུལ་སོགས་ LZ. (honorific) To be glad, to take delight in CD, DS. To be fond of, to be happy, pleased DK. (honorific) To rejoice, to be glad, to delight, to be pleased TC.རྙ་ རྙ་DK, DS, TC. བརྙས་DK, DS, TC. བརྙ་DK, DS, TC.རྙོས་DK, DS, TC.DK, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003). 1. To borrow (Ñag 30). 2. To take on lease (Ñag 30). 3. To seize (by force), to usurp (Sch.) CD. To lend, borrow DK. (archaic) To lend, borrow DS. To borrow, lend TC. Root given as rnya < *r?K?ya <*?K?ya (Beyer 1992: 83). Compare རྙན་.རྙང་ རྙང་CD, DS. བརྙངས་DS. བརྙང་DS.རྙོངས་DS.DS.DS. 1. To rinse. 2. (in West) To suffer from diarrhea CD. To have diarrhea DS.རྙན་ རྙན་LZ, DK, TC. རྙོན་ ND, DS. བརྙནད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྙན་ CD, DS, TC. བརྙན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྙོནད་LZ, ND. རྙནད་ DK. རྙོན་ DS, TC.TC. TC.ཆོས་གོས་སོགས་གཞན་ལས་ LZ. གོས་སོགས་ND. To borrow CD. To lend, borrow DK, DS,TC. Compare རྙ་.རྙབ་རྙབ་DS. gives as the present of རྙོབ་རྙས་རྙས་DK. gives as the present of བརྙས་.རྙིང་ རྙིང་CD, ND, DK, DS. བརྙིངས་CD, ND, DK. རྙིངས་ DS. བརྙིང་ND, DK. རྙིང་ DS.རྙིངས་ND, DK. ཨྀ ND, DS.ND, DS, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS.ཟད་པའི་(rnyings) ND. ཟས་གོས་སོགས་(-) ND. To age, wax old CD. To cause to become old, to cause to wear out DK. To wear out, show the passage of time DS.རྙིད་ རྙིད་CD, DS, TC. བརྙིད་CD. བརྙིས་CD, (DS). རྙིད་[DS], TC. གཉིད་CD. བརྙིད་(DS). རྙིད་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD (Sch.), DS, TC. 1. To whither, fade. 2. To grieve CD. To whither DS. 1. To wither, to shrivel. 2. To be discouraged, to be dispirited, to be fed up TC.རྙིལ་1 རྙིལ་ND. བརྙིལད་ND. བརྙིལ་ND.རྙིལད་ND.ND.སོ་ཡི་ ND. certainly derived from the noun རྙིལ་ 'gums', though of uncertain meaning. རྙིལ་2 རྙིལ་CD. gives as an alternative present to སྙིལ་རྙིས་ རྙིས་?CD (archaic). རྙིས་?CD (archaic). To be worn out, become old, faded CD. The entry is unclear about what ???? refers to.རྙེད་ རྙེད་CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྙེད་CD. བརྙེས་ CD, DK. རྙེད་ [DS], TC. བརྙེད་CD, DK. རྙེད་ [DS], TC.རྙེས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC., (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS, (Skorupski 2001).TC.[Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210).[Erg. Abs. ](Hackett 2003). To find, discover, acquire, meet with, get CD. 1. Having searched, to acquire at hand. 2. To newly know an unknown meaning DS. To procure, to get, to find DK. To find, to discover, to obtain, to get TC.རྙོག་ རྙོག་CD, DK, (DS). བརྙོགས་CD, DK, (DS). བརྙོག་CD, DK, (DS).རྙོག་DK. རྙོགས་ (DS).(Hoshi 2003). [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).ཉོག་[CD]. To trouble, to stir up (Cs.) CD. To make dirty, to cause to get into bad habits DK. To make impure, unclear through the agitation of liquid DS. Compare སྙོག་2.རྙོང་1 རྙོང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བརྙོངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS. བརྙངས་ ND. བརྙོང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བརྙང་ LZ.རྙོངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS. སྙོངས་ ND.ND, CD, DS.DS.རྐང་ལག་སོགས་ LZ. དོན་གཞན་དང་མི་འཁྲལ་ཚེ་བརྙང་སོགས་རུང་ངོ་ LZ རྐྱོང་ཤད་ ND. 1. To ensnare, to trap (Cs.). 2. To stretch out CD. To stretch one's legs, &c. DK. 1. To understand, examine closely. 2. To stretch out (hand and feet) DS.རྙོང་2 རྙོང་DK, TC. བརྙངས་DK, TC. བརྙང་DK, TC.རྙོངས་DK, TC.TC.TC. To discharge, loose motion, to loosen bowels DK. To stretch out, to set, to lay, to share TC.རྙོན་རྙོན་ND, DS. give as the present to རྙན་རྙོབ་ རྙོབ་ND, DK, TC. རྙབ་ DS. བརྙབས་ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྙབ་ND, DK, DS, TC.རྙོབས་ND, DK, DS. ཨྀTC.ND, DS. TC.DS. TC.ལག་པས་ ND. To reach out, to cause to touch DK. To grasp with the hand DS. 1. To reach. 2. To take TC.སྙ་ སྙ་DS, TC. [DS], (Skorupski 2001). (for body or mind) To become dull, fatigued (an orthographic variant of རྨྱ་) DS. (archaic) To fall asleep, to faint TC.སྙག་ སྙག་CD, DK. བསྙགས་DK. བསྙག་DK.སྙགས་DK. [Erg. Abs. ](Hackett 2003). (colloquial for སྙེག་) To follow CD. To follow DK.སྙད་ བསྙད་LZ. སྙད་CD, DS. སྙོད་ CD, ND, TC. བསྙད་LZ,CD, ND, DS, TC. བརྙད་[CD]. བསྙད་LZ,CD, ND, DS, TC. བརྙད་[CD].བསྙད་LZ. སྙོད་CD, ND, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).ལོ་རྒྱུས་སོགས་ LZ. གཏམ་སོགས་ND. To relate, to report, to tell, relate CD. (archaic) To explain, tell about DS. To tell narrate, describe relate TC.སྙབ་ སྙབ་CD. To smack with the lips (Sch.) CD.སྙམ་ སྙམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྙམ་DK, [DS], TC. སྙམ་DK, [DS], TC.སྙམ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS. TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003). To think, consider, imagine CD. To think, to suppose DK. 1. (when affixed to some verbs) To want to. 2. To have finished experiencing DS. To think, to wish, to want, to feel, to imagine, to wonder TC.སྙལ་1 སྙལད་DK. བསྙལད་DK. བསྙལ་DK.སྙལད་DK. To wash DK.སྙལ་2སྙལ་DS. gives as the present to སྙོལ་.སྙིག་ སྙིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྙིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྙིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྙིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ལྷུང་བཟེད་སོགས་ LZ. To pollute, to cause to be impure DK. To segregate to one side what is unclean within something DS. To discard, to set aside, to reject (as a sediment, scum or dregs) TC.སྙིགས་ སྙིགས་LZ. སྙིག་DS. སྙིགས་LZ. སྙིག་[DS]. སྙིགས་LZ. སྙིག་[DS].སྙིགས་LZ.DS.དུས་དང་སེམས་ཅན་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To sink into deep water. 2. To become bad, evil (e.g. the times). 3. To be left behind (e.g. a sheep) DS.སྙིལ་ སྙིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙིལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྙིལ་ CD, DS, TC. བསྙིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙིལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྙིལ་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཉིལ་(Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116).ཚོགས་པའི་ནང་ནས་ཕྱིར་ LZ. ཕྱིར་ལ་ ND. To push, throw down, to break, destroy; to squander CD. To expel, to remove, take out by force, to tear, slash DK. 1. To overcome, destroy, bring down. 2. To drift down, to tumble down (e.g. snow). 3. To fall, cascade (e.g. rain, dirt) DS. 1. To destroy, to fragment, to crush. 2. To expel, to drive out TC.སྙུག་ སྙུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙུགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.མར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. མར་ཁུ་ ND. To dip in, to immerse CD. To vomit, to anoint DK. (archaic) To apply oil, anoint DS. 1. To smear to apply. 2. To vomit. 3. To immerse, submerge, drop to the bottom TC. Compare སྨྱུག་.སྙུང་1 སྙུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྨྱུང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཉུང་ 'few' (Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116).ཡོ་བྱད་སོགས་ LZ. ཡོ་བྱད་སྙུང་གནས་NDA. ཡོ་བྱད་དང་སྙུང་གནས་ NDB. To make less, reduce, to diminish, (acc. Sch.) to disparage CD. To cause to decrease, to reduce in number DK. (archaic) To reduce, make fewer DS. To reduce, to diminish TC.སྙུང་2 བསྙུང་LZ. སྙུང་CD, ND, DS, TC. བསྙུངས་LZ, CD, ND, TC. སྙུང་ [DS]. བསྙུང་LZ,CD, ND, TC. སྙུང་ [DS].བསྙུངས་LZ.སྙུངས་[ND]. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300). ནད་ཀྱིས་སྐུ་སོགས་LZ. ཡོ་བྱད་སྙུང་གནས་NDA. ཡོ་བྱད་དང་སྙུང་གནས་ NDB. To be ill, sick, indisposed CD. To be ill, sick DS. (honorific) To be ill TC. surely related to སྙུན་. སྙུན་ སྙུན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྙུནད་LZ, DK. བསྙུན་ CD, DS, TC. བསྙུན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྙུནད་LZ, DK. སྙུན་ DS. ཨྀ TC.DS. TC.DS, TC.ནད་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To be ill, to labor under a disease CD. To cause to become ill; to be ill DK. To be ill DS. (honorific) To be ill, to be sick, to be unwell TC. surely related to སྙུང་2.སྙུལ་ སྙུལ་ND, DK. བསྙུལད་ND, DK. བསྙུལ་[CD archaic] བསྙུལ་ND, DK.སྙུལད་ND, DK.ND.ལག་པ་ ND. 1. To be rubbed (Ñag 30). 2. To wash CD. 1. To cause to wander, to make to roam about. 2. To wash DK.སྙེ་ སྙེ་ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེས་ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེ་ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙེས་ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྔས་ལ་ ND. To lean on, lean against DK. To lean on, be supported by DS. To lean against, to rest against TC.སྙེག་ སྙེག་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེགས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེག་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙོགས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS. སྙེགས་ DK, (DS), TC.KYN,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs. ](Hackett 2003).གནས་སུ་ TD. བུ་ལོན་དང་རྗེས་སོགས་ LZ. རྗེས་སུ་ ND. 1. (with accusative) To hasten after, run after, pursue. 2. To overtake. 3. (with dative) To hasten (to some place). 4. To strive, struggle for, to aspire to CD. To follow DK. 1. To go somewhere with a specific goal. 2. To follow after. 3. To arrive at DS. 1. To pursue. 2. To reach, to scale. 3. To follow TC.སྙེང་1 སྙེང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྙེངས་ CD. བསྙེངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྙེང་ CD.སྙེངས་LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS. TC.DS. TC.སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་མེ་མཚོན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. འཇིགས་པ་ND. To fear, to be afraid of CD. To frighten, fear, cause to be afraid of DK. (archaic) To produce fear DS. To be afraid TC.སྙེང་2 སྙེང་CD, DS, TC. བསྙེངས་DS, TC. བསྙེང་DS, TC.སྙེངས་DS. ཨྀ TC.DS. TC.DS. TC. To stretch CD. (archaic) To stretch DS, TC.སྙེན་ བསྙེན་LZ. སྙེན་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེནད་LZ, DK. བསྙེན་ [CD[, DS, TC. བསྙེན་LZ, DS, TC.བསྙེནད་LZ.སྙེནད་DK. སྙེན་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ཉེ་ 'near' (Gyurme 1992: 260).ཉེ་བ་དང་ལྷ་སོགས་LZ. 1. (with dative) To come, go near, approach. 2. To gain, procure. 3. To propitiate, soothe, satisfy (e.g. a deity). 4. To accept, receive, admit CD. To cause to be close, near, to bring nearer DK. To bow in a place near to DS. To attend upon, to serve, to practice TC.སྙེམས་ སྙེམས་LZ, CD, DK, TC. སྙེམ་ ND, DS. བསྙེམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙེམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཨྀTC.ND, DS. TC.DS. TC.སྒེག་ཉམས་ཀྱི་ LZ. དོན་ལ་མངའ་ང་རྒྱལ་NDA. . དོན་ལ་མངའ་དང་བརྒྱལ་NDB. To be proud, arrogant, to boast CD. To cause to be haughty, self satisfied, to cause to be come proud DK. To demonstrate the characteristic of haughtiness, pride DS. To be proud, to be arrogant TC.སྙེར་ སྙེར་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྙེརད་LZ, DK. བསྙེར་ [CD], DS, TC. བསྙེར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྙེརད་LZ, DK. སྙེར་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.གཉེར་མ་ 'wrinkle' NWH.ཁོང་ཁྲོས་པས་ངོ་འཛུམ་ LZ. To make grimaces, gesticulation CD. To cause to wrinkle, frown DK. To wrinkle DS. To frown, grimace, snarl TC.སྙེལ་ བསྙེལ་ CD (archaic), TC. སྙེལ་DK, DS. བསྙེལད་DK. བསྙེལ་ DS TC. བསྙེལ་DK, DS, TC.སྙེལད་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. (honorific) To forget CD. To forget DK, DS.སྙོ་སྙོ་CD. gives as a present of སྨྱོ་. སྙོག་1 སྙོག་DS, TC. བསྙགས་DS, TC. བསྙག་DS, TC.སྙོགས་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To collect payment DS. To pursue, to pester TC.སྙོག་2 སྙོག་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བསྙོགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བསྙོག་LZ, ND, DS, TC. སྙོགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཉོག་(Gyurme 1992: 260).ཟས་སོགས་ཁར་ LZ. ཁ་ ND. To make impure, unclear through the agitation of liquid DS. To agitate, to stir, to churn, to disturb TC. Compare རྙོག་.སྙོགས་ སྙོགས་CD. བསྙོག་[CD]. To wish earnestly, to crave for, to implore CD. Compare བརྙོག་.སྙོད་1 སྙོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཟས་སོགས་LZ. ཟས་སོགས་ཁས་ ND. To feed, to give to eat and drink CD. To give food from mouth to mouth (as a mother feeds her baby); to give or feed DK. To give food to, feed (e.g. a young child) DS. To feed, to nourish, to spoon feed TC.སྙོད་2 སྙོད་CD, TC. བསྙོད་CD, TC. བསྙོས་ CD. བསྙོད་CD, TC.སྙོད་TC.TC.TC. To draw out and twist as in spinning (Jä) CD. To spin evenly, to twist TC.སྙོད་3སྙོད་CD, ND, TC. give as the present to སྙད་. སྙོན་ སྙོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོནད་LZ, DK. བསྙོན་ CD, DS, TC. བསྙོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྙོནད་LZ, DK. སྙོན་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).ཚིག་དོན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To deny, disavow (dishonestly) CD. To make a false charge, accuse without basis DK. To make (someone) obey a command, using force DS. To make a false statement, to dissimulate, to contradict deceitfully TC.སྙོབ་ སྙོབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྙབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོབས་CD. བསྙབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོབ་ CD. སྙོབས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མེ་ཏོག་དང་འབུ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To stretch forth. 2. To reach by stretching oneself out. 3. To arrive at CD. To reach out, to cause to touch DK. To take something with outstretched hand DS. To reach out for, to stretch out for TC.སྙོམ༼ས སྙོམས་LZ, CD, DK. སྙོམ་ ND, DS, TC. བསྙམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོམས་ CD. བསྙམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོམ་ CD.སྙོམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003). མཉམ་(Beyer 1992: 117 n. 13).མཐོ་དམན་སོགས་ LZ. ཆེ་ཆུང་ ND. 1. To make even, to level. 2. To equalize (different things), to arrange uniformly CD. To equalize DK. 1. To make what is uneven even, to plane. 2. To make of equal measure, equalize DS. To equalize, to regulate, to make even, to make level, to balance TC.སྙོར་ སྙོར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྙོརད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྙོར་ DS, TC. བསྙོར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙོར་LZ, DS, TC. སྙོརད་ ND, DK. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གྲོ་ནས་སོགས་ LZ. ནས་སོགས་ ND. To knock down, destroy, pull down, beat DK. To take care of, protect, take charge of DS. 1. To hit, to strike. 2. To crush, to squeeze, to compress. 3. To care for, to tend, to nurse TC.སྙོལ་ སྙོལ་LZ. [CD], ND, DK, (DS). TC. སྙལ་ DS. བསྙལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྙལ་ CD, DS, TC. བསྙལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྙོལད་LZ, DK. སྙལད་ LZ. སྙོལ་ LZ, ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཉལ་[CD].རུ་མཚོན་སོགས་(snyold) LZ. ལག་པ་སོགས་(snyald) LZ. ཆནབཕབ་སོགས་(snyol) LZ. མལ་དུ་ ND. 1. To lay anything down. 2. To bed a person, assign him to a couch, bed CD. 1. To put to bed. 2. To lay out for fermentation (e.g. to make beer, curd) DK. 1. To make sleep. 2. To process (meal, beer &c) by adding a fermenting agent, and setting it in a warm place. 3. To bring down, throw down DS. 1. To ferment. 2. To lay down, to put to sleep. 3. To suppress, fell TC.བརྙས་ བརྙས་LZ, DS, TC. རྙ་ DK, TC. བརྙས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. བརྙས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བརྙས་LZ. TC. རྙ་ DK. རྙོས་TC.TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Obl. ](Hackett 2003).དམན་པ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To insult, look down upon, disparage DK. To ridicule, belittle DS. To abuse, to harass, to mistreat (brnyas) TC. To bully (rnya) TC.བརྙེས་ བརྙེས་LZ, DS, TC. བརྙེས་LZ, [DS], TC. བརྙེས་LZ, [DS], TC.བརྙེས་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To attain, acquire. 2. To start, found DS. To be attained, to be founded, established TC.བརྙོག་ བརྙོག་TC. བརྙོགས་TC. བརྙོག་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To be addicted to, to be partial to CD. perhaps to be connected with སྙོགས་.བསྙད་བསྙད་LZ. gives as the present to སྙད་. བསྙིགས་ བསྙིགས་CD. To return, restore, deliver up (Cs.) CD.བསྙུང་བསྙུང་LZ. gives as the present of སྙུང་བསྙུག་ བསྙུག་CD. བསྙུགས་CD. To become full (Sch.) CD.བསྙེན་བསྙེན་LZ. gives as the present of སྙེན་. བསྙེལ་བསྙེལ་CD, TC. give as the present of སྙེལ་བསྙོར་ བསྙོར་CD. To sort, sift, divide (Ñag 30) CD.བསྙོལ་ བསྙོལ་TC. (Skorupski 2001). (archaic) To fear TC.
ཏ་ཏྲོན་ ཏྲོན་LZ. ཏྲོནད་LZ. ཏྲོན་LZ.ཏྲོནད་LZ.ཏྲོན་ 'discipline'NWH.དགེ་བའི་ཆོས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. Having worked very hard at virtue, and being allied with the disciplinary officer in a temple to assist with his work (ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997).གཏག་ གཏག་DS. གཏགས་DS. གཏགས་DS.གཏག་DS.DS.DS. To hit, strike DS.གཏན་ གཏན་DS. གཏན་[DS]. གཏན་[DS].DS. To tighten a door DS.གཏམ་1 གཏམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཏམས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཏམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཏམས་LZ. གཏམས་ DK. ཐོམས་ DS. གཏོམས་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ནོར་རྫས་སོགས་གཞན་ལ་ LZ. To be surety for a security (K. du. da 200) CD. To entrust, rely on DK. To entrust to, give over for the care of DS, TC.གཏམ་2 གཏམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. གཏམས་CD, DK, DS. བཏམས་ TC. གཏམ་DK, DS. བཏམ་ TC.གཏམས་ DK. གཏོམས་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To appoint, to commission (Jä) CD. To tell DK. To say, to tell DS, TC.གཏམས་ གཏམས་LZ, TC. གཏམ་CD, DK. གཏམས་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གཏམས་LZ, TC. གཏམ་DKགཏམས་LZ, DK. གཏོམས་ TC.TC.DS, TC.འོད་དང་ནོར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. 1 To fill up, make full (acc. Jä frq. spelt བལྟམས་) CD. To fill up DK. To fill CD. Compare ལྟེམས་.གཏའ་ གཏའ་TC. (archaic) To hit, strike TC.གཏར་ གཏར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཏརད་LZ, ND, DK. གཏར་ DS, TC. གཏར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཏར་LZ. གཏོརད་ ND. ཨྀ ND. གཏརད་ DK. གཏོར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC. ND.DS, TC.ཁྲག་སོགས་ LZ. ཁྲག་སོགས་(gtord) ND. ཁྲག་སོགས་(-) ND. To bleed, blister (human beings, animals &c.) in the way of medical treatment CD. To let out blood from a vein, to take out blood DK. To take puss, blood from the body of a diseased person DS. To let blood TC.གཏི་ གཏི་CD, DS, TC. (archaic) To question, to speak CD. (archaic & dialect) To speak, tell, say DS. (archaic) To say, speak, tell TC.གཏིག་ གཏིག་ND, DS, TC. གཏིགས་ CD, DK. བཏིག་ CD. གཏིགས་ND. བཏིགས་ CD, TC. བཏིག་ DK, DS. གཏིག་ND. གཏིག་ DK, TC. བཏིག་ DS.གཏིགས་ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC.ND.DS, TC.འཐིག་[CD].ཐིགས་ 'droplet' NWH.ཆུ་སོགས་(gtigs) ND. ཆུ་སོགས་(-) ND. To trickle down, to fall in drops, to drip CD. To cause to drip, to let fall in drops DK. To make something moist (e.g. water) fall down individually in droplets DS. For water droplets to fall TC.གཏིབ་ གཏིབ་LZ,CD, DS, TC. གཏིབས་ CD, DK. གཏིབ་DK. གཏིབས་ LZ, DS, TC. གཏིབ་LZ,DK, DS, TC (see note).ཏིབས་LZ. གཏིབས་ DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).འཐིབ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).དུ་བ་དང་སྤྲིན་སོགས་ LZ. To be gathered (of clouds) CD. To make overcast, to pile up, crowd together DK. (for a haze of vapor &c.) to obscure a line of vision DS. To pile up, come together; to darken, obscure TC.TC has གཏུག་ an obvious misprint in the verb tables, but has གཏིབ་ in the text.གཏིམ་གཏིམ་DS. gives as alternate present to སྟིམ་,CDrefers it to ཐིམ་ but perhaps intending it as a separate verb. གཏུག་ གཏུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཏུགས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བཏུགས་ ND. བཏུག་ CD, DK. གཏུག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC (see note).གཏུགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཐུག་CD, (Duff).གཏུགས་(Duff).དྲུང་དུ་ LZ. ཞབས་ལ་ ND. 1. To reach, meet with, fall down to, touch, join. 2. (acc. Sch.) to sue, to bring an action against a person CD. 1. To touch, cause to come into contact. 2. To reach the climax of an appointed time. 3. To file a case DK. 1. To mutually meet (someone). 2. To arrive. 3. To mutually come in contact, encounter. 4. To search for the source, origin. 5. To take the matter of a dispute to a higher authority or national government office for a decision. 6. To cause a fight DS. 1. To touch, meet. 2. To visit, meet, attend on. 3. To meet, match, take on. 4. To take the matter of a dispute to higher authority for a decision TC (Duff).TC's verb tables has གཏུགས་ for the future, but the text and (li yung krang 1988) have གཏུག་.གཏུགས་ གཏུགས་TC. གཏུགས་TC. གཏུགས་TC (see note).ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To reach the end of, to run out TC.TC's verb tables give the future as གཏུབ་, but (li yang krang 1988) gives གཏུགས་, as is implied from the silence of TC's text.གཏུབ་ གཏུབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཐུབ་ (TC). གཏུབས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. གཏུབ་LZ, DS, TC.ཏུབས་LZ. གཏུབས་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ཤིང་སོགས་སྟ་རེ་ལྟ་བུས་ LZ. To cut to pieces, cut up, chop, mince CD. To cut something up into pieces DS. To chop up, cut into pieces TC. Compare འཐུབ་.གཏུམ་གཏུམ་LZ, CD, TC. give as the present of འཐུམ་2.གཏུམ་ གཏུམ་LZ, ND. གཏུམ་LZ, ND. གཏུམ་LZ.གཏུམ་LZ. ཨྀ ND.ND.རྒྱུད་དང་རང་བཞིན་སོགས་ LZ. To be fierce, harsh, stern (Goldstein 2001).གཏུར་ གཏུར་LZ. གཏུརད་LZ. གཏུར་LZ.ཏུརད་LZ.ཐུར་ 'a stick' NWH.མིག་སོགས་ནང་དུ་ཤིང་ཐུར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To poke, jab (?) NWH.གཏུལ་ གཏུལ་CD, DS, TC. གཏུལ་[DS], TC. གཏུལ་[DS], TC.གཏུལ་TC.TC.DS, TC.འཐུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259). To grind, pulverize (colors, medicinal substances &c.) CD. To grind something into powder on top of something else DS. 1. To make smoke (e.g. by burning incense). 2. To grind something into powder on top of something else TC. Compare འདུལ་, འཐུལ་.གཏོག་ གཏོག་LZ, CD, DK DS, TC. གཏོགས་LZ, DS, TC. གཏོག་ DK. གཏོག་LZ, DK DS, TC. ཏོགས་LZ. གཏོག་ DK. གཏོགས་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.སེ་གོལ་སོགས་LZ. 1. To grab, pluck, gather, tear out. 2. To snap the fingers CD. To snap ones fingers DK, DS, TC.གཏོག་ གཏོག་LZ. བཏགས་LZ. གཏག་LZ.ཐོགས་LZ.སྡེ་དང་ཁྱིམ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ.གཏོགས་ གཏོགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཏོགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. གཏོགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཏོགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).ཁོམས་དང་སྡེར་ LZ. 1. To assign, classify. 2. To belong to, appertain to CD. To belong, include, appertain DK. 1. To belong to. 2. To have power. 3. To meet, adhere to a standard, limit DS. To be included with, to belong to TC (Duff).གཏོང་1 གཏོང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, (ND), DK, DS, TC. བཏངས་ ND. གཏང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཐོངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཐོང་ CD, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Obl. Abs.] 'send,' [Erg. Abs.] 'let go' (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117). [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).སྦྱིན་པ་སོགས་ TD, LZ. བློས་ ND. To send, to let go, to permit to go, to dismiss CD. To dispatch, send DK. 1. To free from bondage and let roam independent. 2. To do. 3. To use (e.g. money). 4. To discard, give away. 5. To confer (e.g. a letter, message). 6. To emit, excrete (e.g. breath, urine, excrement) DS. 1. To give, hand over. 2. To abandon, discard. 3. To release, let go, leave off. 4. To send, dispatch, appoint, commission. 5. To drive, steer. 7. To do TC.གཏོང་2 གཏོང་TC. བཏང་TC. གཏང་TC.ཐོང་ TC.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117). Added to nouns in order to form compound verbs, especially common in the colloquial NWH. Similar to རྒྱག་པ་TC.གཏོད་1 གཏོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཏད་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཏད་ CD, DK. གཏད་LZ, CD, ND. DK, TC. གཏོད་ DS.གཏོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏོད་ CD.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).ལག་ཏུ་ LZ, ND. To deliver up, hand over, to commit to another, to bestow, confer CD. To give a responsibility, to entrust a duty, to aim, to concentrate, imagine DK. 1. To believe. 2. To entrust, commit. 3. To open up. 4. To face. 5. To be undistracted, unwavering DS. To entrust to, give to. 2. To face. 3. To concentrate, remain undistracted TC.གཏོད་2 གཏོད་LZ, TC. འདོད་DS. བཏོད་LZ, DS, TC. གཏོད་LZ, TC. གདོད་DS.བཏོད་LZ. ཐོད་ DS. དོད་ (DS). གཏོད་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.གྲུབ་མཐའ་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་ LZ. 1. To newly establish (a road, tradition &c.). 2. To produce, to make DS. To newly make, newly found TC.in the colloquial language the three: past, future, present, are not distinguished but are all བཏོད་DS.གཏོར་གཏོར་CD, DS, TC. give as the present of འཐོར་1གཏོལ་ གཏོལ་LZ, CD, DK, TC. བཏོལད་LZ, DK. གཏོལ་LZ. བཏོལ་ DK.གཏོལ་LZ. གཏོལད་ DK.གནས་དང་ཡུལ་དུ་ LZ. (acc. Sch.) To perforate, pierce; to discover, disclose CD. 1. To pierce, prick. 2. To ascertain. 3. To familiarize, acquaint, find solutions, methods DK. (archaic) 1. To route out wrongdoings. 2. To pierce, open a hole TC.བཏིག་བཏིག་CD (Cs.). gives as a present to གཏིག་. བཏུངས་ བཏུངས་CD, TC, (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). To kill CD, TC, (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997).བཏུབ་བཏུག་LZ, CD, DS. give as a present to ཐུབ་. རྟག་1 རྟག་ND. རྟག་ND.ND.རྟག་2རྟག་ND. gives as the present to རྟོག་.རྟབ་ རྟོབ་LZ. རྟབ་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྟབ་ (CD). བརྟབས་LZ. རྟབས་DK, DS, TC. བརྟབ་LZ. རྟབ་DK, DS, TC.རྟོབས་ LZ, DS. རྟབས་DK.ཨྀ TC.DS. TC.DS, TC.རྟ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. (acc. Jä = སྟབ་) To be in a hurry. 2. To be confused, frightened, in a state of alarm CD. 1. To cause to be in a hurry, to hurry. 2. To cause to be afraid. 3. To apprehend DK. To become restless, impatient DS. To be afraid, terrified TC.རྟས་ རྟས་LZ, ND, DS. བརྟ་ CD, DK, TC. བརྟས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྟ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ཨྀCD (see note). བརྟའ་DK. རྟས་LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS.TC.DS. TC.ལུས་དང་ཁམས་སོགས་ LZ. ཉམས་ ND. To grow wide, expand, be copious, abundant CD. To cause to grow up, to increase, enlarge DK. To grow in size, spread DS. To grow, increase TC.རྟིབ་ རྟིབ་CD,DS. བརྟིབས་CD,DS. བརྟིབ་CD,DS.རྟིབས་CD,DS. རྟིབ་ CD.DS.DS.རྡིབ་[CD]. 1. To break, pull down. 2. (in Sikkim) To beat thoroughly, thrash CD. To indent, make a mark on something DS.རྟུང་ རྟུང་CD. བརྟུངས་CD. བརྟུང་CD. To make less, to shorten, to contract (Jä) CD. Compare the variant of this verb སྟུང་CD, (Beyer 1992: 75).རྟུན་ རྟུན་LZ, DK. བརྟུནད་LZ, DK. བརྟུན་LZ, DK.རྟུནད་LZ.དགེ་ཆོས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To try hard, to make constant effort DK.རྟུལ་ རྟུལ་LZ, ND, DK TC. བརྟུལད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྟུལ་ TC. བརྟུལ་LZ, ND, DK, TC.རྟུལད་LZ, ND, DK. རྟུལ་ TC.ND, TC.TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).སྤྲོས་པ་རྣམས་ LZ. རྣོ་མན་ NDB. རྣོ་མིན་NDA. . To blunder, cause to become blunt, cause to become foolish DK. 1. To conclude, draw to a close, to gather up, draw together. 2. To tame. 3. (archaic) To strive, exert TC.རྟེན་ རྟེན་KYN,CD, DK, DS, TC. རྟེནད་ LZ. བརྟེནད་KYN,LZ, DK. བརྟེན་ CD, DS, TC. བརྟེན་KYN,LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྟེནད་KYN,LZ, DK. རྟོན་ CD. རྟེན་ DK, DS, TC.KYN,CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).གནས་དང་ཡུལ་སོགས་བཞན་ལ་ LZ. To keep, hold, adhere to, lean on CD. To base on, depend on, rest upon DK. To rely on, depend on DS. 1. To rely on, use as a support. 2. To stay, remain, live TC.རྟོག་ རྟོག་KYT,LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྟག་ ND. བརྟགས་KYT,LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྟག་ CD. བརྟག་KYT,LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྟོགས་KYT,LZ, ND, DS, TC. རྟོག་ CD. རྟགས་ DK. KY, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).བཟང་ངན་སོགས་ LZ. ལེགས་པར་ ND. To consider, examine, search into, muse upon CD. To examine, interrogate, experiment DK. 1. To make a small idea deeper. 2. To make judgments, after carefully examining the good and bad qualities of something DS. To coarsely investigate, analyze, judge TC.རྟོགས་ རྟོག་LZ, ND. རྟོགས་ CD, DK, DS, TC རྟོགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. རྟོག་ ND. རྟོགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྟོགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཚུལ་སོགས་ LZ. To perceive, to know, to understand CD. To ascertain, confirm, to understand DK. To understand a meaning after analysis DS. To know TC.རྟོད་ རྟོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྟོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྟོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྟོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.རྟ་སོགས་ LZ. ཕུར་བུས་རྟ་སོགས་ NDB. ཕུར་བུས་NDA. . To fasten, secure, tether CD. To tie, to fasten with pegs DK. To fasten cattle with a long rope in a grassy place to let them pasture DS, TC.རྟོན་ རྟོནད་LZ, ND. རྟོན་ CD, DK, DS, TC. རྟོནད་LZ. བརྟོནད་ ND. བརྟོན་ CD. བརྟན་ CD, DS, TC. བརྟནད་ DK. . རྟོན་LZ. བརྟོན་ ND, DK. བརྟན་ (DK), DS, TC.རྟོནད་LZ, ND, DK. རྟོན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Obl.](Hackett 2003).ཆོས་དང་དོན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ཡིད་ND. To place confidence in a person, to rely on, to adhere to, to act in accordance with CD. To trust, to have faith DK. To believe DS. To trust, have confidence in, believe TC.རྟོབ་རྟོབ་LZ. gives as the present of རྟབ་རྟོལ་1 རྟོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྟོལད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྟོལ་ CD, DS, TC. བརྟོལ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྟོལད་LZ, ND. DK. རྟོལ་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. རྡོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 260).རྣག་དང་སྐྲང་པ་སོགས་ LZ. ཆུ་བུར་སོགས་སྒོང་ ND. 1. To bore, to pierce, to perforate. 2. To be present in, at, to reach CD. 1. To pierce, to penetrate, hollow out, to prick holes DK. 1. To make a hole. 2. To show clearly DS. To dig, bore, dig out TC.རྟོལ་2 རྟོལ་DK, DS, TC. བརྟོལད་DK. བརྟོལ་ DS, TC. བརྟོལ་DK, DS, TC.རྟོལད་DK. རྟོལ་ DS. ཨྀ TC.[DS]. TC.[DS]. TC. To arrive, to reach a place, destination DK. To arrive DS, TC.ལྟ་1 ལྟ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྟས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ལྟས་ (CD). བལྟ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྟོས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྟ་ CD. ལྟས་ (CD).KYT, KYN, TD CD, ND, DS, TC. (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hackett 2003).མིག་གིས་ TD, ND. གཟུགས་དང་ལྟད་མོ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To look, take a look at, espy. 2. (common in West) To look for, to search for. 3. To view mentally, to consider, look into, examine, investigate CD. To look, to see DK. 1. To see with the eyes. 2. To examine, investigate. 3. To visit, see, call on. 4. To desire, crave, love. 5. To think, consider, ponder DS. 1. To see, know with the eyes. 2. To research, examine, analyze. 3. To desire, crave, love TC.ལྟ་2 ལྟ་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). [Erg. Abs.](Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). To read (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159).ལྟན་ ལྟན་TC. (archaic) To come, arrive, receive, get TC.ལྟབ་ལྟབ་CD, ND, DK, (DS). give as a present to ལྟེབ་ལྟམ་ བལྟམས་LZ, TC. ལྟམ་ CD, DK, DS, (TC). བལྟམས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བལྟམས་LZ, TC. བལྟམ་ CD, DK, DS.བལྟམས་LZ. ལྟམས་ DK. ལྟོམས་ DS. ཨྀ TC.DS. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).སྐུ་སོགས་ LZ. (honorific) To be born CD. To cause to be born, to give birth to DK. (honorific) To give birth to a child DS. To bear a child, give birth to a child TC.ལྟུང་ ལྟུང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ལྟུང་LZ, DK. ལྷུང་ CD, DS. ལྟུངས་ ND, TC. ལྟུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྟུང་LZ, DK. ལྟུངས་ ND. ཨྀ ND, DS, TC.ND. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).ཉེས་པ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ LZ. ངན་འགྲོར་༼ལྟུངས༽ ND. ངན་སོང་(-) ND. To fall, to fall down CD. To cause to fall down DK. 1. To fall down. 2. To become smaller, fewer DS. To fall down TC, (Duff). Root given as ltung < t + lhung (Hahn 1999: 125). Perhaps to be connected to the noun ཀླུང་ 'valley'. Compare also the syllable slungs occurring in the entries from (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997)སླུངས་སྟོད་སྨད་ 'place name' and སླུངས་ཚངས་ 'the lower juncture of a road' NWH.ལྟེབ་ ལྟེབ་LZ, (CD), (DK), DS, TC. ལྟབ་ CD, ND, DK, (DS). བལྟབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྟབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྟེབས་LZ, (DK), DS. ལྟོབ་ CD. ལྟོབས་ ND, TC. ལྟབས་ DK.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ལེབ་ 'flat' (?) NWH.གོས་དང་ན་བཟའ་སོགས་ LZ. གོས་སོགས་ ND. To fold, gather up, to lay together, put together CD. To fold up (clothes &c.) DK. To bend a flat thing and stack one of its two faces upon the other DS. To bend something back and forth and stack one of its two faces upon the other TC.ལྟེམ་ ལྟེམ་TC. ལྟེམ་TC. ལྟེམ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. (honorific) To be sick TC.ལྟེམས་ ལྟམ་CD, DK. ལྟེམས་DS. བལྟམས་CD, DK,DS. བལྟམ་CD, DK,DS.ལྟམས་DK. ལྟོམས་DS.DS.DS. To be full CD. To fill DK. 1. To fill up a vessel with something. 2. To attain, obtain much DS. Compare གཏམས་.ལྟོགས་ ལྟོགས་CD, DS, TC. ལྟོག་ DK. ལྟོགས་ DK, [DS], TC. ལྟོག་ DK. ལྟོགས་[DS], TC.ལྟོགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003). 1. To be hungry. 2. (acc. Sch.) To regret CD. To feel hungry DK. To want to eat food when the stomach is empty of food DS. The feeling which arises when there is no food TC.ལྟོས་ ལྟོས་CD, DS, TC. ལྟོས་[DS]. བལྟོས་ TC. ལྟོས་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.(Hoshi 2003).TC.DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.]CD, (Hackett 2003). To attend to, look at, on, to (akin to ལྟ་) CD. To examine, compare, evaluate DS. To mutually interact, for one thing to depend upon another TC.སྟང་སྟང་TCgives as the present of སྟངས་.སྟངས་ སྟངས་LZ. སྟང་TC. བསྟངས་LZ, TC. བསྟང་LZ, TC.སྟོངས་LZ, TC.TC.DS, TC.ཕན་ཞིང་བརྩེ་བས་ LZ. To help, to aid, to give help TC.སྟད་ སྟད་CD, DK. བསྟད་CD, DK. བསྟད་CD, DK.སྟད་CD, DK. To load, to put on, to lay on CD. To turn, to turn one's face, to give, to get ready DK.རྟབ་ རྟབ་CD. (acc. Sch.) To suffer, tolerate, yield CD.སྟར་ སྟར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. བསྟརད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྟར་ CD, TC. བསྟར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC.སྟརད་LZ, DK. སྟོར་ CD, TC. སྟོརད་ ND. CD, ND, DS, (Hoshi 2003).TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).གྲལ་དང་ས་གཞི་སོགས་ LZ. ལེགས་པར་ ND. 1. To file on a string (e.g. pearls), to tie, fasten to. 2. To clean, polish CD. 1. To practice, take an action. 2. To arrange, line up. 3. To put on. 4. To clean DK. 1. To set up, arrange. 2. To take in hand, do. 3. To decorate, adorn, embellish TC. perhaps not to be divided form སྟོར་, and in the meaning 'to clean' compare སྟར་.སྟི་ སྟི་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྟི་ LZ, CD. བསྟིས་LZ,CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྟི་LZ,CD, DK, DS, TC.སྟིས་LZ,CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC. གནས་སུ་LZ. 1. To rest, take rest, repose, refresh oneself. 2. To honor CD. To take, have rest, to stay restfully, to cause to situate DK. (archaic) To rest, relax, vacation DS. To stay in order to rest, relax TC.སྟིང་ སྟིང་CD, DS, TC. བསྟིངས་CD, DS, TC. བསྟིང་CD, DS, TC.སྟིངས་CD, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC. To rebuke, scold, abuse CD. (archaic) To threaten, menace, scold, insult DS. 1. To verbally point out faults in an abusive manner. 2. To belittle, disparage TC. Compare སྟེང་.སྟིབ་ སྟིབ་CD, DK. སྟིབས་ CD. བསྟིབས་DK. བསྟིབ་DK.སྟིབས་DK. (rare) To offer (sacrifice) (Jä) CD. To offer, worship, cause to collapse DK.སྟིམ་ སྟིམ་KYN,LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟིམས་KYN,LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟིམ་KYN,LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྟིམས་KYN,(LZ), CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཐིམ་ LZ.KYN,CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. འཐིམ་CD, (Beyer 1992: 116).ཡེ་ཤེས་པ་སོགས་ LZ. གཟུགས་པ་ NDB. གཟུགས་ལ་NDA. . To enter, penetrate, pervade, be absorbed in CD. To absorb, cause to merge DK. 1. To mix, combine into an undifferentiated essence, to cause to dissolve, combine. 2. To give, send DS. To combine, mix, dissolve as undivided, inseparable TC.སྟིར་ སྟིར་DK. བསྟིརད་DK. བསྟིར་DK.སྟིརད་DK. To take, have a rest DK. Likely a derivative of སྟི་.སྟུག་ སྟུག་DK. བསྟུགས་DK. བསྟུག་DK.སྟུགས་DK. To thicken, make thicker DK. Perhaps to be compared with བསྟུགས་.སྟུང་ སྟུང་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟུངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟུང་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྟུངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཐུང་ 'short' (Gyurme 1992: 260).ཐུག་ངུར་བྱས་པ་ TD. རྩིས་ངེས་དང་ཐག་པ་སོགས་ LZ. སྣ་སོགས་ ND. To shorten, to near, draw near CD. 1. To make shorter. 2. To make fewer DS. To make shorter TC. Compare the variant of this verb རྟུང་CD, (Beyer 1992: 75).སྟུད་ སྟུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྟུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. མཐུད་(ngag dbang tshul khrims 1996).སླར་ཡང་ LZ, ND. To repeat, reiterate, give, offer repeatedly CD. To piece on to join, to bow in greeting DK. To interrupt, cut a continuum, interstices DS. To break, cut a continuum TC.སྟུན་ སྟུནད་LZ. སྟུན་ CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྟུནད་LZ. བསྟུན་ CD, DS, TC. སྟུནད་ DK. བསྟུན་LZ, CD, DS, TC. སྟུན་ DK.སྟུནད་LZ, DK. སྟུན་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). མཐུན་(Gyurme 1992: 260).དགོངས་པ་དང་ཡུལ་སོགས་ LZ. To agree, to be accordant with CD. To smash in a mortar with a pestle DK. To be in harmony, accord, to follow after DS. To rely on, accord with another TC.སྟེག་ སྟེག་DS. སྟེག་[DS]. སྟེག་[DS].DS. To dance &c. DS.སྟེང་ སྟེང་LZ. བསྟེངས་LZ. བསྟེང་LZ.སྟེངས་LZསྐྱོན་ནམ་བརྙས་ཐབས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. the autograph almost certainly read སྟིང་ quid vide.སྟེན་ སྟེན་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟེན་TD, CD, DS, TC. བསྟེནད་ LZ, ND, DK. བསྟེན་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྟེནད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྟེན་ CD, DS, TC.TD, ND, CD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hackett 2003).བཤེས་གཉེན་སོགས་ TD. བཤེས་གཉེན་སོགས་རང་གིས་ LZ. བླ་མ་ལྷ་སོགས་ ND. 1. (akin to རྟེན་ but with accusative) To keep close to, adhere to, to retain, depend upon. 2. To side with, partake of. 3. To attend, wait upon, serve CD. 1. To accompany, keep as a teacher. 2. To cause to be together DK. 1. To request to be a student. 2. To do, behave, use. 3. To be firm in mind, find key mental points DS. To stay near, serve, accompany TC.སྟེམ་ སྟེམ་CD, TC. སྟེམས་CD. སྟེམས་CD. (seems to occur in popular literature and in colloquial) To shut, fasten (a door), to block (with a beam, bar) CD. (archaic) 1. To press. 2. To hit, strike. 3. To close a door TC.སྟེར་ སྟེར་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྟེརད་ND. བསྟེར་ CD. བསྟེརད་ DK. སྟེར་ [DS], TC. སྟེར་ND, [DS], TC. བསྟེར་ CD, DK.སྟེརད་NDA,DK. ཨྀ ND. སྟེར་ TC. ND.ND, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hackett 2003).ཕར་ལ་(sterd) ND. གཞན་ལ་(-) ND. 1. To grant, give, bestow. 2. (in the West) to feed, give food, drink (Jä) CD.སྟོང་ སྟོང་LZ, DK, DS, TC. སྟོངས་ CD. སྟོངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྟངས་CD. སྟོང་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྟང་CD.སྟོངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Instr.](Hackett 2003).བསྐལ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. To make empty, to be empty, become waste or desolate CD. To become empty, be empty DK. To finish, become nonexistent DS. To be empty, become finished. TC.སྟོངས་ སྟོངས་CD, DK. སྟོང་ DS., TC. བསྟངས་CD. བསྟོངས་DK, DS. སྟོངས་TC. བསྟང་CD. བསྟོང་ DK, DS. སྟོང་TC.སྟོངས་DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.DS. 1. To accompany CD. To help, benefit DK. To give help, aide DS. To ripen, mature, help, give aide TC.སྟོད་ སྟོད་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བསྟོད་CD. བསྟད་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བསྟད་LZ, ND, TC. སྟོད་ DS.སྟོད་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.འགྲོ་ཆས་དང་སྒ་སོགས་LZ. འགྲོ་ཆས་ND. To tether cattle (such as horses) (Situ 75) CD. 1. To saddle, affix a saddle on an animal. 2. To fly high (as a bird or airplane) DS. 1. To make preparations. 2. To turn toward TC (Duff).སྟོན་ སྟོན་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟན་KYT, KYNZ, CD, DS, TC. བསྟནད་KYNCW, LZ, ND, DK. བསྟན་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྟོན་KYT,CD, DS, TC. སྟོནད་ KYN, LZ, ND, DK.KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་དང་གདམས་ངག་སོགས་ LZ. བོན་ཆོས་དོན་ ND. To show, indicate (acc. of thing shown, dat. of person shown to) CD. To show, guide, preach DK. 1. To make someone see a goal. 2. To speak, tell. 3. To make someone understand or see something manifest DS. 1. To speak, tell. 2. To make someone understand something manifest TC.སྟོབ་ སྟོབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟབས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟབ་ CD. བསྟོབ་ CD (Cs.). བསྟབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྟོབ་ CD (Cs.).སྟོབ་LZ, CD. སྟོབས་ ND, DK, DS, TC. ཐོབ་ (ND).CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).བཟའ་བཅའ་དང་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ. ཞལ་དང་བྱིན་ལེན་སྣ་སོགས་ ND. 1. To put into another's mouth, to feed. 2. To offer, make a donation CD. To give, give and take DK. To give, offer something to another (e.g. food) DS. To offer, give TC.སྟོར་1 སྟོར་DK,DS, TC. བསྟོརད་ DK. བསྟར་DS, TC. བསྟོར་ DK. བསྟར་DS, TC. སྟོརད་DK.སྟོར་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).འཐོར་(Duff). To destroy, crush DK. To join together with rope or twine and bring together DS. 1. To break, scatter, disperse. 2. To clean TC. perhaps not to be divided from སྟར་.སྟོར་2 སྟོར་CD, ND, DS, TC. སྟོརད་ND. སྟོར་ [DS], TC. སྟོར་ND, [DS], TC.སྟོརད་ND. ཨྀ ND, TC.ND. ND, TC.DS. TC.བོར་བའི་ ND. To go astray, to be lost CD. To leave behind DS. To leave behind, loose TC.སྟོས་ སྟོས་TC, (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1996). (archaic) To give TC. To give, grant, distribute (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1996).བརྟ་བརྟ་ CD, DK, TC. give as the present of རྟས་བརྟན་ བརྟན་LZ. བརྟནད་LZ. བརྟན་LZ. བརྟནད་LZ.རྟེན་དང་ཞབས་པད་སོགས་ LZ. Surely to be linked with རྟོན་ or རྟེན་.བརྟུལ་ བརྟུལ་CD. To conquer CD.བལྟམས་བལྟམས་LZ, TC. give as the present to ལྟམ་.བསྟར་ བསྟར་CD, DS. བསྟར་[DS]. བསྟར་[DS].DS. 1. To sweep, clean, cleanse. 2. To appreciate, be aware of (Liç) CD. 1. To practice, experience take in hand. 2. To purify, make clean DS. Compare སྟར་.བསྟི་བསྟི་LZ. gives as the present to སྟི་.བསྟུ་ བསྟུ་CD. To bring together discordant elements, to collect in one heap things unlike one another CD.བསྟུགས་ བསྟུགས་CD To maker lower, to lower (Sch.) CD.བསྟུན་ བསྟུན་CD, DK. བསྟུནད་DK. བསྟུན་DK.བསྟུནད་DK. To be compared CD. To accord with, to cause to comply DK. not to be differentiated from སྟུན་. བསྟོད་ བསྟོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྟོད་ CD, (DK). བསྟོད་LZ, CD, DK, [DS], TC. བསྟོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བསྟོད་LZ, (DK), TC. སྟོད་ DK.DK, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Hackett 2003).བླ་མ་དང་ལྷ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To praise, commend, laud CD. To praise, to express one's admiration DK. To say good things about qualities DS. To praise TC.
ཐ་ཐད་ ཐད་(Hoshi 2003). ཐད་(Hoshi 2003). ཐད་(Hoshi 2003). ཐད་(Hoshi 2003).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210) [Abs] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). (honorific)To go (Hoshi 2003).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210) give this as a non honorific form of ཐེག་.ཐམས་ ཐམས་CD. 1. To lock together, hold fast with the arms (either in love or with anger). 2. To stick fast CD.(Hahn 1973: 430) suggests a verbal root tham 'to be complete' to which the adjective tham pa 'complete' and the adverb tham cad 'all together' are referable. ཐར་ ཐརད་LZ. ཐར་ CD, DK, DS, TC. ཐརད་LZ, DK. ཐར་ [DS], TC. ཐར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཐརད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Abl/Ela.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་བ་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. 1. To be freed, to be liberated. 2. To escape, get through, be able, pass CD. To be freed, liberated, to get through, cross a bar DK. To become free, to escape, slip away DS, TC.ཐལ་ ཐལད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཐེལ་ CD. འཐལ་CD. འཐལད་ DK. ཐལད་LZ. ཐལ་ DK, [DS], TC. ཐལ་LZ, [DS], TC. འཐལ་DK.ཐལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བྱ་བྱེ་སོགས་ཧ་ཅང་LZ. 1. To pass, to step by, to step beyond, miss a mark. 2. To elapse, be passed, to change, pass from. 3. To go, pass through. 4. To come, to get to, to arrive at. 5. To be over, past, finished, done CD. To cross a limitation, to pass beyond DK. To leave, go away DS. 1. To exceed the limit, overdo. 2. To go. 3. To go unimpeded TC.ཐིག་ ཐིག་DS, TC. ཐིག་[DS], TC. ཐིག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC. To be able to meet, adhere to a standard, limit DS. To know a standard, be able to adhere to a standard TC.ཐིགས་ ཐིགས་DS. ཐིགས་[DS]. ཐིགས་[DS].DS. To fall down (as droplets of water &c.) DS. Compare འཐིག་, ཐིང་ ཐིངས་DS. ཐིང་ TC. ཐིངས་[DS], TC. ཐིངས་[DS]. ཐིང་ TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. 1. To come clearly to the ear. 2. To come, arrive, to receive, obtain DS. To arrive, meet, reach TC.ཐིམ་ཐིམ་CD, (DS), TC. give as the present of འཐིམ་ཐུ་ ཐུ་ CD. To pluck, collect flowers CD.ཐུག་1 འཐུག་LZ. ཐུག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཐུག་LZ,DK, [DS], TC. ཐུག་LZ,DK, [DS], TC.ཐུག་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003).(Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). [Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117).ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. 1. To reach, arrive at, come to. 2. To interview, to encounter, to meet, to light upon CD. To meet DK. 1. To meet. 2. To arrive DS. To meet TC.ཐུག་2 ཐུག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཐུག་DK, [DS], TC. ཐུག་DK, [DS], TC.ཐུག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (colloquial) To touch, to hit, strike against CD. To touch, reach DK. To touch DS. To touch TC.ཐུབ་1 བཏུབ་LZ, CD, DS. ཐུབ་ (LZ), DK. བཏུབས་LZ, DK. བཏུབ་ [DS]. བཏུབ་LZ, DK, [DS].བཏུབ་LZ. ཐུབ་ (LZ), DK.DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ཐུབ་2NWH.བྱ་བ་དང་ཡིན་བརྟན་སོགས་ LZ. To be able CD. To enable, to make able DK. To be able DS.ཐུབ་2 ཐུབ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཐུབ་DK, TC. ཐུབ་DK, TC.ཐུབ་DK. ཨྀ TC.[CD], DS, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 149).TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཐུབ་1NWH. (potential verb with accusative or root of another verb) To be able, capable of, to withstand, to be equal to CD. To be able, to be capable of DK. (when suffixed to the present or future of a verb) To be able to do that verb DS. To have an opportunity to, to be able to TC.ཐུབ་3 ཐུབ་DS. ཐུབ་[DS]. ཐུབ་[DS].DS. (when suffixed to a noun) To prevail, withstand that noun DS.ཐུལ་ ཐུལ་CD, TC. ཐུལ་TC. ཐུལ་TC.ཐུལ་CD. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འདུལ་(Duff). To restrain, tame, curb, check CD. To be made suitable for an action, to become soft TC.ཐེ་ ཐེ་CD, DS, TC. ཐི་CD (in Central Tibet, Jä). འཐེ་DK. ཐེས་CD. ཐེ་ DK, [DS], TC. ཐེ་DK, [DS], TC.ཐེས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. 1. To belong, appertain to. 2. To occupy oneself with a thing, to meddle with, interfere. 3. To pertain to, be applied to, to be of use CD. To cause to involve, to cause to interfere DK. To be included in, belong to, to come together, be together DS. To be included in, to belong to, be placed in TC.ཐེག་1 ཐེག་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཐེགས་(CD). ཐེགས་DK. ཐེག་ [DS], TC. ཐེག་DK, [DS], TC. ཐེགས་DKཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འདེགས་NWH. 1. To support. 2. To lift, raise, hold up. 3. To endure, to be able to carry CD. 1. To bear, endure. 2. To lift. 3. To have a trip. 4. To be floated DK. To withstand, endure DS. To endure, to withstand, to carry, bear TC.ཐེག་2 འཐེགས་CD. ཐེག་DK, DS. འདེགས་TC. ཐེགས་TC. ཐེགས་DK, TC. བཏེག་ DS, TC. ཐེག་DK བཏེག་ DS. གཏེག་TC. ཐེགས་TC.ཐེགས་DK, DS. ཐེག་ TC. ཨྀTC.DS, [TC], (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210).TC.DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). 1. To prepare for a journey, to pack up. 2. To depart ('thegs) CD. To have a trip DK. To leave to, to depart for DS. (honorific) To go (thegs) TC. To go ('degs) TC.ཐེང་ ཐེང་TC. ཐེངས་TC. ཐེང་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To reach, complete, arrive at, pass (of a certain number or period of time) TC.ཐེད་ ཐེད་DS. ཐེད་[DS]. ཐེད་[DS].DS. To rip, tear (of wool &c.) DS.ཐེན་ ཐེན་DS. ཐེན་[DS]. ཐེན་[DS].DS. To love, be affectionate, friendly DS.ཐེབས་ ཐེབས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཐེབ་CD, DK. འཐེབས་ (DS). ཐེབས་LZ, CD, DK, [DS], TC. འཐེབས་ [(DS)]. ཐེབས་LZ, [DS], TC. ཐེབ་DK. འཐེབས་ [(DS)].ཐེབས་LZ. འཐེབས་DK ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འདེབས་CD, (Beyer 1992: 113).སྐུ་རིམ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To reach, arrive at. 2. To collect, assemble. 3. To be taken, be captured, to fall into. 4. To adjust, fit, cause to fit, make appropriate, make suitable (thebs) CD. 1. To be thrown, overthrown, seized by or with. 2. To be opened out, spread about. 3. (Sometimes used as an active verb instead of 'debs) ('theb) CD. 1. To be fallen in the hand of or in traps. 2. To fall sick. 3. To be accurate or required answers [sic.]. 4. To be hit at marks [sic] DK. To be struck by, contaminated, despoiled, to catch (a disease) DS. To reach, meet with, be struck by TC. This verb is frequently added to nouns to form new verbs, it generally indicates an involuntary verb or to show that an action was well done, whereas རྒྱག་/རྒྱབ་ is used in the same way to indicate volition (Chang 1984).ཐེམ་ཐེམ་CD. gives as a present of འཐེམས་ཐེམས་ ཐེམས་DS. འཐེམས་ (DS). ཐེམས་[DS]. འཐེམས་ [(DS)]. ཐེམས་[DS]. འཐེམས་ [(DS)].DS. To get, obtain DS.ཐེལ་ཐེལ་CD. gives as a present to ཐལ་ཐོགས་1 ཐོགས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཐོག་ DK. ཐོགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཐོགས་LZ, [DS], TC. འཐོག་DK. ཐོགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གདོས་བཅས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To strike, stumble, run against, to throw against, to be impeded, delayed CD. To be struck, blocked DK. 1 To meet an obstacle. 2. To take the hand, bind the body. 3. To exist, be present, become, be produced. 4. To be fond of, love, be friendly toward. 5. To block, impede, prevent DS. 1. To be delayed, made late. 2. To meet an obstacle. 3. To appear, be present, become, be produced TC.ཐོགས་2 ཐོགས་CD, TC. འཐོག་CD, DK. འཐོགས་CD. ཐོགས་DK, TC. ཐོག་DK. ཐོགས་TC.ཐོགས་DK, TC.TC. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To bear aloft (thogs) CD. 1. To take, bear away, carry. 2. To receive. 4. To name, to call ('thog)CD. To hold in ones hand DK. To carry, take TC.ཐོང་ ཐོང་TC. ཐོང་TC. ཐོང་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (An intransitive verb similar in meaning to གཏོང་) TC. To be given (Hackett 2003).ཐོབ་ཐོབ་CD. gives as the present of འཐོབ་.ཐོལ་ཐོལ་(CD) gives as the present of མཐོལ་.ཐོས་ ཐོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཐོས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཐོས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཐོས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞུང་ཚིག་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To hear. (originally had the sense of hearing at second hand, thus -) 2. To hear of, to have word of, to understand CD. To hear, to listen DK. To perceive sound with the ear DS. To listen, understand with the ears TC.མཐུག་ མཐུག་ND. མཐུག་ND.ཨྀND.[ND]. A verbal use of the adjective མཐུག་པོ་ 'thick, dense' NWH.མཐུད་ མཐུད་LZ, (CD), DK, DS, TC. འཐུད་CD. མཐུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. མཐུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཐུད་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཆད་པ་དང་སྣེ་སོགས་ LZ. To add on, make longer, piece on, prolong CD. To join, add on, continue, carry on, be carried DK. 1. To connect the ends (of something). 2. To make a distance shorter DS. To connect, link, join TC.མཐུན་ མཐུན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཐུན་ (CD). མཐུནད་LZ, DK. མཐུན་ [DS], TC. མཐུན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཐུན་LZ. མཐུནད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). སྟུན་(Gyurme 1992: 260).ཁམས་དང་ཐུགས་སོགས་ LZ. To agree with, to be accordant, to be on par with CD. To agree, to be in agreement, to become similar DK. 1. To be alike, similar. 2. To agree. 3. To be alright, be harmonious. 4. To help, assist, give aid DS. To be friendly, harmonious TC.མཐོ་ མཐོ་LZ, CD, ND. མཐོ་LZ, ND. མཐོ་LZ.མཐོ་LZ.(Hoshi 2003).མངའ་ཐང་དང་དབུ་རྨོག་སོགས་ LZ. To be high (Jä) CD.མཐོང་ མཐོང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཐོང་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC. མཐོང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཐོང་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལྟས་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To see, view. 2. To witness, observe (mentally). 3. (colloquial) To experience, endure CD. 1. To see. 2. To comprehend DK. 1. To see, know with the eyes. 2. To experience DS. To see, know, appear TC.མཐོལ་ མཐོལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཐོལ་ (CD), (DS). ཐོལ་ (CD). འཐོལད་ DK. མཐོལད་LZ. མཐོལ་ [DS], TC. ཐོལ་ DK. འཐོལ་[(DS)]. མཐོལ་LZ, [DS], TC. འཐོལ་DK. འཐོལ་[(DS)].མཐོལ་LZ. ཨྀ TC. ཐོལད་ DK. TC.DS.TC.ཐལ་མོ་ 'palm of the hand' CD.ལྟུང་བ་སོགས་ LZ. To confess CD. To reveal, come outward, confess DK. To tell ones faults openly DS. 1. To announce, proclaim, speak not secretly. 2. To speak openly about faults TC.འཐག་ འཐག་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཐོག་CD (Sch.). བཏགས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏག་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཐག་ (ND).ཐོགས་KYN,TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཐོག་ CD. འཐོག་ TC. འཐགས་ (DK).KYN,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265).ཐགས་དང་ཕྱེ་མར་ TD. ཕྱེ་སོགས་ LZ. ཞིབ་ཏུ་ ND. 1. To grind, crush. 2. To weave CD. To weave, grind DK. To produce cotton cloth, silk cloth, woolen cloth &c. from threads of wool, flax, cotton, silk, &c DS. 1. To destroy. 2. To make fine. 3. To weave cotton &c. TC. To attach (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265).འཐག་ འཐག་DS, TC. འཐག་[DS], ཐག་ TC. འཐག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To reduce by boiling DS. To dry up, dry out TC.འཐད་ འཐད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཐད་ND, DK, [DS], TC. འཐད་DK, [DS], TC.འཐད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be delightful, pleasant, agreeable, well pleasing. 2. (not governing a case) To please, to be acceptable, to be considered as good, to be (generally) admitted CD. To be delightful, to be pleasant, agreeable DK. 1. To come to a unanimous decision. 2. To want, desire. 3. To be alright, suitable. 4. To be in harmony, to accord DS. To be alright, suitable, allowed. 2. To want, desire, like, enjoy TC.འཐབ་ འཐབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཐབ་LZ, ND, [DS]. འཐབས་DK, TC. འཐབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཐབ་LZ. འཐབས་DK. འཐོབས་ TC.TC.DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དགྲ་སོགས་དང་ LZ. To fight, quarrel, dispute, brawl CD. To fight, struggle DK. 1. To brawl, fight, argue. 2. To strive, exert DS. 1. To fight. 2. To balance a budget TC.འཐམ་ འཐམ་CD, ND, DS, TC. འཐམས་DK. འཐམས་CD, ND, DS, TC. ཐམས་ DK. འཐམ་DK, DS, TC.ཐམས་DK. ཨྀ DS. འཐོམས་ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. 1. To seize, to lay hold of, to clutch, to attach oneself to, to realize mentally. 2. To join together, enlock CD. 1. To grasp, hold tightly. 2. To shut, close DS. 1. To hug, embrace. 2. To grasp tightly with the hand. 3. To close tightly, not to open once closed TC. Compare འཐེམས་ (?) NWH.འཐམས་ འཐམས་TC. (archaic) 1. To love, be kind. 2. To not finish, conclude. 3. To blame, scold TC.འཐལ་འཐལ་CD, DK. give as the present of ཐལ་.འཐས་ འཐས་ND. འཐས་ND. Probably a verbal use of the adjective འཐས་ 'hard, solid' NWH.འཐིག་1 འཐིག་CD. བཏིགས་CD. བཏིག་CD.CD. To cause to fall in drops, to distill (Jä) CD.འཐིག་2 འཐིག་CD, DS. འཐིགས་DK. འཐིགས་CD, DS. ཐིགས་ DK. འཐིག་DK, DS.ཐིགས་DK. ཨྀ DS.DS.[CD], DS. To fall in drops, to drip from CD. To leak through DK. (for droplets of water) To fall down DS. Compare ཐིགས་.འཐིབ་ འཐིབ་LZ, DS, (TC). འཐིབས་CD, DK, TC . འཐིབས་LZ, DS, TC. ཐིབས་ CD. ཐིབ་ DK. གཏིབས་CD. འཐིབ་LZ, DK, DS, (TC). འཐིབས་TC.ཐིབས་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS,TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཏིབ་ (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).མུན་པ་དང་བློ་དབང་སོགས་ LZ. To be covered, darkened CD. To be cloudy, gloomy DK. To thicken, roll in (of clouds and smoke) DS. To thicken, obscure TC.འཐིམ་ ཐིམ་CD, (DS), TC. འཐིམས་DK. འཐིམ་ DS. ཐིམ་DK, [(DS)], TC. འཐིམ་[DS]. འཐིམ་CD, DK, [DS]. ཐིམ་ [(DS)], TC.ཐིམས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྟིམ་CD, (Beyer 1992: 116). (with ལ་ or ནང་དུ་) To be lost (in something else), to melt down, be dissolved in, vanish CD. To merge into DK. To mix into an un-differentiable essence DS. To sink, dissolve, vanish TC.འཐུ་1 འཐུ་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འཐུས་LZ, CD, TC. ཐུ་ DK. འཐུ་LZ, DK, TC. ཐུ་ DK.འཐུ་LZ. ཐུས་ CD. ཐུ་ DK. འཐུས་TC. CD, TC. TC. TC.འདུ་(Beyer 1992: 112)འཐུན་'gatherer' NWH.ཤིང་དང་ལྕི་བ་སོགས་ LZ. To gather, collect, pick up CD. To collect, pick up, to collect wood for fuel DK. To gather collect TC.TC gives as transitive in its verb tables, but as intransitive in the text.འཐུ་2 འཐུ་LZ, DK. འཐུས་LZ, DK. གདུ་LZ, འཐུ་ DK.ཐུས་LZ. འཐུས་ DK.ཟས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To be included DK.འཐུ་3 སྡུས་LZ. འཐུ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡུད་LZ. ཐུས་ND, DS, TC. འཐུ་ DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.TC.མེ་ཏོག་དང་གཅེས་པར་ ND. To gather, collect, pick up CD. To group, to collect, to pick up DK. To bring together in one place a thing laying in pieces DS. 1. To gather, collect. 2. To gather, assemble TC.TC gives as transitive in its verb tables, but as intransitive in the text.འཐུག་འཐུག་LZ. gives as the present of ཐུག་འཐུང་ འཐུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཐུངས་LZ, CD. DS. བཏུངས་ (LZ), ND, DK, (DS), TC. བཏུང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཐུངས་LZ, ND, DK, DS. འཐུངས་TC.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hackett 2003).ཇ་ཆང་སོགས་ LZ. སྐོམ་དུ་ ND. To drink, to imbibe fluid CD. To drink DK. To imbibe liquid in the mouth DS. [To drink] TC.འཐུན་འཐུན་CD. gives as a present of མཐུན་.འཐུབ་ འཐུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK. བཏུབས་LZ, ND, DK. འཐུབས་ CD. བཏུབ་ CD. གཏུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK.ཐུབས་LZ. འཐུབ་ CD. ཐུབ་ ND. འཐུབས་ DK.CD, ND.ཤིང་དང་ལུས་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་སོགས་དུམ་བུར་ LZ. དུམ་བུར་ ND. To cut into pieces, to split CD. To hew, chop, cut to pieces DK. Compare གཏུབ་.འཐུམ་1 འཐུམ་CD, DK, DS, (TC). 'ཐུམས་ TC. འཐུམས་CD, DS, TC. ཐུམ་ DK. འཐུམ་CD, DK, DS, (TC). འཐུམས་TC.འཐུམ་CD. ཐུམས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS,TC.DS, TC. To cover, lay over, put over, wrap up, envelop CD. To be covered DK. To be cognitively unclear DS. 1. To have difficulty breathing. 2. To be mentally unclear TC.འཐུམ་2 གཏུམ་LZ, CD, TC. འཐུམ་ LZ, CD, ND, DS. གཏུམས་LZ. བཏུམ་ DK, CD. བཏུམས་ LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. གཏུམ་LZ, ND, TC. བཏུམ་ LZ, CD, DS. གཏུམས་ DK.ཐུམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཐུམ་ CD.ND, DS,TC. DS, TC.འཐུམ་1NWH.ཐུམ་ 'a cover'NWH.མགོ་སོགས་(gtum) LZ. གོས་དར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་('thum) LZ. གོས་ཀྱིས་ ND. To wrap round, wrap up, envelope, veil, cover (gtum) CD. To cover, lay over, put over, coat, wrap up, envelop ('thum)CD. To warp in, to cover DK. 1. To put a cover on the outside of something. 2. To be similar to covering with an outer cover (e.g. a mountaintop with mist) DS. To wrap, wrap up TC, (Duff).འཐུལ་ འཐུལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཐུལད་ DK. བཏུལད་LZ. ཐུལ་ DK, DS. འཐུལ་ TC. གཏུལ་LZ. འཐུལ་ DK, DS, TC.འཐུལད་LZ. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འདུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 260). གཏུལ་ (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).སྤོས་སོགས་ LZ. To raise, to spread, to smell of CD. 1. To be fumigated. 2. To be tamed DK. Once tamed, to act appropriately DS. To emerge, arise, occur (of smoke or smell) TC. Compare གཏུལ་.འཐུས་ འཐུས་DK, DS, TC. འཐུས་DK, [DS], TC. ཐུས་ (DK). འཐུས་DK, [DS] TC.འཐུས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To be permissible, to be right DK. To be capable, able, sufficient, effective DS. To be able permissible, all right TC.འཐེ་འཐེ་DK. gives as present of ཐེ་འཐེགས་འཐེགས་CD. gives as present of ཐེག་2འཐེང་ འཐེང་CD, DS, TC. འཐེངས་ (DS). འཐེང་[DS]. འཐེངས་ [(DS)], TC. འཐེང་[DS], TC. འཐེངས་[(DS)].ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To be lame, to go lame CD. For feet and hands to go lame DS. To be crippled, to be lame TC.འཐེན་ འཐེན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཐེན་LZ, [DS], TC. ཐེནད་ DK. འཐེན་LZ, [DS], TC. ཐེན་ DK.འཐེན་LZ, TC. འཐེནད་ DK.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 243), (Hackett 2003).ཐག་པ་དང་དབྱངས་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To draw, to pull. 2. To stop, to stop short, to halt (Jä). 3. (in West) To lean, recline upon CD. To pull, draw, delay, reduce, derogate DK. 1. To inhale. 2. To take, take out. 3. To pull, to drag. DS simply gives 'rope &c.' my translation based on (Goldstein 2001). 4. To fall in rank. 5. To collect, draw together. 6. To recite, sing DS. To pull, draw, lead. 2. To asses taxes. 3. To take longer, to prolong. 4. To inhale TC.འཐེབ་འཐེབ་CD, DK. give as the present of thebའཐེམས་ འཐེམས་CD, DK, DS. ཐེམ་CD. འཐེམ་TC. ཐེམ་DK. འཐེམས་ [DS]. ཐེམས་ TC. འཐེམ་DK, TC. འཐེམས་ [DS].ཐེམས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. 1. To shut in, comprise, cover, include. 2. To suffice ('thems) CD. 1. To be full, complete. 2. (in West) To be sufficient, enough (Jä) (them) CD. To be completed, to be filled, to be careful DK. To be tight, compact (of flesh and bone &c.) DS. To be complete TC. Compare འཐམ་(?) NWH.འཐོག་1 འཐོག་TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. བཏོགས་TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. བཏོག་TD, LZ, (ND), DS, TC. འཐོག་ ND.ཐོགས་TD, LZ, ND, DS. འཐོགས་TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྤུ་སོགས་ TD, ND. ཤ་རུས་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To pick, pluck (a fruit, flower &c.). 2. To depilate. 3. To peck (with the beak of a bird) DS. To cut, remove with the hand, to pluck, pick TC. Compare the syllable ཏོག་ in the words སིལ་ཏོག་ 'fruit', ཤིང་ཏོག་ 'fruit', མེ་ཏོག་ 'flower', ལོ་ཏོག་ 'harvest.'འཐོག་2འཐོག་CD, DK. give as the present to ཐོགས་2.འཐོག་3འཐོག་DK. gives as the present to ཐོགས་1.འཐོན་1 འཐོན་LZ, CD, DS. འཐོནད་DK. ཐོནད་LZ. ཐོན་ CD, DK, DS. ཐོན་LZ. འཐོན་DK, DS.ཐོནད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS.DS, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འདོན་(Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 260).ནང་ནས་ཕྱིར་ LZ. 1. To go out, come forth. 2. (in West, colloquial) To come, to arise. 3. To occur (Jä) CD. To go out, to come forth DK. 1. To come out from within. 2. To arrive. 3. To achieve, success DS.འཐོན་2 འཐོན་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཐོན་ CD, DS, TC. འཐོན་ DS, TC.ཨྀ DS. ཐོན་ TC.DS. TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). 1. To depart. 2. (in West, colloquial) To come, to arise. 3. To occur (Jä) CD. 1. To arrive. 3. To achieve, success DS. 1. To go. 2. To appear, arise. 3. To dawn, rise. 4. To arrive TC.འཐོབ་ འཐོབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཐོབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཐོབ་LZ, DK. འཐོབ་ CD, DS, TC.ཐོབ་LZ. འཐོབས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱལ་བའི་གོ་འཕང་སོགས་LZ. 1. To find, get, obtain (especially in West and Sikkim unacceptable in classical). 2. To get, obtain, procure, receive (in classical). 3. To become CD. To obtain, get DK. 1. To come in hand. 2. To take, seize. 3. To be worthy, suitable, conform to, comply with DS. To find TC.འཐོམ་ འཐོམ་LZ, CD, DS. འཐོམས་DK, TC. འཐོམས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཐོམས་ CD. ཐོམ་DK. འཐོམ་LZ, DK, DS. འཐོམས་ TC.ཐོམས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མགོ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To be confused, puzzled, to grope, to be stunned. 2. (in West) To doze, slumber (Jä) CD. To be bewildered, be confused, to be puzzled DK. To be confused, ignorant concerning things DS. To be confused TC.འཐོར་1 འཐོརད་LZ, DK. གཏོརད་ (LZ). གཏོར་CD, DS, TC. འཐོར་CD, (TC). ཐོརད་LZ. བཏོར་ CD. གཏོརད་ DK. གཏོར་[DS], TC. གཏོར་LZ, CD, DK, [DS], TC.ཐོརད་LZ. འཐོར་ CD. གཏོརད་ DK. གཏོར་TC.CD, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.འདོར་(Beyer 1992: 112).ཐོར་བུ་ 'liitle piece' NWH.མེ་ཏོག་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To be strewn, scattered. 2. To be dispersed, desiccated, burst (of a gun) ('thor)CD. 1 To scatter, strew, spread over (Moñ). 2. To cast, throw, throw out (gtor) CD. To spread over, strew, scatter DK. To spread out, separate individually. 2. To throw to the ground DS. To scatter, throw in small bits. 2. To tear apart, destroy TC. Compare སྟོར་.འཐོར་2 འཐོར་DK, DS, TC. ཐོར་DK, DS. འཐོར་ TC. འཐོར་DK, DS, TC.ཐོརད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. འཐོར་1NWH. To be separated, scattered DK. 1. To be individually separated. 2. For something to fall down DS. To fragment, become pieces, go in sundry directions TC. Compare སྟོར་.འཐོལ་འཐོལ་ (CD), DK, (DS). give as the present of མཐོལ་.
ད་དྭངས་ དྭངས་DK, DS, TC. དྭངས་DK, [DS], TC. དྭངས་DK, [DS], TC.དྭངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300). To be clear, to become clear, to awake to DK. To get rid of (filth, darkness &c.) DS. To clean, clear away TC. To heal, recover (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300).དད་ དད་CD, DK, DS, TC. དད་DK, [DS], TC. དད་DK, [DS], TC.དད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To believe, to have faith CD. To have faith, to have interest in, to long for DK. For earnest desire or delight to arise DS. 1. To believe faithfully. 2. To be happy, to love, be fond of, to crave TC. (Jä) suggests a relationship with འདོད་.དར་ དར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དར་LZ, [DS], TC. དརད་ DK. དར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དརད་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བསྟན་པ་དང་ཆོས་སོགས་LZ. To be diffused, grown up, to spread CD. To become popular, to become common, to spread out, to be increased DK. 1. To grow, increase upward. 2. To have a good coat, a good sheen, to grow fat, to put on flesh (for animals) DS. To grow, make larger TC.དུགས་ དུགས་CD, DS. དུགས་[DS]. དུགས་[DS].DS. 1. To make warm, to warm. 2. To light, to kindle (Jä) CD. To alternate between hot and cold things on the body in order to cure some diseases DS.དུང་ དུང་DS. དུང་[DS]. དུང་[DS].DS. To become clear, clean DS.དུངས་ དུངས་ ND, DS. དུང་(DS), TC. གདུངས་ND. དུངས་[DS], TC. དུང་[(DS)]. གདུང་ND. དུངས་ [DS]. དུང་[(DS)], TC.དུངས་ND. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.བརྩེ་བས་ ND. To love, be fond of DS. To cling to, carve, desire TC.དུད་1 དུད་CD, DS, TC. གདུད་CD. འདུད་DK. དུད་CD, DK, [DS], TC. འདུད་DK. དུད་[DS], TC.དུད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. འདུད་(Duff). To stoop, to bend CD. To hang down, to bend down, to be suspended from DK. To bend down DS, TC.དུད་2 དུད་CD. To tie, to knit CD.(Stein 1942: 205) suggests this verb is connected to འདུ་ 'gather together, unite, be married' སྡུད་ 'join, unite, marry' མདུན་མ་ 'spouse', འདུན་མ་ 'council, association, society, fiancé' མདུད་པ་'knot' and the word འདུན་མ་ 'assembly' found Dunhuang texts with the variants འདུན་ཚ་, འདུན་ས་, མདུ་ཙ་, བདུན་ཙ་. (Beyer 1992: 97) adds སྡུད་ 'fold of a garment'དུབ་ དུབ་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འདུབས་(DK). དུབ་LZ, DK, TC. དུབ་LZ, DK, TC. འདུབ་ (DK).དུབ་LZ, DK. དུབས་ (DK). ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.ཁུར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To be fatigued, to be tired CD, DK. To be warn out, tired (in body, mind) TC.དུར་ དུར་CD, DK. དུརད་DK. དུར་DK.དུརད་DK. To dispose of the dead, to keep a dead body CD. To keep a dead body, to bury, to eat DK.དུལ་ དུལ་DK. དུལད་DK. དུལ་DK.དུལད་DK.(Hoshi 2003). འདུལ་NWH. To become peaceful, to be tamed, make peaceful minded, to sober DK.དེད་ དེད་DS. དེད་[DS]. དེད་[DS].DS. To travel towards a goal, after looking at a path, road marker DS.དོ་ དོ་TC. དོ་TC. དོ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To be able TC.དོགས་ དོགས་CD, DS, TC. དྭོགས་ DK. དྭོགས་DK. དོགས་ [DS], TC. དྭོགས་DK. དོགས་ [DS], TC.དྭོགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To fear, dread, apprehend CD. To doubt, to be uncertain, to be afraid of DK. To examine, avoid DS. To doubt TCདོད་ དོད་CD, DK, TC. དོད་DK, TC. དོད་DK, TC.དོད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. (often with འབུར་དུ་) To project, to be prominent CD. To jut out DK. To stick out (like a form, design) TC.དོན་1 དོན་DK. དོནད་DK. དོན་DK.དོནད་DK.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003). [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). To come out DK. To leave, depart (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). 1. To get out, be away from, cross (a river). 2. To pretend. 3. To play (a role) (Hoshi 2003).དོན་2 དོན་(Hoshi 2003). དོན་ (Hoshi 2003).(Hoshi 2003). 1. To come out, emerge. 2. To have a boil. 3. To excrete, perspire, transpire. 4. To reach a state, condition, be destroyed, found. 5. To be published. 6. To get elected (Hoshi 2003).དྲ་དྲ་CD, DK. give as the present of འདྲ་དྲག་ དྲག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. དྲགས་LZ. དྲག་ DK, [DS], TC. དྲག་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དྲག་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ནད་སོགས་LZ. To recover from illness, to become better DK. 1. To recover from illness. 2. (dialect) To be without harm, without defect DS. To be clear of illness TC.དྲགས་ དྲགས་DS. (suffixed to verbs and adjectives) To past beyond measure DS.དྲན་ དྲན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དྲནད་LZ, DK. དྲན་ [DS], TC དྲན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དྲོནད་LZ. དྲནད་ DK. དྲོན་ DS. དྲན་ TC.DS, TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བླ་མའི་སྐུ་དྲིན་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To think, ponder. 2. (with ཡིད་ལ་) To remember, recollect. 3. To become conscious. 4. To think of with love or affection, to be attached to, to long for CD. To remember, recollect, to think of, to ponder DK. 1. For an earlier affair to come to mind again. 2. For an affair to come to mind. 3. To love, be affectionate toward DS. To not forget, to turn again and again in the mind TC.དྲས་དྲས་CD gives as a present of གྲས་དྲུབ་དྲུབ་CD, TC. give as the present of འདྲུབ་2དྲེགས་ དྲེགས་DK, TC. དྲེགས་DK, TC. དྲེགས་DK, TC.དྲེགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. TC. To be self-satisfied, to be haughty, to pride DK. To be full, bloated TC.དྲེད་ དྲེད་DS. དྲེད་[DS]. དྲེད་[DS].DS. To not avoid, to not be suspicious DS.དྲོ་ དྲོ་CD, TC. དྲོས་ DS. དྲོས་[CD], [DS], TC. དྲོ་TC. དྲོས་ [DS].ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྲོ་(Chang 1971: iv.9). To be warm CD. To heat up, warm because of sunlight, fire &c. DS. To be hot TC.གདང་ གདང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གདངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གདང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གདོངས་LZ, DS, TC. གདངས་ DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཁ་སོགས་ LZ. To gape, to open wide (the mouth and nostrils), to stretch CD. To open widely, to open mouth [sic], to cure a disease DK. For an opening to open wide DS. To open TC.གདམ་གདམ་(DS) gives as a present to འདེམ་གདའ་ གདའ་CD, DS. གདའ་[DS]. གདའ་[DS].DS. (honorific) 1. To be, to be there. 2. (with terminative infinitive of another verb) Expresses possibility of being or of doing CD. To stay, remain, exist DS.གདལ་1 གདལ་[CD], DK, DS, TC. བདལ་CD, TC. བདལད་DK. བདལ་ DS, TC. བདལ་DK, DS, TC. གདལད་DK. གདོལ་ DS. བདོལ་TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. འདལ་(Duff). To spread forth, to expend CD. To give away wealth, to cause to spread over, cover up DK. 1. To spread out. 2. To increase area by flattening DS. To spread, lay out TC.གདལ་2 གདལ་ TC. གདལ་ TC. གདལ་ TC.ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.རྡལ་(Duff). To spread, pervade TC.གདས་ གདས་LZ, DS, TC. གདས་LZ, [DS], TC. གདས་LZ, [DS], TC.གདས་LZ, TC.TC.DS, TC.གཏམ་དང་ཆོས་དོན་སོགས་LZ. To speak DS. To speak, request, understand TC.གདུ་1 གདུ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. གདུས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. གདུ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.གདུ་LZ. གདུས་ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.སྨན་དང་ཇ་ཁུ་སོགས་ LZ. ཐང་སོགས་ ND. 1. To stir up together, to mingle, mix up, to mix up drugs. 2. To covet, to hanker after CD. To boil for a long time (water &c.) DS. 1. To make thick by boiling. 2. (dialect) To desire, crave TC.གདུ་2 གདུ་ND, DS. གདུས་ND, DS. གདུ་ND, DS.ཨྀ ND, DS.ND, DS.DS.ཐང་སོགས་ ND. 1. To continue in a rolling boil. 2. To very quickly move back and forth (of water) DS.གདུག་གདུག་DS. gives as the present of བདུག་གདུང་ གདུང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གདུངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གདུང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གདུང་LZ. གདུངས་ DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྔག་བསྣགལསོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To be pained by physical causes, to be tormented, to be scorched CD. To torment, to cause to suffer, to harm DK. To suffer, to produce suffering DS. To suffer from pain or heat TC.(Beyer 1992: 84) suggests that 'jungs-pa (<*dyungs) 'avarice' derives via palatalization from the same as this verb gdungs 'desire, long for, feel pain'.གདུང་ གདུང་CD, DS, TC. གདུང་[DS]. གདུངས་ TC. གདུང་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To desire, to long for CD. To love, to be fond of DS. To strongly wish for, desire TC.(Beyer 1992: 84) suggests that 'jungs-pa (<*dyungs) 'avarice' derives via palatalization from the same as this verb gdungs 'desire, long for, feel pain'.གདུད་གདུད་CD. gives as the present of དུད་གདེག་གདེག་LZ. gives as the present of འདེགས་གདེང་ གདེང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གདེངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གདེང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གདེངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཕྱག་མཚན་སོགས་LZ. To raise, to lift CD. To raise something for hitting, to cause a weapon [sic] DK. To raise up, lift up, brandish DS. To raise, preparing to strike TC.གདོན་ གདོན་LZ. གདོནད་LZ. གདོན་LZ.གདོནད་LZ.གདོན་ 'demon' NWHའབྱུང་པོ་དང་རྫས་ངན་གྱིས་ LZ.བདག་ བདག་DK, TC. བདག་DK, TC. བདག་DK, TC.བདག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.བདག་ 'self, owner' NWH. To own, belong to, preserve DK. To own, to have power over TC.བདམ་ བདམ་DS. བདམས་DS. བདམ་DS.བདམས་DS.DS.DS. To ask a superior about a secret, hidden affair, to speak to a person about a secret matter DS.བདའ་ བདའ་DS. བདའ་[DS]. བདའ་[DS].DS. To crave food DS.བདར་ བདར་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བདརད་LZ, DK. བདར་ [DS], TC. བདར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བདར་LZ. བདརད་ DK. བདོར་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བདེན་ཚིག་དང་ཟས་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. (archaic) 1. To adjust exactly, adjust in a very accurate manner. 2. To pray earnestly (in casting lots and in divination). 3. To grind, polish, rub, file CD. 1. To prove a statement by interrogating whether it is true or false. 2. To make clean by sweeping. 3. To grind DK. 1. To speak words which pass judgment. 2. To arrange and then invite. 3. To plane, and sand DS. 1. To arrange. 2. To [go] in front. 3. To speak. 4. To plane, file, grind finely. 5. To clean off, wipe, rub TC.(Beyer 1992: 75) sees rdar (<bdar) as a 'weakend' form of this verb, and consequently sees bdar as the older form.བདལ་བདལ་CD, TC give as the present of གདལ་1བདུག་ བདུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. གདུག་DS. བདུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བདུག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བདུགས་LZ, ND, DK, TC. ཨྀ ND. ཐུགས་DS.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.TC.གུ་གུལ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. སྤོས་སོགས་ (bdugs) ND. སྤྲོས་དྲི་ (-) NDB. སྤོས་དྲི་ (-) NDA. To fumigate, to burn incense, to wing the censor CD. To burn incense, to fumigate DK. To waft, spread (smoke, smells) DS. [To fumigate] TC.བདུང་ བདུང་LZ, CD, (DK), DS, TC. འདུང་ DK. བདུངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བདུང་LZ, DS, DK, TC. དུངས་LZ. འདུངས་ DK. བདུངས་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.གཞུ་སོགས་LZ. To pull a bow string [CD]. To bend down a bow with an arrow by pulling the string DK. To pull a bow string DS. To pull, to bend hither TC.CD suggest comparison with རྡུང་.བདོ་ བདོ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བདོ་DK, [DS], TC. བདོ་DK, [DS], TC.བདོ་DK. ཨྀ T C.TC.DS, TC. 1. (chiefly in reference to sin and evil) To increase, spread, diffuse. 2. (used with la) To hurt, injure (a person) CD. To increase, to spread widely DK. To spread, fill, multiply DS. To increase, spread, fill TC.བདོག་ བདོག་CD, DS. བདོག་[DS]. བདོག་[DS].DS. (generally with la) To get, take possession of CD. To have DS.བདོད་ བདོད་LZ. བདོད་LZ. བདོད་LZ.བདོད་LZ.རི་མོ་དང་འབུར་དུ་ LZ.མདུང་ མདུང་CD. མདུང་ 'spear'NWH. To sting, to pierce with a spear CD.མདུད་ མདུད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. མདུད་LZ, [DS], TC. མདུད་LZ, [DS[, TC.མདུད་LZ, TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྲུང་སྐུད་སོགས་LZ. To untie a knot CD. To tie, bind DS. To tie, bind TC.འདག་ འདག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དག་LZ. འདག་ ND, DK, DS, TC.དག་LZ. འདག་DK. འདགས་ (DK). ཨྀ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Hackett 2003).དྲི་མ་སོགས་ LZ. དྲི་མ་ ND. To lick off CD. To be clean, to become pure DK. To clear away (smell, color &c.). 2. To overstep a nation's law. 3. To disappear once dead DS. To become clean TC.(Beyer 1992: 77) suggests this as evidence of the sound change zl à *lz à *ld à 'd, connecting it to the verb ldag 'lick' and zlag (zlog (?)) however he seems to rely to heavily on CD for his definition, compare ldag.འདང་ འདང་CD, DS, TC. འདངས་CD, TC. འདང་ [DS]. འདང་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. 1. To be right, to suit. 2. To come to, to arrive at (Sch.) CD. 1. To reach a certain measure. 2. bkol yun ring ba steDS. To reach a certain number TC.འདད་ འདད་DS. འདད་[DS]. འདད་[DS].DS. gshin las byed pa'i donDS.འདམ་1 འདམ་TC. བཏམ་TC. གཏམ་TC.ཐོམ་TC.TC.TC. To entrust, commit to another TC.འདམ་2འདམ་CD, DS, TC. give as the present of འདེམ་.འདའ་ འདའ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འདས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འདའ་LZ, CD, DS, TC.འདའ་LZ. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Abl./Ela.] (Hackett 2003).དམ་ཚིག་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To pass away, to go beyond, to surmount, get the better of CD. 1. For time to elapse. 2. For a number to increase, to pass beyond the boundary of a group. 3. To die. 4. For a period of time to be finished. 5. To be superior in a characteristic DS. 1. To pass beyond a boundary. 2. For life to finish, to die TC.(Beyer 1992: 77) gives this as evidence of the sound change zla à lza à lda à 'da. འདར་ འདར་DK, DS, TC. འདརད་DK. འདར་[DS], TC. འདར་DK, [DS], TC.འདར་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To shiver, to tremble (usually with cold or fear), to shudder DK. 1. For something to very quickly move back and forth. 2. To reverse, change DS. To quiver, shake TC.འདལ་1 འདལ་ CD, DS, TC. འདལད་DK. དལད་DK. འདལ་[DS], TC. འདལ་DK, [DS], TC.འདོལད་DK. འདོལ་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.བདལ་(Duff). To sink down CD. To spread over, to be absorbed, to smudge DK. To become larger through soaking with water DS. To spread TC.(Duff) also connects the verb to གདལ་.འདལ་2 འདལད་DK. དལ་DK. འདལ་DK.དལད་DK. To be free from other works, to be slow DK.འདིང་ འདིང་KYT,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འདིངས་LZ, (DK). བཏིངས་KYT,TD, LZ, ND, DS. བཏིང་ CD, DK, TC. གདིང་KYT,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏིང་ LZ.ཐིངས་KYT,LZ, CD, ND, DS. ཏིངས་TD, LZ. ཐིང་TC.KYT,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གདན་སོགས་ TD, LZ. གདན་དུ་NDA. . བདན་དུ་ NDB. To spread on the ground (a mat &c.), lay out, sprinkle, strew (grass, hay) CD. To spread mats &c., to lay down foundations, to plan DK. To spread something on the surface of the ground DS. To organize, lay out on the ground TC.འདུ་ འདུ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འདུས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འདུ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.འདུས་LZ, ND, TC. ཨྀ DS.DS, (Hoshi 2003).ND, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྡུད་CD, (Laufer 1915: 62), (Gyurme 1992: 260). འཐུ་(Beyer 1992: 112).གནས་དང་ཚང་སོགས་ལ་LZ. མགྲོན་བཞི་སོགས་ ND. 1. To collect, accumulate. 2. To come together, to assemble (of men and animals). 3. To get married, to unite, to join together. 4. (in philosophical language) To unite. 5. To consist of, in CD. 1. For many things to assemble. 2. To classify. 3. To mix together DS. To assemble TC.(Stein 1942: 205) suggests this verb is connected to དུད་ 'tie' སྡུད་ 'join, unite, marry' མདུན་མ་ 'spouse', འདུན་མ་ 'council, association, society, fiancé' མདུད་པ་ 'knot' and དུན་མ་ 'assembly' found in Dunhuang texts along with the variants འདུན་ཚ, འདུན་ས་, མདུ་ཙ་, བདུན་ཙ་. To this (Beyer 1992: 97) adds སྡུད་ 'fold of a garment.'འདུག་1 འདུག་CD, ND, DS, TC. འདུག་ND, [DS], TC. འདུག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To sit, remain. 2. To be CD. 1. To sit. 2. To remain, exist DS.འདུག་2 འདུག་CD, DS, TC. If annexed to a simple root, the present tense is usually indicated, used with kyi, gin, gi a periphrastic present tense. With nas, bas, te and shing an imperfect tense with the sense, 'it seems' CD. Auxiliary verb of the present stem DS. 1. To sit, to stay. 2. To exist obviously TC.འདུང་འདུང་DK. gives as the present of བདུང་.འདུད་ འདུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS. འཐུད་ ND. གདུད་ TC.འདུད་LZ, DK. ཐུད་ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). དུད་(Duff).ཞབས་སོགས་ལ་LZ. ཞབས་ལ་ND. To bend, to make a bow CD. To bow in greeting, to respect, to salute DK. 1. To bend down. 2. To arrive in a near place DS. To bow, pay respect TC.འདུད་འདུད་DK gives as the present of དུད་འདུན་ འདུན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འདུནད་LZ, DK. འདུན་[DS], TC. འདུན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. འདུནད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To long for, crave, to hanker after CD. To desire, wish earnestly, to want, to expect DK. To hope, to aspire for DS. To hope, desire, seek TC.འདུམ་ འདུམ་CD, DS, TC. འདུམས་DS, TC. འདུམ་DS, TC.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྡུམ་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260) To bring to reconciliation, to reconcile one's self to, to be reconciled with CD. To be alright, to be harmonious DS. 1. To be alright, to be harmonious. 2. (archaic) To become shorter TC.འདུར་1 འདུར་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འདུརད་LZ. འདུར་ [DS], TC. འདུར་LZ, [DS], TC.འདུརད་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དུད་འགྲོ་སོགས་ཀྱི་བང་རྩལ་ LZ. To trot, to run in a trot CD. To go DS. 1. To go moderately slow. 2. To fall apart, fall into pieces. 3. To be pressed down on TC.འདུར་2 འདུར་(Stein 1988: 45). བདུར་(Stein 1988: 45). (in Bon literature) To perform the main act of a Bon-po funeral rite (Stein 1988: 45).འདུལ་ འདུལ་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏུལ་KYT, KYN, DK, DS, TC. བཏུལད་ LZ, ND. ཐུལ་CD. གཏུལ་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཐུལ་KYT,CD, DS, TC. ཐུལད་ KYN, LZ, ND.KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). དུལ་NWH. འཐུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 260).རང་གཞན་སྦྱིན་བདག་སོགས་ LZ. བདུད་དང་ཚོན་སོགས་ ND. 1. To subdue, conquer, vanquish, kill, annihilate. 2. To till, cultivate (waste land). 3. To tame, bring under right discipline. 4. To convert CD. To subdue, to subjugate, to bring under control, to tame, make useful DK. 1. To defeat. 2. To tame (a horse &c.). 3. To change, transform. 4. To powder, reduce to powder DS. To make something bad good TC. Compare གདུལ་.འདེགས་ འདེགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གདེག་ LZ. འདེག་ CD, (DK). བཏེགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS. བཏེག་ CD, (ND), DK, (DS), TC. གཏེགས་KYT, KYN. གཏེག་ TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏེག་ LZ.ཐེགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DS. ཐེག་ CD, (DS), TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཐེག་1NWH.འོག་མས་གོང་དུ་TD. གདུང་མ་སོགས་ ('degs) LZ. གྱེན་དུ་('degs) LZ. གོང་ངམ་གྱེན་དུ་ (gdeg) LZ. སྲང་དང་ཡར་ལ་ ND. 1. To lift, raise, hold up, hoist. 2. To weigh CD. To raise up, to lift up, to offer, to weight, measure DK. To [put] something up high DS. 1. To lift up, raise up. 2. To lift upon a scale TC.འདེགས་2འདེགས་TC. gives as the present of ཐེག་2འདེང་ འདེང་LZ, CD, DK, DS. དོང་LZ. དེང་ (LZ), CD. འདོངས་ (LZ). དེངས་CD, DK, DS. འདེངས་CD. འདོང་LZ. དེང་ DK. འདེང་ DS.དེངས་LZ. འདེང་ CD. འདེངས་ DK.ཨྀ DS.DS.DS.འདི་ནས་གཞན་དུ་ LZ. To go, go away, depart, vanish CD. To go, to send a person DK. To clear, vanish (of clouds, smoke &c.) DS. Compare འདོང་.འདེད་1 འདེད་KYN,LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བདའ་CD. བདས་KYN,LZ, CD, (NDB), DK, DS, TC. དེད་ND. བདའ་KYN,LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འདེད་(ND).དོས་ KYN (archaic), LZ. དེད་KYN,(LZ), DK, DS, TC. དོད་ ND.KYN,ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐུན་མ་སོགས་LZ. རྗེས་སུ་ND. 1. To drive, to drive out. 2. To bear away, bear along, bear off, to hurry off. 3. To call in, collect, recover CD. To drive, to chase DK. 1. To drive away, expel. 2. To chase after in order to apprehend DS. 1. To drive away, to chase after. 2. To incite, provoke, make act. 3. To count, look into, investigate TC.འདེད་2 འདེད་LZ, CD, ND, DS. དེད་ CD. དེད་LZ, CD, ND, DS. བདས་(NDB) དེད་ LZ. བདའ་ND. འདེད་(ND), DS.དེད་LZ, CD. དོད་ ND. ཐེད་DS.CD, ND, DS.DS. རྗེས་ནས་LZ. རྗེས་སུ་ND. 1. To follow, to come out in succession, to succeed. 2. To drive, pursue CD. 1. To urge (cattle &c) to return. 2. To chase after (game animals &c.) in order to catch. 3. To collect a debt. 4. To probe, to pursue thorough investigation. 5. To drive away DS.འདེབས་ འདེབས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏབ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཏབ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འདེབས་ CD.ཐོབ་KYT,TD, CD, TC. ཐོབས་ KYN, ND, DK DS.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཐེབས་(Beyer 1992: 113).ས་བོན་སོགས་ TD. སྨོན་ལམ་དང་ས་བོན་སོགས་LZ. གསོལ་བ་སྨོན་ལམ་ཀི་སོགས་ ND. To throw, strike, hit, offer (Rdo 46) CD. To sow, to pray, to defame, libel falsely, to reply, answer DK. To put a seed under ground, and make it grow DS. 1. To sow, newly plant. 2. To do. 3. To ask, offer, pray TC.འདེམ་ འདེམ་ LZ, CD, DK, (DS). འདམ་CD, DS, TC. གདམ་ (DS). བདམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. གདམས་ DK. བདམ་ LZ, DK, (DS), TC. གདམ་(DK) DS. འདེམས་LZ, DK, DS. འདོམས་ TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. མང་པོ་ནང་ནས་LZ. To pick out, to mark out, to choose ('dam) CD. To prove, examine (Sch.) ('dem) CD. To choose, to select, to elect DK. [To select] from the midst of many DS. To choose, select TC.འདོག་ འདོག་DS. བཏགས་DS. གདག་DS.ཐོགས་DS.DS.DS. To disappear after dying DS.འདོགས་ འདོགས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏགས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གདགས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཐོག་(Zeisler 2004: 349). ཐོགས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མིང་སོགས་ TD. མིང་དང་སྙན་ཤལ་སོགས་ LZ. དམ་དང་མིན་ཕན་སོགས་ND. To bind, fasten, attach, to tie round CD. To name, to put on, to wear ornaments, to hang, suspend from, to make a false accusation DK. 1. To tie, link (rope &c.). 2. To name something. 3. To speak about nothing (a fault, mistake &c.). 4. To establish benefit DS. To tie, bind TC.(Haarh 1969: 313) refers the noun བདག་ 'owner, self' to the past stem of this verb, he also connects this verb with the archaic terms དོག་, རྡོག་, and བདོག་. འདོང་ འདོང་CD, ND, DS, TC. འདོངས་ DK. དོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འདོང་CD. དེངས་ ND. འདོང་ND, DK, TC. དོང་ DS.དོང་CD. འདོང་CD. དེངས་ND, DS, TC. དོངས་ DK.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཕྱིར་ལ་ND. (archaic) To go, to proceed CD. To go DK. (archaic) To go, travel DS. To go, go out, depart TC. Compare འདེང་.འདོད་ འདོད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འདོད་LZ, [DS], TC. འདོད་LZ, [DS], TC.འདོད་LZ. ཨྀ TC.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 248).TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གོ་ས་སོགས་ LZ. To desire with the mind, to wish, to be willing CD. To be agreeable, to like, to come to mind. 2. To assert, claim DS. 1. To want, desire, crave. 2. To assert, claim TC. (Jä) suggests a relationship with དད་.འདོད་2 འདོད་DS. gives as the present of གཏོད་.འདོན་ འདོནད་(see note). འདོན་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཏོན་KYT, KYN, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཏོནད་ TD, LZ, ND. གདོན་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཐོན་KYT,CD, DS, TC. ཐོནད་ KYN, TD, LZ, ND. འདོནད་ DK.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཐོན་(Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 260).མ་྄྄ཨི་སོགས་TD. ཚོགས་པའི་ནང་ནས་དང་ཁ་དོན་སོགས་LZ. ཁུང་ནས་དང་ཁ་འདོན་ ND. To cause to go out, come forth, expel, throw out, eject CD. To take, bring out, to expel, turn out DK. 1. To read a book. 2. To take out, draw out. 3. To speak DS. 1. To take out, open. 2. To speak, read. 3. To enthrone, install in power TC.Attested in the phrase འདོན་འདོནད་(Richardson 1985: 45 line 15). (Zeisler 2004: 458) interprets འདོནད་ as the present, whereas (Li & Coblin 1987:414) give འདོན་འདོནད་ as the 'continuative' of འདོན་. འདོམ་ འདོམ་DS, TC. འདོམ་[DS]. འདོམས་ TC. འདོམ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To mix, encounter DS. To gather together, bring to one place TC.འདོམས་ འདོམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འདོམ་ CD. གདམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གདམས་LZ, CD. གདམ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འདོམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བཀའ་བསྟན་གྱི་མན་ངག་སོགས་ LZ. བཀའ་སོགས་ ND. 1. To induce, to admonish, to exhort. 2. To assemble, to come together. 3. To demonstrate, explain. 4. To select, to choose CD. To give advice, to advise DK. To teach with helpful words DS. To show, to teach TC.འདོར་ འདོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དོརད་LZ, ND, DK. དོར་ CD, DS, TC. དརད་༼྄༽ (Li and Coblin 1987: 161 n. 9). དོར་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འདོར་ ND.དོར་LZ, CD, DS, TC. དོརད་ ND. འདོརད་ DK.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཐོར་(Beyer 1992: 112).བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་སོགས་ LZ. འདོར་བྱ་ ND. To cast forth, to throw out, to eject, to reject, to fling away, to sweep off, sweep away, to give up CD. To throw, to give up, to cast aside DK. 1. To separate, break a connection. 2. To discard, throw away. 3. To not carry mentally DS. To give up, send away, discard, throw away TC.འདྲ་1 འདྲ་CD, DK, DS, TC. དྲས་DK, DS, TC. དྲ་DK, DS, TC.དྲོས་(Zeilser 2004: 349), DS, TC. དྲས་DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To cut, clip, lop, dress, prune, pare with a knife or scissors CD. To cut a piece of cloth for stitching DK. To cut with scissors, to cut with a saw DS. To cut TC.འདྲ་2 འདྲ་DS, TC. འདྲ་[DS]. འདྲ་[DS]. DS. [Abs. Ass.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be similar. 2. To be one. 3. To be equal, alike DS. To be similar TC.འདྲད་ འདྲད་(CD), ND, DK, (DS), TC. འབྲད་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྲད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དྲད་ DK. འདྲད་ TC. དབྲད་CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲད་NDB, TC. འབྲད་NDA. . དྲད་ DK.བྲོད་CD, DK, TC. བྲད་ND. འདྲད་ DK. ཕྲོད་ DS. འདྲོད་ TC. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཟ་བུན་ND. To scratch, scrape, tear with the claws CD. To scratch, to rub with the finger nails, to rub ('drad) DK. To scrape with finger nails, to scratch, to rub, to draw ('brad) DK. To dig at the hard top surface (e.g. of the ground) DS. To pick, pluck, tear ('drad) TC. To comb, scrape ('brad) TC. Compare ཧྲད་.འདྲད་2འདྲད་DK. gives as the present of འདྲེད་.འདྲལ་ འདྲལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དྲལད་LZ, DK. དྲལ་ CD, DS, TC. དྲལ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དྲོལད་LZ. འདྲལད་ DK. དྲོལ་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS. TC.རལ་(Sprigg 1970: 16), (Chang 1971: i.4).བཅས་པ་དང་གོས་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To break, violate. 2. To tear to pieces, rend asunder, to rip open (an animal) CD. To cause to be shameless, to do with out, to break, violate a promise or law DK. 1. To spew forth from a hole in the outer layer of. 2. For something old to become rags, tatters DS. To violate, break TC. Compare ཧྲལ་.འདྲི་ འདྲི་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. དྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འདྲིས་ CD. དྲི་LZ, ND, DS, TC.དྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དོགས་གནས་དང་གཏམ་སོགས་ LZ. བཏམ་ NDB. གཏམ་NDA. . To ask, to ask for, enquire after CD. To ask another person to clarify key unknown points, or one's own ignorance DS. To ask TC.འདྲིང་ འདྲིང་(Li 1959). རིངས་(Li 1959).སྲིང་NWH.རིང་ 'long' (Li 1959). 1. To be distant. 2. (གློ་བ་ ~) To be disloyal (Li 1959).འདྲིད་ འདྲིད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འབྲིད་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, (TC). དྲིད་LZ, DK. བྲིད་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དྲིད་LZ, DK. བྲིད་ LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དྲིད་LZ. བྲིད་ LZ, ND, DS, TC. འབྲིད་DK.TC.TC.སྒྱུ་ཐབས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་('drid) LZ. སྒྱུ་ཐབས་ཀྱིས་('brid) LZ. བསླུ་བའི་ND. To entrap, delude, deceive, beguile, impose on CD. To deceive, to delude DK. To interest hither through deceptive means or objects DS. To deceive TC.འདྲིལ་ འདྲིལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲིལ་(TC). དྲིལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲིལ་DK. དྲིལ་ DS, TC.དྲིལད་DK. དྲིལ་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD (def. 3), DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] 'to roll (into)' (Hackett 2003).[Abs. Obl.] 'to roll down' (Hackett 2003).རིལ་བ་ 'round' (Sprigg 1970: 16) (Beyer 1992: 73), 'scroll'(Rona-Tas 1978: 359). ཧྲིལ་པོ་ 'round, globular, dense' (Rona-Tas 1978: 359) 1. To roll down, to be rolled along, be rolled down. 2. To be joined, entwined, wrapped, enveloped. 3. To wrap up, to coil, to roll about CD. To be rolled along, to be rolled down, to be struck DK. 1. To bring together in one place. 2. To make round, into a ball, roll up DS. 1. To make round, form into a ball. 2. To roll up (e.g. a scroll painting). 3. To gather TC.(Rona-Tas 1978: 359) calls འདྲིལ་ 'to be turned, rolled round, twisted into a thing.' the 'passive' of འགྲིལ་ 'to be twisted, to be turned round' with སྒྲིལ་ 'to wind up, roll, wrap' the 'transitive'. འདྲིས་ འདྲིས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲིས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. འདྲིས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འདྲིས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ལུས་སེམས་ལ་ LZ. To be well acquainted with, to know intimately, to be accustomed to CD. To be acquainted with, to be known, to be used to, to be associated with DK. 1. To acquire familiarity with. 2. To be fond of, to love DS. To get familiar with, to get accustomed to TC.འདྲུ་ འདྲུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. འབྲུད་(LZ), (DS), TC. འབྲུ་ CD, DK, DS, TC. དྲུས་LZ, ND, DK, TC. བྲུས་ (LZ), CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲུ་LZ, ND, TC. འབྲུ་ (LZ), TC. དྲུ་ DK. བྲུ་ DK, DS, TC.དྲུས་LZ, ND, TC. བྲུས་ (LZ), DK, DS, TC. འདྲུས་DK. འབྲུས་(DK).ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཚང་དང་ཁུང་བ་སོགས་LZ. ཁུང་བུ་ND. To dig a hole, ditch ('dru) CD. To pry into, scrutinize, probe, inflame, irritate ('bru) CD. To dig a hole, ditch, to dig ('dru) DK. To dig earth, to make a hole, to dig out, to search out ('bru) DK. 1. To dig a hole. 2. To find faults DS. To dig ('dru) TC. 1. To take out. 2. To dig, dig out ('bru) TC. To dig, dig out ('brud) TC.འདྲུགས་ འདྲུགས་CD. 1. To stir up, agitate. 2. To fall into small pieces, to crumble away (Sch.) CD.འདྲུད་ འདྲུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དྲུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དྲུད་LZ, DK. འདྲུད་ ND, DS, TC.དྲུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཤིང་དང་སློག་ཧྲུལ་སོགས་LZ. ས་ལ་ ND. 1. To drag, haul, pull along. 2. To rub CD. To drag, to push a penis in, to harm a woman's private parts by pushing in DK. 1. To go while dragging something. 2. To file something rough DS. To drag across the ground TC. Compare འབྲུད་. འདྲུབ་1 འདྲུབ་CD, DK, TC. དྲུབས་CD, DK. དྲུབ་ CD. འདྲུབས་ TC. དྲུབ་DK. འདྲུབ་ TC.དྲུབས་CD. དྲུབ་ CD. འདྲུབས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.CD. TC.TC. To heal up CD. To heal a wound DK. For a wound to heal TC. Compare རུབ་1.འདྲུབ་2 འདྲུབ་CD, DK, DS, (TC). དྲུབ་ TC. དྲུབས་CD, DK, DS, TC. དྲུབ་ CD. དྲུབ་DK, DS, TC.དྲུབས་CD, DS, TC. དྲུབ་ CD. འདྲུབས་ DK. CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.སྲུབ་ 'a seam' (Emmerick 1983: 68) 1. To sew. 2. To embroider CD. To stitch, to sew DK. To sew DS, TC. Compare རུབ་1.འདྲུམས་ འདྲུམས་[TC], (Ngag dbang tshul khrims) དྲུམས་ (Ngag dbang tshul khrims) To harm, be a bad omen TC. To split, break crumble collapse (Ngag dbang tshul khrims). Compare དྲུམ་ which TC gives as an alternate present of གྲུམ་.འདྲུལ་ འདྲུལ་DS, TC. དྲུལ་DS, [TC]. འདྲུལ་DS.དྲུལ་DS.DS.DS. To make rot DS. (archaic) To rot TC. Compare འབྲུལ་, རུལ་, སྲུལ་. འདྲེ་ འདྲེ་LZ, CD, (DK) DS, TC. འདྲེས་ LZ, CD, DK. འདྲེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲེ་LZ, (DK), DS, TC. འདྲེས་ LZ, DK.འདྲེས་LZ, CD, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.CD.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). སྲེ་CD (Jä), (Chang 1971: iv.8), (Beyer 1992: 117 n. 15), (Gyurme 1992: 258). རྫས་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. 1. To be mixed up with, to blend with, to go together. 2. To discriminate by intelligence. 3. To interfere with to, to have intercourse with, to engage in CD. To be mixed, to blend together, to go together DK. To gather together unlike things DS, TC.འདྲེག་ འདྲེག་LZ, CD, ND, (TC). འབྲེག་(LZ), CD, DK, DS, TC. རེགས་(Taube 1978: 198; ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997), རགས་(Taube 1978: 198). དྲེགས་LZ. བྲེགས་ (LZ), DK, DS, TC. འདྲེགས་ CD. བྲེག་ ND, CD. དྲེག་LZ. བྲེག་ (LZ), DK, DS. འདྲག་ ND སུརཨེལཡཨ་མིསཏཀཨེ་ཕོ༹ར་འདྲེག་. འབྲེག་TC.དྲེགས་LZ. བྲེགས་ (LZ), (DK), DS, TC. བྲོག་ CD. བྲོགས་ CD, ND.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྐྲ་སེན་སོགས་LZ. སྐྲ་སོགས་ ND. To excise, shave the hair, pare the nails &c. ('dreg) CD. To lop off, prune, amputate ('breg) CD. To cut, shave DK. To cut evenly many fine things with a knife or sickle DS. To cut TC. Compare རེགས་.འདྲེགས་ འདྲེགས་DS. འདྲེགས་[DS]. འདྲེགས་[DS].DS. To reach the point of burning (once dried by the heat of fire, the sun &c.) DS.འདྲེད་ འདྲེད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འགྲེད་LZ, (DS), (TC). འདྲད་DK. འགྲེད་LZ, [(DS)], [(TC)]. དྲེད་ DK. འདྲེད་[DS], TC. འགྲེད་LZ, [(DS)], [(TC)]. འདྲེད་DK, [DS], TC.འདྲེད་LZ. འགྲེད་LZ. དྲེད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.རྐང་པ་སོགས་ ('dred) LZ. ཆུ་འདམ་སོགས་ལ་('gred) LZ. 1. To be sick of (at heart), to be disgusted, annoyed. 2. To slide, glide, slip (Jä) CD. To slip off, to loose one's footing DK. 1. To be irritated, annoyed. 2. [To loose footing, slip, slide] DS. To loose one's footing TC.འདྲེན་ དྲང་(see note). འདྲེན་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འདྲོང་CD. འདྲེནད་(see note). དྲངས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དྲང་ CD. དྲང་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དྲོངས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དྲོང་ CD. འདྲེནད་ DK.KYN,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གནས་སུ་ TD. གནས་དང་གཞན་དུ་ LZ. ཟས་དང་གནས་ནས་ ND. 1. To draw, to pull. 2. To conduct, to draw along, to invite CD. (དྲ་མ་ ~, with a terminative of destination and an allative of the enemy) To lead (a campaign) (Uray 1962). 1. To draw, to pull. 2. To conduct, to lead a group of soldiers in war, to lead, guide. 3. To invite. 4. To derogate DK. 1. To lead. 2. (honorific) To give, to pour for someone. 3. To desire, love, crave. 4. To give the scriptural reference for the reason behind the correct view and explanation. 5. To bring, to draw in one direction. 6. To guide DS. 1. To draw. 2. To lead. 3. To offer, give to eat or drink. 4. To cite. 5. To desire, love, be attached to TC. To be separated into two verbs འདྲེན་, འདྲེནས 'invite' and འདྲང་/དྲང་, དྲངས་ 'draw, lead', both attested in Old Tibetan (Bielmeier 2004: 405), cf. 'drongའདྲེན་2འདྲེན་LZ, DK, (TC). give as the present of བགྲང་.འདྲེས་འདྲེས་ LZ, CD, DK. give as the present of འདྲེ་འདྲོག་ འདྲོག་CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲོགས་DK, DS, TC. འདྲོག་DK, DS, TC.འདྲོགས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: iv.10). To wince, shrink, quiver, shudder (from fear) CD. To wince, to be surprised by fear DK. To be scared and jump, run (of a horse, mule &c.) DS. To wince, to shrink from fear TC.འདྲོང་ འདྲོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འདྲོངས་[CD], DS, TC. དྲོངས་ DK. འདྲོང་DK, DS, TC.འདྲོངས་DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC.DS. TC. To believe, to confide in CD. To come, arrive as a guest DK. To draw out, take out DS. To become available, to arrive TC. Compare འདྲེན་.རྡར་ རྡོར་ LZ, DK, DS. རྡར་CD, ND, (DK), TC. བརྡརད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྡར་ DS, TC. བརྡར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྡོརད་LZ, ND, DK. རྡོར་ CD, DS, TC. ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲི་སོགས་ LZ, ND. To sharpen, grind CD. To sharpen a knife, to sharpen, to rub DK. To rub against (a stone &c.) in order to sharpen (a knife &c.) DS. 1. To sharpen (a knife &c.). 2. To judge, investigate TC.(Beyer 1992: 75) sees rdar (<bdar) as a 'weakend' form of bdar, and consequently sees bdar as the older form.རྡལ་ རྡལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS (colloquial), TC. རྡོལ་ ND, DS. བརྡལད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྡལ་ CD, DS, TC. བརྡལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྡལད་LZ, DK. རྡོལ་ CD, DS, TC. རྡོལད་ ND. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཡུལ་ལ་འཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱིས་LZ. ཆལ་མར་ ND. To spread, stretch out, include CD. To spread over, to scatter DK. For something to spread out DS. To spread TC.རྡིབ་ རྡིབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྡིབས་LZ, ND, DK, DS. རྡིབས་CD, DK. རྡིབ་TC. བརྡིབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS. རྡིབ་ DK, TC.རྡིབས་LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.ཁང་པ་སོགས་LZ. ཐོག་སོགས་ND. To crumble, to fall to pieces, to collapse, cave in CD. To crumble, to collapse, to cave in (rdibs) DK. To cause to collapse, to cause to cave in (brdibs) DK. For the outer side to become concave DS. To collapse inward, to cave in TC.རྡུ་ རྡུ་LZ. རྡུས་LZ. རྡུ་LZ.རྡུ་LZ.གྲོང་སོགས་སུ་LZ.རྡུག་ རྡུག་CD, DK. རྡུགས་TC. བརྡུགས་CD, DK. རྡུགས་ TC. བརྡུག་DK. རྡུགས་TC.རྡུགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To conquer, worst. 2. To devastate, wreck, undo CD. To conquer, defeat DK. 1. To end, finish, come up to, come up against. 2. To be apprehensive, to fear, to become irritated TC.རྡུང་ རྡུང་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྡུངས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྡུང་KYN,TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྡུངས་LZ.རྡུངས་KYN,TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྡུང་CD. བརྡུངས་CD.KYN,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྔ་སོགས་TD, LZ. རྔ་དང་བྲོ་སོགས་ ND. 1. To beat, strike, drum. 2. To break to pieces, to beat out CD. To beat a drum, to beat, to hit, to dance, to make DK. To make a sound, to hit, strike an instrument (e.g. a drum &c.) with a stick, to mutually contact [e.g. a cymbal] DS. 1. To bring together, hit, strike. 2. To dance TC.རྡུམ་ རྡུམ་DS. རྡུམ་[DS]. རྡུམ་[DS].DS. To cut across, to cut transversely DS.རྡུལ་ བརྡུལ་CD. རྡུལ་DK. བརྡུལད་DK. བརྡུལ་DK.རྡུལད་DK. 1. To deceive, to cheat. 2. To swing, brandish, flourish CD. To wave one's hand, to cause to subdue DK.རྡེག་ རྡེག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྡེགས་ CD. བརྡེགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྡེག་ ND. རྡེགས་ CD. བརྡེག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྡེགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. རྡེག་ CD, ND. བརྡེགས་ CD.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དབྱུག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. དབྱུག་པ་ND. 1. To beat, strike, smite. 2. To push, thrust, knock, kick CD. To hit, beat DK. To strike DS. To hit, strike TC.རྡེབ་ རྡེབ་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྡབ་ (CD), (DK). བརྡབས་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྡབ་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྡོབས་TD, LZ, DS, TC. རྡེབས་ DK.TD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. བརྡབ་(Duff).ཐལ་མོ་སོགས་TD, LZ. 1. To throw down with a clap, to fling, knock down. 2. To throw to and fro, to toss about. 3. To stumble CD. To clap, to strike together sharply, to slam a door, bang a door DK. 1. To bring together, to meet, to clap. 2. To shake, move back and forth. 3. To hit, strike DS. To hit, strike TC.རྡོད་ རྡོད་LZ. བརྡོད་LZ. བརྡོད་LZ.རྡོད་LZ.སྒྱུ་ཐབས་ཀྱིས་གཞན་ LZ. Compare འདྲིད་ (?).རྡོབ་ རྡོབ་CD. To give, offer CD.རྡོར་རྡོར་LZ, DK, DS. give as the present of རྡར་.རྡོལ་1 རྡོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བརྡོལད་LZ, DK. བརྡོལ་ CD, DS. བརྡོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS.རྡོལད་LZ, ND, DK. ཨྀ DS.ND.DS.DS. རྟོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 260).སྣོད་ཀྱི་ཞབས་དང་བུ་ག་སོགས་LZ. ཆུ་དང་གཏེར་སོགས་ ND. To come forth, to make its appearance, to come up (as of a plane), to be revealed CD. 1. To reveal a secret. 2. To cause to become disorderly DK. To suddenly arise, to multiply DS.རྡོལ་2 རྡོལ་DK, TC. རྡོལད་DK. བརྡོལད་[DK]. བརྡོལ་ DS. རྡོལ་ TC. རྡོལ་DK, TC. བརྡོལ་ DS.རྡོལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To become a hole, to come out forcefully, to leak, to leak out DK. For an opening to appear in something DS. To break TC.རྡོལ་3རྡོལ་ND, DS. gives as the present of རྡལ་.རྡོས་ རྡོས་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྡོས་DK, [DS], TC. རྡོས་DK, [DS], TC.རྡོས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.CD, TC. To break, burst, flow out CD. To burst out, bubble DK. To swell, surge, bubble DS. To rise up, emerge, appear TC.ལྡག་ ལྡག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྡགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྡག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྡོགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ལྡོག་ CD. ལྡགས་ DK.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239).ལྕེས་LZ, ND. To lick CD, DK. To touch something, take something with the tongue DS. To lick TC.(Beyer 1992: 77) suggests this as evidence of the sound change zl à *lz à *ld à 'd, connecting it to the verb 'dag and zlag (zlog (?)) 'lick' however he seems to rely to heavily on CD for his definition. (Beyer 1992: 84) suggests that ljags (=l?xags) 'tongue' derives from this verb via palatalization, i.e. (l?xags < *ldyags), compare འདག་.ལྡང་1 ལྡང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ལྡང་LZ. ལྡངས་ CD, DK, [DS], TC. ལངས་CD. ལྡང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ལྡང་LZ. ལྡོང་ CD. ལྡངས་DK. ལྡོངས་ TC.CD, TC.DS, TC.གདན་དང་ཚད་སོགས་LZ. 1. To rise, to get up, to flow up (as smoke). 2. To suffice, to be sufficient, enough CD. To get up, to rise from DK. 1. To arise, move. 2. To reach a measure. 3. To rise up DS. To rise TC. Compare ལང་.ལྡང་2 ལྡང་CD, DS, TC. ལངས་CD, DS. ལྡངས་ CD, TC. ལྡང་DS, TC.ལྡོང་CD. ཨྀDS, TC.CD.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. 1. To rise, to get up, to flow up (as smoke). 2. To suffice, to be sufficient, enough CD. 1. To rise, spread, fumigate. 2. To reach a measure, complete, equal TC. To rise in the sky DS. Compare ལང་.ལྡད་ ལྡད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྡད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བལྡད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྡོད་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ལྡད་ DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.བཟའ་བཙའ་རིགས་སོ་ཡིས་LZ. སོས་ND. To chew CD. To chew, to chew cud, to ruminate DK. To grind up food with the teeth inside the mouth DS. 1. To chew. 2. To eat by bringing back into the mouth previously swallowed food (of cattle &c.) TC. Compare བླད་.ལྡན་ ལྡན་LZ. ལྡནད་LZ. ལྡན་LZ.ལྡན་LZ.TC.DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003).སྡོམ་པ་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་དང་LZ. To have, posses (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368).ལྡབ་ ལྡབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བལྡབས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བལྡབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.ལྡོབས་LZ, DS, TC. ལྡོབ་CD. ལྡབ་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཡང་ཡང་LZ. 1. To fold up. 2. To repeat, to do again (Cs.) CD. To repeat, to do again DK. To repeat DS, TC.ལྡར་ ལྡར་CD, DS. ལྡར་[DS]. ལྡར་[DS].DS. To be weary, tired, faint CD. To become soft from soaking in water DS.ལྡིག་ ལྡིག་CD, DS. ལྡིབ་ CD (Sch.). ལྡིགས་CD. ལྡིག་[DS]. བལྡིབ་CD (Sch.) ལྡིག་[DS].DS. To quiver, shudder, wiggle CD. To stamp the ground with the foot. DS.ལྡིང་ ལྡིང་CD, DS, TC. ལྡིང་DS. ལྡིངས་ TC. ལྡིང་DS, TC.ལྡོངས་DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To float, to be swimming, to be suspended, floating, soaring (in the air) CD. 1. (with hands and feet separate from the surface of the ground) To raise up and jump down. 2. To fly DS. To leap, float, fly TC.ལྡིར་ ལྡིར་LZ, CD, TC. ལྟིར་(CD). བལྡིར་LZ. ལྡིར་ TC. བལྡིར་LZ. ལྡིར་ TC.ལྡིརད་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300).TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གནམ་སྒྲ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To be distended, inflated. 2. To rush, to roar (of wind), to roll (of thunder) CD. To make a loud noise TC. To make a medicinal drink (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300).ལྡུག་ ལྡུག་LZ, CD, (ND), DK, DS, TC. ལྷུག་ (CD), ND. ལྡུགས་ CD. བླུག་CD, DK, TC. ལྡུགས་LZ, (CD), DK, TC. བླུགས་ CD, DK, ND, DS, TC. གླུགས་(Ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997: 99). ལྡུག་LZ, DK, TC. བླུག་ CD, DK, ND, DS, TC.ལྡུག་LZ. བླུགས་ CD, DK, DS, TC. བླུག་ CD. ལྷུགས་ ND. ལྡུགས་ (ND), DK, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). ཟླུག་2NWH.སྣོད་སོགས་སུ་LZ. སྣོད་དུ་ ND. To pour out, pour into, to sprinkle, to strew, to cast, to found (metal) (ldug) CD. To pour into a pot, to fill (blug) CD. To pour, to put in (ldug) DK. To pout into, to put in (blug) DK. To pour a liquid, grain, or something similar from one vessel into another vessel DS. To pour, to put in (ldug) TC. To pour (blug) TC. Compare ལུག་/ལུགས་.ལྡུད་ ལྡུད་LZ, CD, (ND), DS, TC. བླུད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ལྷུད་ND. བལྡུད་LZ. བླུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྡུད་ TC. ལྡུད་LZ, DS, TC. བླུད་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC.ལྡུད་LZ, (ND), TC. བླུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ལྷུད་ ND.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཆུ་སོགས་(ldud) LZ. ལྟོ་ཆས་སོགས་(blud) LZ. སྐོམ་སོགས་ND. To give to drink, to water (cattle &c.) (ldud) CD. 1. To pour out. 2. To offer (blud) CD. 1. To give water. 2. To give some drink. 3. To give DK To have drink a kind of beverage DS. To drink, pour, give (ldud) TC. To give to drink (blud) TC.ལྡུར་ ལྡུར་DS, TC. ལྡུར་[DS], TC. ལྡུར་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To reach the point of disintegration by saturation with water DS. To become soft TC.ལྡེ་ ལྡེ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ལྡེས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བལྡེས་CD, DK. ལྡེ་LZ, DS, TC. བལྡེ་CD, DK.ལྡེས་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ལྡེ་DS.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.མེ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To warm oneself, to be warmed at, warmed by CD. To sunbathe, to warm at fire DK. To make something warm or dry by placing it near a fire or in sunlight DS. To heat, warm TC.ལྡེག་ ལྡེག་CD, DK, TC. ལྡེབ་ CD (Cs.). བདེག་CD. བལྡེགས་DK, TC. བལྡེག་DK, TC.ལྡེགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. To quake, shake, tremble (e.g. the palace of the gods) (Dzl.) CD. 1. To move, shake. 2. To eat, chew DK. 1. To move. 2. To chew TC.ལྡེབ་ ལྡེབ་CD. To bend round, bend back, to turn round, to double down, double over CD.ལྡོག་ ལྡོག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ལྡོག་LZ, TC. ལོག་ CD, DS. ལྡོགས་DK. ལྡོག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ལྡོག་LZ. ལོག་ CD, DS. ལྡོགས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.CD, DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཟློག་CD.ཉི་མ་སོགས་LZ. 1. To come back, to return, to go home. 2. To send back. 3. To change, to undergo a change. 3. (used with ལས་) To turn away from CD. To go back, to be returned DK. 1. To arrive again at, go again to a previous place. 2. To turn around, turn back. 3. To exchange places with something unlike DS. 1. To turn back, return. 2. To naturally reject. 3. To change, fade (of colors &c.) TC. Compare ལོག་.ལྡོང་ ལྡོང་CD, DK. ལྡོངས་ DS. ལྡོངས་CD, DK, [DS]. ལོང་CD. ལྡོང་DK. ལྡོངས་ [DS].ལྡོངས་DK.DS. 1. To become blind. 2. To be infatuated CD. To become blind DK. For the power of sight to deteriorate DS. Compare ལོང་.ལྡོན་ ལྡོན་CD, DS. ལྡོན་[DS]. ལྡོན་[DS].DS. To give back, pay back, return CD. (archaic) To reply, answer DS. Compare ལན་, ལེན་, ལོན་.ལྡོབ་ ལྡོབ་CD, ND, DS, TC. ལྡོབས་ND, DS, TC. ལྡོབ་ND, DS, TC.ལྡོབས་ND. ཨྀ DS, TC.ND.DS, TC.DS, TC.བསླབ་བྱ་ND. To apprehend quickly, to be witty, to be quick in repartee (Cs.) CD. (archaic) understand, to understand after studying DS. To learn, become familiar with TC. Compare སློབ་, ལོབ་.ལྡོམ་ ལྡོམ་DS. ལྡོམ་[DS]. ལྡོམ་[DS].DS. To go to no particular place, wander DS.སྡང་ སྡང་LZ, CD, DS, TC. སྡང་LZ, [DS], TC. སྡངས་ CD, DK. སྡང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.སྡང་LZ. སྡངས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཞེ་ནས་ཁྲོ་བ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To hate, to be angry, wrathful CD. To hate, to fill with wrath DK. 1. To hate, be angry. 2. To harm, be abusive DS. To hate, be angry, be unhappy, contend with TC.སྡངས་ སྡངས་LZ. བསྡངས་LZ. སྡངས་LZ.སྡངས་LZ.གློ་བུར་དུ་LZ.སྡམ་སྡམ་DK. gives as the present of སྡོམ་.སྡར་ སྡར་TC. སྡར་TC. སྡར་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To fear, be afraid TC.སྡིག་ བསྡིག་LZ. སྡིགས་ CD, DS. སྡི་ CD. སྡིག་ND, DK, (DS), TC. བསྡིགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡིས་CD. བསྡིག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡི་ CD.སྡིགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).མི་བསྲུན་པ་སོགས་LZ. གཞན་ལ་ND. To point towards, point at, to point out, to threaten, to sting CD. To scold, to frighten, to warm, to aim DK. 1. To speak harsh words to a person. 2. To produce fear, frighten DS. 1. To frighten, scare. 2. To abuse, revile. 3. To aim at a target, to prepare to strike TC.སྡུག་ སྡུག་LZ, DS, TC. སྡུག་LZ, [DS], TC. སྡུག་LZ, [DS], TC.སྡུག་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC,(Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཆ་བྱད་མཛེས་པ་དང་མནར་ཚུལ་གྱིས་LZ. To become sad DS. 1. To come to mind. 2. To be sad TC.སྡུད་ སྡུད་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡུ་(DS). བསྡུས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡུ་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡུས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འདུ་CD, (Laufer 1915: 62), (Gyurme 1992: 260).ནང་དུ་མཐའ་ནས་TD. མཐ་ནས་ནང་དུ་LZ. དབནད་དང་འཁོར་སོགས་ND. To collect, gather, mass together, range together, to assemble, to put together. 2. To unite, join, condense, add together CD. To collect, bring together, gather, conclude DK. To collect, gather (scattered things into one place). 2. To summon, call hither. 3. To conclude, draw to a close. 4. To make fewer. 5. To rule, have power. 6. To shrink, contract smaller DS. 1. To gather, assemble, bring together. 2. To tie, bind TC.(Stein 1942: 205) suggests this verb is connected to དུད་ 'tie' sdud 'join, unite, marry' མདུན་མ་ 'spouse', འདུན་མ་ 'council, association, society, fiancé' མདུད་པ་ 'knot' and the word dun-ma 'assembly' found in Dunhuang texts with the variants འདུན་ཚ་, འདུན་ས་, མདུ་ཙ་, and བདུན་ཙ་. To this (Beyer 1992: 97) adds སྡུད་ 'fold of a garment.' For wider speculation about cognates and possible Sino-Tibetan connections compare (Bodman 1969).སྡུམ་ སྡུམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡུམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡུམ་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡུམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡུམ་CD. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འདུམ་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260).འགྲས་ཤིང་འགྱིད་པ་སོགས་LZ. འཁོན་འགྲས་ ND. To make agree, to bring to an agreement, to reconcile, to conciliate CD. To make one agree, to bring to an agreement, to cause to conciliate DK. 1. To make alright, to make harmonious. 2. To make peaceful DS. To make harmonious TC. Compare ཟླུམ་.སྡུར་ སྡུར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡུརད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྡུར་ CD, DS, TC. བསྡུར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡུརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྡུར་ DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་LZ. འདྲ་སོགས་ND. To make comparison, to compare CD. To cause to compare, to have discussions on a subject DK. 1. To mutually compare (good and bad, small and large). 2. To discuss, confer DS. To compare TC.སྡུས་སྡུས་LZ. gives as the present of འཐུ་2སྡེབ་ སྡེབ་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡེབས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡེབ་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡེབས་KYN,TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྡོབས་ ND.KYN,TD, CD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཉམ་དུ་TD. ཡི་གེ་དང་གྲོགས་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. ཡིག་སྦྱོར་ND. To mingle, mix, to make unite, to conjoin, fasten together CD. To combine, associate with, to join, fasten DK. 1. To mix many different things together. 2. To keep company with, to accompany DS. 1. To keep company with, to accompany. 2. To join, to arrange TC.སྡོ་ སྡོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡོས་CD. བསྡོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བླ་མའི་སྐུ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. དགེ་རྩ་སོགས་LZ. སྲོག་དང་སྐུ་ལ་ND. (used with དང་ or ལ་) To risk, make venture CD. To risk, swear, to value at, harm [sic] DK. 1. To not avoid a danger. 2. To take another's wealth trough deception. 3. To rival, compete DS. 1. To exchange, risk for. 2. To rival, compare. 3. To speak, order TC.སྡོག་ སྡོག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡོག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡོགས་ LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལས་ཆས་དང་འཆི་ཆོས་སོགས་LZ. ཐག་པ་སོགས་ND. 1. To roll up, to fold up. 2. To make ready DK. 1. To make shorter. 2. To prepare DS. 1. To draw together, roll up. 2. To prepare, get ready for TC.སྡོང་ སྡོང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡོངས་ CD. བསྡོངས་ (CD). བསྡོངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡོང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡོངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཕན་ཚུན་སོགས་ TD. གཞན་དང་ལྷན་དུ་ LZ. ཐོགས་དང་ NDB. གྲོགས་དང་NDA. . (used with dang) To accompany, to join with, to enter into partnership CD. To accompany, to associate with DK. 1. To accompany, associate with. 2. To be connected together. 3. To arise together DS. To accompany, associate with, to become close, become friendly together TC.སྡོད་ སྡོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. སྡོད་DS.སྡོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གདན་དང་འདིར་ LZ. བདན་ལ་ ND. 1. To sit. 2. To stay, to stop, to wait CD. To stay, to settle down, to dwell, to live, to sit on DK. 1. To halt, to stop moving.2. To stay, remain. 3. To stay at a rank, in a position, to accept responsibility DS. To sit, remain, exist TC.སྡོམ་ སྡོམ་TD, LZ, CD, NDA NDB has bsdom which is surely the incorrect reading., DK, DS, TC. སྡམ་ CD, DK. སྡེམ་ (DK). བསྡམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡོམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡོམ་CD.TD, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དམ་ 'tight' NWH.ལྕགས་སྒྲོག་སོགས་TD. ཉེས་པ་དང་ཁྲེས་པོ་སོགས་ LZ. དམ་པོར་ཉེས་པ་སོགས་ND. 1. To bind, fasten, tie up, to bind up. 2. To staunch, stop, cause to cease. 3. To make morally firm, to confirm. CD. 1. To bind, to tie up (sdam) DK. To give up evil conduct, to close the doors of immorality, to bind with a law, to control one's talking, to protect (sdom) DK. 1. To gather many things together and tie them (with a rope &c.). 2. To tightly bind, constrain. 3. To tighten (e.g. rules &c.) DS. 1. To tie, bind. 2. To impede, enclose TC.སྡོམ་ སྡོམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྡོམས་TD, LZ, CD, NDA, DK, DS, TC. བསྡོམ་ NDB. བསྡོམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྡོམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྡོམ་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ཏུ་TD, LZ. ཁྱོན་དུ་ ND. To add together, to cash, to sum CD To add up, combine DK. To bring, gather together DS. To gather TC.བརྡབ་ བརྡབ་CD, TC. བརྡབས་CD, TC. བརྡབ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྡེབ་(Duff). To fold, place together CD. To touch with force, to meet TC. Very probably no different from རྡེབ་. བརྡའ་ བརྡའ་(Takeuchi 1995: 182). བརྡས་(Takeuchi 1995: 182). To collect, gather, make one repay (Takeuchi 1995: 182). possibly an error for བརྔའ་ and བརྔས་.(Takeuchi 1995: 182).བརྡུལ་བརྡུལ་CD. gives as the present of རྡུལ་.བསྡིག་བསྡིག་LZ. gives as the present of སྡིག་.བརྡེག་ བརྡེག་CD. To eat CD.
ན་ན་ན་CD, DK, DS, TC. ན་DK, [DS], TC.ན་DK, [DS], TC.ན་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྣད་(Gyurme 1992: 260) To be ill, sick CD. To become ill, to feel sick DK. To become ill, sick DS. To get sick TC.ནབ་མནབ་ LZ, CD, DK. གནབ་ CD. ནབས་ CD. ནབ་DS, TC. མནབས་LZ, CD, DK. གནབས་CD. མནབས་DS, TC.མནབ་LZ, DS, TC. བནབ་ DK. མནོབ་ LZ. ནོབས་ (LZ), DS, TC. མནབས་ DK. DS, TC.DS, TC. ན་བཟའ་སོགས་LZ. To put on clothes CD. To wear, put on clothes, to dress, to help or serve to put on clothes DK. (honorific) To wear, sport (hats, garments &c.) DS. To wear TC.ནལ་ནལ་DS. ནལ་[DS].ནལ་[DS].DS. For siblings to copulate, engage in sexual intercourse DK.ནུ་ནུ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ནུད་ CD. ནུས་CD, DS, TC. ནུད་ DK.ནུ་DK, DS, TC.ནུས་CD, DS, TC. ནུད་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.སྣུན་(Gyurme 1992: 260). ནུ་མ་ 'breast' (Laufer 1915: 62). To suck (Cs.), to suckle (Jä) CD. To suck a nipple, be fed with mother's milk DK. To suck at a breast DS. To drink milk TC.ནུད་ནུད་DK, DS, TC. ནུད་DK, [DS], TC.ནུད་DK, [DS], TC.ནུད་DK, TC.TC.DS, TC. To retreat, withdraw DK. To alter what had previously remained DS. To take as appropriate what is backwards TC.ནུབ་ནུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ནུབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ནུབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ནུབ་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྣུབ་(Stein 1942: 205), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260). ནུབ་ 'west' NWH.ཉི་ཟླ་སོགས་ LZ.To go down, to set (of the sun and moon), to sink, collapse, decline CD. To decline, merge, sink down DK. 1. To go behind (a mountain &c.) and not be seen (of the sun, moon &c.). 2. To sink down into water. 3. To decline, deteriorate (of an evil tradition &c.) DS. 1. To depart and become obscure (of the sun and moon &c.). 2. To sink into water. 3. To decline, deteriorate (of a tradition &c.) TC.ནུར་ནུར་CD, DK, DS. ནུརད་DK. ནུར་ [DS].ནུར་DK, [DS].ནུརད་DK.DS.སྣུར་CD,(Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116)1. To change place, change posture, to shift, to move by degrees, be displaced. 2. to be impressed, to yield, give way, be desiccated CD. 1. To become shorter or longer in time. 2. To become powder DK. 1. To raise in position from a previous place. 2. To alter, reverse a definite time. 3. To go, move with the surface of the stomach lowered to the ground DS.ནུས་1ནུས་DK, DS. ནུས་DK, [DS].ནུས་DK, [DS].ནུས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).DS.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).To be able DK. To be able to endure, bear DS.ནུས་2ནུས་CD, DS.(annexed to the root of another verb, more frequent in literature than ordinary talk) To be able CD. To be able DK. (suffixed to the present stem) To be able to do the verbal action DS.ནེན་ནེན་CD, DK. ནེནད་DK.ནེན་DK.ནེནད་DK.(in West) To take, lay hold of, seize; to take out, off, away; to hold (Jä) CD. To take, to accept DK.ནེམ་ནེམ་DK. ནེམས་DK.ནེམ་DK.ནེམས་DK. སྣེམ་༼྄༽ NWH.To be spongy, to be elastic, to cushion CD.ནེར་ནེར་CD, DK. ནེརད་DK.ནེར་DK.ནེརད་DK.To drop gradually, to lower itself, subside, sink CD. To tumble down, to ruin DK.ནོགས་ནོག་DK. ནོགས་ DS, TC. ནོགས་DK, [DS], TC.ནོག་DK. ནོགས་ [DS], TC.ནོགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.To become dirty, dull, be faded DK. To clean, rub out, erase DS. To be hit by a bad smell, to deteriorate in newness or luster TC.ནོང་1ནོང་CD, TC. ནོངས་ DS. མནོང་ (DS).ནོངས་CD, [DS], TC. མནོང་ [(DS)].ནོངས་[DS]. ནོང་ TC. མནོང་ [(DS)].ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.To grieve, upset, cause pain, ail CD. 1. To regret, to be embarrassed. 2. To avoid, shy away from DS. To regret, feel remorse TC. Compare གནོང་.ནོང་2ནོང་(Uray 1966: 254 n. 1). ནོངས་(Uray 1966: 254 n. 1; Haarh 1969: 360).(Uray 1966: 254 n. 1).(of royalty) To die (Uray 1966: 254 n. 1; Haarh 1969: 360).ནོངས་ནོང་CD, DK. ནོངས་ TC.ནོངས་CD, DK, TC.ནོང་DK. ནོངས་ TC.ནོངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.To commit a fault, to make a mistake, to commit one's self CD. To commit an offense, to make mistakes DK. To make a mistake TC.ནོད་1ནོད་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. མནོད་ CD, DK.མནོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ནོས་(DS).མནོ་LZ, DK, (DS), TC. མནོད་ ND, DS.ནོད་LZ. ནོས་ ND, (DS), TC. མནོད་ DK. གནོས་ DS.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལུང་དང་སྡོམ་པ་སོགས་ LZ. ལུང་སོགས་ ND.1. To keep, take, obtain, receive. 2. To receive instruction, directions, favors (from a superior especially priests) CD. To make to receive or obtain, to give, to cause to obtain religious obligations DK. To take, accept (oral instructions &c.) DS. To take, accept TC.ནོད་2ནོད་LZ, DK, TC. མནོས་LZ. ནོས་ DK. ནོད་ TC.ནོད་LZ, DK, TC.ནོད་LZ. ནོས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བསླབ་བ་སོགས་ LZ.To receive, obtain, to obtain, accept religious instruction DK. To find, obtain TC.ནོན་ནོན་CD, DK, TC. ནོནད་DK. ནོན་ TC.ནོན་DK, TC.ནོནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གནོན་(Gyurme 1992: 260).1. To mount. 2. (a less correct form of གནོད་) To press, force, compel, coerce, to suppress, keep under CD. To be under control, to bring under control, to be subdued by a splendid manner, to be inebriated with great misery, to be deeply indebted DK. 1. To be overcome, intimidated, daunted. 2. To desire, crave, be attached to TC.ནོམ་1ནོམ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ནོམས་CD, LZ མནམས་DS, TC.ནོམ་LZ. མནམ་DS, TC.ནོམས་LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. སྣོམ་1[CD].ལུས་དང་ཡོ་བྱད་སོགས་ལག་པས་LZ.To lay hold of (Sch.) CD. To touch, contact DS. To touch, contact, hold, grasp TC. Compare མནམ་ (?) NWH.ནོམ་2ནོམ་ CD, DK. ནོམས་CD, DK.ནོམ་DK.ནོམས་DK.To enjoy, partake of, be satisfied by CD. To get satisfaction, to be satisfied, to be possible, to enjoy, to anoint DK.ནོམས་3ནོམས་LZ. gives as the present of མནམ་.ནོར་ནོར་CD, DK, DS, TC. ནོརད་DK. ནོར་ [DS], TC.ནོར་[DS], TC.ནོརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྣོར་(Beyer 1992: 116); (Gyurme 1992: 260).To err, to make a mistake, to be in error CD. To be mistaken, to be in error, to be confused DK. To be confused, be mistaken DS. To be confused, blunder, be mistaken TC.ནོལ་ནོལ་CD, DK. ནོལད་DK.ནོལ་DK.ནོལད་DK. སྣོལ་(Uray 1972: 30).To agree, to come to terms (Cs.) CD. To be exchanged, to be adjusted by exchanging DK. To stand at war, to struggle (Uray 1972: 30).ནོལ་2ནོལ་(DS). gives as a present of མནོལ་.གནང་གནང་CD, DK, DS, TC. གནང་CD, DK, DS, TC. གནངས་ CD.གནང་DK, DS, TC.གནོང་ (Zeisler 2004: 349), CD ཋེ་ཊིབཨེཏཨན་ཏེxཏཧས་གནང་བུཏ་ཨིཏ་ཨིས་ཏྲནསཅརིབཨེད་ཨས་གནོང . གནང་DK. གནོངས་ DS, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).(humble) To give, grant CD. To do, give, grant, permit DK. 1. (honorific) To give. 2. (honorific) To do (work, actions &c.) DS.གནབ་གནབ་ CD. gives the present of as ནབ་གནས་གནས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, [TC]. གནས་LZ, DK, [DS].གནས་LZ, DK, [DS].གནས་LZ, DK.DS, (Hoshi 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དགོན་པ་དང་དམ་ཚིག་སོགས་ལ་ LZ.1. To sit, to be placed, to exist, to be in force, to continue, exist. 2. To reside, dwell, stay. 3. To remain, continue, adhere CD. To sit, situate, to have, to rest, value DK. 1. To sit, stay, live. 2. For things to exist in a place and time continuously between their appearance and destruction DS. To sit, exist, maintain, stay TC.གནོང་གནོང་LZ, CD, DS, TC. གནོངས་LZ, TC. གནོང་ [DS].གནོང་LZ, [DS], TC.ནོངས་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྡིག་ལྟུང་སོགས་ལས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To feel ashamed CD. To have qualms, compunctions DS. To be ashamed, embarrassed because of sins and wrongdoings TC.Compare ནོང་1.༌གནོང་2*གནོང་(Uray 1966: 254 n. 1). gives as an alternate present of *ནོང་3.གནོད་གནོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གནོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གནོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གནོད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་སེམས་ལ་ LZ.To injure, to cause illness CD. To harm, to bring evil DK. 1. To bring someone a loss. 2. To deteriorate in love and affection DS. To not be happy, to cause adverse conditions TC. Compare སྣད་ (?) NWH.གནོན་གནོན་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མནན་KYT, KYN , CD, DS, TC. མནནད་ TD, LZ, ND, DK. གནན་ CD.གནན་KYT, KYN , LZ, ND, DS. མནན་ TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.ནོན་KYT, CD, DS, TC. ནོནད་ KYN , TD, LZ, ND. གནོནད་DK.KYT, KYN , TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ནོན་(Gyurme 1992: 260)དམ་སྲི་སོགས་ TD. སྲི་སོགས་དང་འོག་ཏུ་LZ. སྲི་སོགས་ LZ. འོག་ཏུ་ND. To press, compress, force down, subdue, suppress, to keep down CD. To suppress, press down, to tread on, subdue, control over DK. 1. To put greater weight on top of. 2. To defeat. 3. To weaken, annihilate DS. For a downward force from above to press, squeeze, to make not move, to defeat, subdue TC.མནག་མནག་LZ. མནགས་LZ.མནག་LZ.མནོག་LZ.(Goldstein: 2001).སྡུག་བསྔལ་སོགས་ LZ.To endure, suffer, tolerate, bear (Goldstein 2001).མནང་མནང་DK. མནངས་DK.མནང་DK.མནངས་DK.To satisfy, to be satisfied, to be possible DK.མནབ་མནབ་LZ, CD, DK. give as the present of ནབ་.མནམ་ནོམ་LZ. མནམ་ CD, DK, [DS], TC. མནམས་LZ, DK. མནམ་ TC.མནམ་LZ, DK, TC.ནོམས་LZ. མནམས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. སྣོམ་2(Beyer 1992: 117 n. 13), (Duff).སྤོས་དྲི་སོགས་ LZ.1. To smell. 2. To smell of CD. To smell, to inhale odor DK. To smell, to stink. 2. To experience in the nose TC.Compare ནོམ་ (?) NWH.མནར་མནར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མནརད་LZ, DK. མནར་ [DS], TC.མནར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མནརད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་སོགས་གདུང་བས་ LZ.To suffer, to be tormented CD. To torment, torture, afflict, harm, suffer DK. 1. To experience suffering, to perform an action which causes suffering to another. 2. To hinder, interfere with the growth of DS.མནལ་མནལ་LZ, CD, DK, [DS], TC. རྣལ་ [(DS)]. མནལད་LZ, DK. མནལ་ TC.མནལ་LZ, DK, TC.མནོལ་LZ, TC. མནལད་ DK.TC. TC.མལ་དུ་ LZ.(honorific) To sleep CD. To sleep, to go to sleep, to fall asleep, to die DK. To go to bed, lay down [DS]. 1. (honorific) 1. To go to bed, lay down. 2. (honorific) To fall asleep TC.TC gives རྣལ་ལམ་ as an archaic alternate of རྨི་ལམ་'dream'.མནོ་མནོ་CD, ND, DK. མནོས་CD, ND, DK.མནོ་ND, DK.མནོས་ND, DK.ND.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བསམ་བློ་ ND.(archaic) To think over, ponder, imagine CD. To think, consider, cogitate DK.མནོང་མནོང་ (DS). gives as the present of ནོང་.མནོད་མནོད་ CD, DK. give as a present tense of ནོད་.མནོལ་མནོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ནོལ་ (DS). མནོལད་LZ, DK. མནོལ་ [DS], TC. ནོལ་ [(DS)].མནོལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ནོལ་ [(DS)].མནོལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.གྲིབ་དམེ་སོགས་ LZ.To grow feeble, to be reduced, weakened CD. To become impure, to be polluted, to defile, to become filthy, unclean, to pile up DK. For something dirty to get on the body, to catch an infectious disease DS. To be defiled, infected TC.རྣག་རྣག་CD, DS. རྣག་[DS].རྣག་[DS].DS.རྣག་ 'pus' NWH.To form pus, to ulcerate (Cs.) CD. To become pussy (of a wound, swelling &c.) DS.རྣག་2རྣག་DK. gives as the present of བརྣག་རྣང་རྣང་CD, DK. give as the present of རྣོང་.རྣན་རྣན་LZ, DK. give as the present of རྣོན་.རྣབ་བརྣབ་LZ. རྣབ་DK, DS, TC. བརྣབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བརྣབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བརྣོབ་LZ. རྣབས་DK. རྣོབས་ DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC.DS.TC.ལོངས་སྤྱོད་སོགས་ལ་LZ.To have desire of gaining of other wealth [sic], to covet DK. To be covetous, greedy DS. To want to obtain with mental craving, to want the belongings of others TC.རྣལ་རྣལ་DS. རྣལ་[DS].རྣལ་[DS].DS.To not be anxious, not be nervous DS. Compare མནལ་.རྣུར་རྣུར་LZ, CD, DK. རྣུ་ DS. བརྣུརད་LZ, DK. བརྣུར་ CD, DS. བརྣུ་ CD.བརྣུར་LZ, DK. བརྣུ་ DS.རྣུརད་LZ, DK. རྣུར་ DS.TC.DS, TC.གྲལ་དང་མདུན་སོགས་ LZ.To pull forward, out of the way CD. To pull away, to draw, to pull backward, pull forward DK. (archaic) To pull forward DS. Compare སྣུར་.རྣོག་1རྣོག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བརྣོགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བརྣོག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྣོགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.དངུལ་྄྄ཨ྄྄ སོགས་ LZ. To conceal, to hide DK. To make what had been previously apparent no longer evident DS. To hide, make secret TC.རྣོག་2རྣོག་DS, TC. བརྣགས་DS, TC.བརྣག་DS, TC.རྣོགས་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.To tolerate, bear, endure DS. 1. To remember, to think. 2. To tolerate, bear, endure TC.རྣོང་རྣོང་LZ, DS. རྣང་CD, DK.བརྣངས་LZ, CD, DK,DS.བརྣང་LZ, [CD], DK, DS.རྣོངས་LZ, DS. རྣངས་DK.DS.DS.ཟས་སོགས་སྐྱིས་གྲེ་བ་ LZ.To become choked, be stifled, grow constricted CD. To block (as gullet is blocked with) DK. To try to become free of a piece of swallowed food DS.རྣོན་རྣན་LZ, DK. བརྣན་ CD, TC. རྣོན་ DS, (TC). བརྣནད་LZ, DK. བརྣན་ DS, TC.བརྣན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྣནད་LZ, DK. རྣོན་ DS, TC.DS. TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ངེས་པར་རམ་ནན་ཏན་དུ་ LZ. To be eager for, to be on the alert, to be attentive to CD. To pay a special attention, cause to be eager, to take special care of DK. To take as important with attention DS. To differentiate with precision, hold as most important TC.སྣང་སྣང་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྣང་DK, [DS], TC.སྣང་DK, [DS], TC.སྣང་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).1. To emit light, to shine, be bright. 2. To be seen, perceived, to show one's self, to appear CD. To be visible, to come in view of, to appear, to come into sight DK. To become an object of the mind or sense organs DS. 1. To shine, rise, be clear, distinct, visible. 2. To exist, remain TC.སྣད་སྣད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྣད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྣད་LZ, DK, TC. སྣད་ DS.སྣད་LZ, DK. སྣོད་ CD, DS. ཨྀ TC.CD, DS.TC.DS.TC.རྐང་ལག་སོགས་ LZ.To wound, to hurt, to stab CD. To hurt, injure, damage DK. To wounded, receive a kind of divination DS. To be wounded, damaged TC. Compare གནོད་ (?) NWH.སྣར་སྣར་LZ, CD, DK, TC. སྣོར་ND, DS.བསྣརད་LZ, DK, ND. བསྣར་ DS, TC.བསྣར་LZ, NDB, DK, DS, TC. བསྣོར་ NDA.སྣརད་LZ. སྣོརད་ ND, DK. སྣོར་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). DS, TC.ནར་ནར་ 'long'NWH.མཇུག་མ་དང་ཁ་ཚར་སོགས་ LZ. རིང་དུ་ཐག་སྣེ་སོགས་ ND.1. To shake, move to and fro. 2. To extend, protract CD. To stretch, extend, to stretch out one's tail DK. To hang down, dangle down DS. To make longer TC.སྣལ་སྣལ་DK. བསྣལ་ CD. བསྣལད་DK.བསྣལ་DK.སྣལད་DK. སྣལ་མ་ 'yarn' NWH.1. To extend, protract. 2. To spin out, to protract (Cs.) CD. To spin out, to protract DK.སྣུད་སྣུད་TC. བསྣུད་TC.བསྣུད་TC.སྣུད་TC.TC. TC.To push out, drive out TC.སྣུན་སྣུན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣུནད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྣུན་ CD, DS, TC.བསྣུན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྣུནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྣུན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ནུ་(Gyurme 1992: 260).མཚོན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. མཚོན་དང་ནུ་མ་བསྟུན་ ND.1. To prick into (e.g. a stick into the ground), to thrust a weapon. 2. To suckle. 3. To multiply CD. 1. To feed with milk, to give suck, to suckle. 2. To hit, to catch a main point DK. To give a breast to drink from. 2. To insert a weapon DS. 1. To give, give to drink. 2. To strike, hit TC.སྣུབ་སྣུབ་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣུབས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣུབ་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྣུབས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྣུབ་ CD.KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ནུབ་(Stein 1942: 205), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260).སྲོལ་ངན་སོགས་ LZ. སྲོལ་སོགས་ ND.To do away with, to cause to perish, suppress, abrogate, annul, destroy, annihilate CD. To abolish, to put an end to, to do away with DK. 1. To annihilate. 2. To make something sink into water DS. To annihilate, cause to sink TC.སྣུར་སྣུར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣུརད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྣུར་ CD, DS, TC.བསྣུར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྣུརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྣུར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ནུར་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116).དུས་དང་སྣག་ཚོན་སོགས་ LZ. ཞིབ་མོར་ ND.1. (in West) To push, move, move out of its place, remove, shift, drag up, pull in. 2. To cut into pieces, fracture, crush (Sch.). 3. To abridge CD. 1. To change a time as to quicken or postpone. 2. To pull, to draw. 3. To crush as to make powder DK. 1. To change a particular time. 2. To change the place of something. 3. To grind, pulverize something solid together with water to make it like mud DS. 1. To draw, pull. 2. To postpone or hasten a previous time. 3. To pulverize, grind finely TC. Compare རྣུར་.སྣེམ་སྣེམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྣེམས་DK, DS, TC.བསྣེམ་DK, DS, TC.སྣེམས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ནེམ་༼྄༽ NWH.To shake, to cause to move slightly CD. To press, to suppress, to press in between, to cave in, subdue DK. To moisten a little bit DS. To push down on, suppress, subdue TC.སྣོ་སྣོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣོས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྣོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྣོས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཕྱེ་སོགས་ LZ. འདྲེས་པར་ND.To reduce to small pieces, to crumble (Jä) CD. To knead, make dough, to rub, mix thoroughly up DK. To press, stuff, pack down again and again in order to mix pure water in mud, gruel &c. DS. To sift, agitate, knead, shake TC.སྣོག་སྣོག་DS, TC. བསྣོགས་DS, TC.བསྣོག་DS, TC.སྣོགས་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.To mix up an order, mix up high and low DS. To mix, mingle high and low TC.སྣོན་སྣོན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣནད་LZ. བསྣོནད་ ND. བརྣོནད་ (ND). བསྣན་ CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྣན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྣོནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྣོན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སོ་སོའི་ཁར་ LZ. ཁ་སབ་ ND.1. To add on, expand, augment. 2. To put a tip or a point to (e.g. an arrow) CD. To supplement, to make additions, to add up for completion DK. 1. To make larger the number of things. 2. To add two numbers together DS. To stack, pile, accumulate, add to TC.སྣོམ་1སྣོམ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣམས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྣམ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྣོམས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྣོམ་ CD.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hackett 2003).ནོམ་[CD].དྲི་དང་ཕྱག་ཏུ་ TD, ND. ཕྱག་ཏུ་ LZ.To lay hold of, grasp, take up, to seize on CD. To hold in hand, to carry DK. (honorific) To take in hand DS. (honorific) To carry, take hold of, take up TC.སྣོམ་2སྣོམ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣམས་KYN, TD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣོམས་ LZ.བསྣམ་KYN, TD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣོམ་ LZ.སྣོམས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Zeisler forthcoming: 32 n. 64). [Erg. Obl.] (Zeisler forthcoming: 32 n. 64).མནམ་(Beyer 1992: 117 n. 13), (Duff).དྲི་དང་ཕྱག་ཏུ་ TD, ND. དྲི་སོགས་ LZ.To smell CD. To smell, to have smell DK. To experience a smell with the nose DS. To have the sensation of smell with the nostrils TC.སྣོར་སྣོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. བསྣོརད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྣོར་ TC. བསྣོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. སྣོར་LZ, TC. སྣོརད་ ND, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ནོར་(Beyer 1992: 116); (Gyurme 1992: 260).དངུལ་དང་དོང་ཚེ་ལྟ་བུ་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. གོང་འོག་ ND.To confound, intermingle, stir up sediment CD. To confound, disturb an orderly plan DK. To disturb an order, cause to make a mistake TC.སྣོར་2སྣོར་ND, DS. give as the present of སྣར་.སྣོལ་སྣོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྣོལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྣོལ་ CD, DS, TC.བསྣོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྣོལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྣོལ་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. ནོལ་(Uray 1972: 30).ལག་པ་དང་རྒྱ་གྲམ་དུ་ LZ. ཕན་ཚུན་ ND.To adjust, place together, fit together, to close up exactly, interlace CD. To exchange, adjust DK. To mutually pile, arrange, place at the edge, tip &c. of something DS. To mutually join, pile unevenly TC.བརྣག་བརྣག་LZ, CD, DS. རྣག་DK. བརྣགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS.བརྣག་LZ, DK, DS.རྣོགས་LZ, DS. རྣགས་DK.DS.DS.ཚིག་དོན་སོགས་ LZ.1. To cogitate, deliberate, reflect upon. 2. To be concerned about, to strive after. 3. To flow over with, be replete with, 4. To be burdened mentally as well as physically CD. To bear, endure, to cogitate, to keep in mind, to reflect on DK. To think about with an angry mind DS.བརྣན་བརྣན་ CD, TC. give as the present of རྣོན་.བརྣབ་བརྣབ་LZ. gives as the present of རྣབ་བསྣལ་བསྣལ་CD. gives as the present of སྣལ་བསྣོམ་བསྣོམ་CD. (apparently in two passages met with to be differentiated from སྣོམ་) To cut, shape, carve CD.
པ་དཔའ་དཔའ་ND, DK, DS. དཔའ་ND, DK, [DS].དཔའ་DK, [DS].དཔའ་DK. ཨྀ [ND].[ND].DS.To determine, to have confidence, to brave DK. To have confidence, be certain DS.དཔར་དཔར་LZ, DS. དཔོར་ CD.དཔརད་LZ. དཔར་ CD, [DS].དཔར་ LZ, CD, [DS].དཔོརད་LZ.DS.དཔེ་ཆ་སོགས་ LZ.To dictate (Cs.) CD. 1. To leave a trace. 2. To print, publish a book DS.དཔེན་དཔེན་LZ. དཔེནད་LZ.དཔེན་LZ.དཔེནད་LZ.འདི་ཕྱི་གཉིས་ཀར་ LZ.དཔོག་དཔོག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཔགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཔག་ (DK).དཔག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཔོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཔག་ (DK).ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྗེས་སུ་ LZ. གཏིང་མཐའ་ ND.To measure, to apportion, to fix CD. To estimate, to ascertain, to confirm DK. 1. To asses, establish a fact which is not know having established the causes for its outward signs which are known. 2. To analyze, investigate DS. To measure, asses, investigate a hidden phenomenon TC.དཔོད་དཔོད་DK, TC. དཔོད་DK, TC.དཔོད་DK, TC.དཔོད་DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.To dictate, give dictation DK. To give dictation TC.དཔོར་དཔོར་ CD. gives as the present of དཔར་.དཔྱ་དཔྱ་LZ, CD, TC. དཔྱོ་ DK. དཔྱས་LZ, DK, TC.དཔྱ་LZ, DK, TC.དཔྱས་LZ. དཔྱོས་ DK, TC.TC.DS, TC.བཟང་ངན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.To blame, censure, chide CD. To criticize, reprove DK. To tell someone's faults, to insult, put down TC. Compare འཕྱ་.དཔྱང་དཔྱང་CD, DS. give as the present of དཔྱོང་.དཔྱོ་དཔྱོ་CD. To change (Sch.) CD.དཔྱོང་དཔྱོང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དཔྱང་ CD.དཔྱངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.དཔྱང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཔྱོངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. པྱངས་ CD.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.འཕྱང་(Duff).གོས་དར་སོགས་ LZ. To dangle, to let down, to make hang down CD. To hang down, to dangle, to hang, to swing loosely DK. To make something hang down by sticking it on a stake, peg &c. DS. To make hand down TC.དཔྱོད་དཔྱོད་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. དཔྱད་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.དཔྱད་KY,N KYNZ gives dbyad and dpyad for the future, the former is certainly a mistake. LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.དཔྱོད་KYN, LZ, ND, DS, TC.KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཀྲ་རྟགས་སོགས་ LZ. བརྟག་ཅིང་ ND.To investigate, to examine into, to test by reasoning CD. To examine, understand DS. To evaluate meticulously, to examine carefully TC.དཔྲུལ་དཔྲུལ་DS. དཔྲུལ་[DS].དཔྲུལ་[DS].DS.1. To make something verb spherical less spherical. 2. (archaic) To scratch an itch. 3. (archaic) To ornament with an ornament DS.དཔྲེ་དཔྲེ་LZ, TC. དཔྲེས་LZ.དཔྲེ་LZ.པྲེས་LZ.སྐྲ་སོགས་ LZ.(archaic) To roll up, turn up TC.སྤ་སྤ་DK, DS, TC. སྤས་DK. སྤ་ [DS], TC.སྤ་DK, [DS], TC.སྤས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).To put on ornaments, to beautify, to put on, to wear DK. (archaic) To ornament, bedeck DS. To adorn, decorate, ornament TC. Compare སྤྲས་.སྤག་སྤག་CD, DK. སྤགས་ CD, DS. སྤགས་DK., [DS].སྤག་DK. སྤགས་ [DS].སྤགས་DK.DS.1. To sop up with meal or bread, to soak up gravy (Jä). 2. To accumulate (spag) CD. To shift, transfer one's self (spags) CD. To mix, to dip in, to dip a bread into soup or vegetable DK. To become swollen, blotted DS.སྤམ་སྤམ་DS. སྤམ་[DS].སྤམ་[DS].DS.འཕམ་NWH.To subdue, defeat, win DS.སྤུག་སྤུག་ND. སྤུགས་ND.སྤུག་ND.སྤུགས་ND. ཨྀND.ND.ND. འབུག་(Gyurme 1992: 260).སྦྲག་མར་ ND. To reverse, turn up side down (Gyurme 1992: 260).སྤུང་སྤུངས་LZ. སྤུང་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤུངས་LZ. སྤུང་ ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འབྲུ་སོགས་ཕུང་བོར་ LZ. མང་དུ་ (spungs) ND. ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ (-) ND1. To heap, accumulate, pile up. 2. To fill up CD. To accumulate, to heap, to pile up DK. For many things to be gathered together into a pile DS. To accumulate, gather in one place TC.སྤུད་སྤུད་DK, DS, TC. སྤུད་DK, [DS], TC.སྤུད་DK, [DS], TC.སྤུད་DK, TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).To put on, wear, to put on ornaments DK. (archaic) To decorate, ornament, bedeck DS. To wear, put on ornaments TC.སྤུབ་སྤུབ་LZ, CD, DK. སྤུབས་LZ, CD, DK.སྤུབ་LZ, DK.སྤུབ་LZ. སྤུབས་ DK. འབུབ་(Chang 1971: vii.5), (Beyer 1992: 116).ལྷུང་བཟེད་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ LZ.To reverse, to turn upside down CD. To turn upside down, to reverse upside down DK. (dialect) To turn down the rim of a vessel TC.སྤུར་སྤུར་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤུརད་ND, DK. སྤུར་ [DS], TC.སྤུར་ ND, DK, [DS], TC.སྤུརད་ND, DK. ཨྀ ND. སྤུར་ TC.ND, TC. ND.CD, DS, TC.འཕུར་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116).བྱ་སོགས་ ND.To make fly, to scare up, to let fly CD. To cause to fly, to make fly DK. To make fly (a bird &c.) DS. 1. To make fly. 2. To give, send off TC.སྤེལ་སྤེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤེལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྤེལ་ [DS], TC.སྤེལ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.སྤེལད་LZ, ND, DK. ཨྀ ND. སྤེལ་ TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཕེལ་(Beyer 1992: 116).ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་འཕྲིན་ལས་སོགས་ LZ. རྒྱ་ཆེར་ ND.1. To augment, to increase. 2. To diffuse. 3. To multiply (arithmetic) (Rtsii). 4. To conjoin, unite together, compose CD. 1. To make larger, more plentiful. 2. To know many people. 3. (mathematics) To multiply 4. To mutually compound, combine DS. 1. To increase, make larger. 2. To connect, join, combine, mix TC.(Denwood 1991: 136) suggests the following forms བེལ་, འབེལ་, འཕེལ་, སྤེལ་, ཕེའུ་, འཕེའུ་, with the meanings 'declare, make known, publicize, expose, accuse.' སྤོ་སྤོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤོད་ ND.སྤོས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྤོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤོས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འཕོ་CD. (Beyer 1992: 116).གོམ་པ་སོགས་ LZ. གོས་གདན་སོགས་ ND.To alter, change CD. To change, transfer, shift, to apply some illustration or reasons, to prove some other facts in some manner, to step DK. 1. To move by taking steps. 2. To raise the location of something DS. 1. To change, transform. 2. To classify TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggests that spyo 'to blame, scold' is derived from this verb via palatalization. སྤོག་སྤོག་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤགས་CD, DK, DS, TC.སྤག་DK, DS, TC.སྤོགས་CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.To carry elsewhere, remove CD. To cause to rise up, to jump up, to cause to become superior, to promote, to send, to cause to move DK. To raise from a low level to a high level DS. 1. To mix, combine. 2. To raise, move to another place TC.སྤོང་སྤོང་KYT, KYN , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤངས་KYT, KYN , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤང་KYT, KYN , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤོངས་KYT, KYN , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤོང་ CD.KYT, KYN , CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཕངས་(Gyurme 1992: 260)སྡིག་པ་དང་མི་དགེ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. རྐྱོན་ ND.To abandon, renounce, leave, deliver up, reject, throw out CD. To give up, abandon, to renounce, to practice DK. To get rid of, hide away. 2. To separate, break a connection DS. To clear away, get rid of TC.སྤོད་སྤོད་ ND. gives as the present of སྤོ་སྤོབས་1སྤོབས་LZ, CD. སྤོབས་LZ.སྤོབས་LZ.སྤོབས་LZ.མང་པོའི་ནང་དུ་ LZ.To dare, venture CD.སྤོབས་2སྤོབས་DS. To have courage, inner strength DS.སྤོར་སྤོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྤར་ CD, DS, TC.སྤར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤོརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྤོར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཕར་(Gyurme 1992: 260), (Duff).མེ་དང་གོང་དུ་ LZ, ND.To elevate, raise CD. 1. To increase, raise, promote. 2. To light a fire DK. To move from a previous place to another. 2. For something fixed (e.g. a wall) to quiver, slant, and fall. 3. To put in a higher place DS. 1. To set on fire. 2. To raise a price. 3. To put in a higher place. 4. (archaic) To change, shift, alter TC.སྤོར་སྤོར་DS. སྤོར་[DS].སྤོར་[DS].DS.1. To move from an earlier place to another place. 2. To change, exchange DS.སྤྱང་1སྤྱང་DS. སྤྱང་[DS].སྤྱང་[DS].DS.To keenly feel, to experience clearly DS.སྤྱང་2སྤྱང་DS. སྤྱོང་ CD.སྤྱངས་DS.སྤྱང་DS.སྤྱོང་DS.DS.DS.འཕྱང་(Beyer 1992: 116).To suspend, make hand down (Jä) CD. To hang down, dangle down (a rope &c.) DS.སྤྱིང་སྤྱིང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱིངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱིང་LZ, CK, DS, TC.སྤྱིངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱིང་ CD.CD, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC. འབྱིང་CD, (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260).མཚོ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ.To vanish, be lost, to sink, lower down, dip under CD. To cause to sink down, to submerge DK. To make something sink into water DS. To make sink TC.སྤྱིལ་སྤྱིལ་DS. སྤྱིལ་[DS].སྤྱིལ་[DS]. DS.To plaster (mud &c.) DS.སྤྱུག་སྤྱུག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱུགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱུགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱུག་ DS.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཡུལ་གཟཧནདུ་ LZ.To expel, drive out, banish CD. To expel, drive out, send out from a country DK. To punish by expelling, driving out to another land a man who has broken the law at a previous time DS. To send off elsewhere, to drive away, expel TC.སྤྱོ་སྤྱོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱོས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱོས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ངན་གཏམ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ LZ.To abuse, revile, blame, scold CD. To scold, blame with angry words, to reprove DK. To threaten, menace with forceful and bellicose words DS. To use harsh words, criticize, threaten, menace TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggests that this verb derives from spo via palatalization.སྤྱོང་སྤྱོང་ CD. gives as the present of སྤྱང་.སྤྱོད་སྤྱོད་KYT, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱད་KYT, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱད་KYT, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱོད་KYT, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དགེ་སྡིག་སོགས་ LZ. ལོངས་སུ་ ND.1. To practice, perform, accomplish, perpetrate, succeed in CD. To put to use, to make use of, utilize, to take pain for a success, to face some difficulty or difficulties DK. 1. To eat, wear (food, clothes &c.). 2. To do DS. 1. To do, cause. 2. To experience deterioration, to be used TC.སྤྱོན་སྤྱོན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བྱོནད་ND. སྤྱོནད་ DK. སྤྱོན་ [DS], TC.འབྱོན་ND. སྤྱོན་ DK, [DS], TC.སྤྱོནད་ND, DK. སྤྱོན་ TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC. འབྱོན་[CD].ཚུར་ལ་ ND.(archaic, honorific) To come, arrive CD. To make one go, make one come DK. (honorific) To exhort to come hither DS. To come, to arrive TC.སྤྱོམ་སྤྱོམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱོམས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྤྱོམ་LZ, CK, DS, TC. སྤྱོམ་LZ. སྤྱོམས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.སྐྱོན་སོགས་LZ.To boast, to exhibit with ostentation CD. To self-praise, to boast DK. To show off (good qualities &c.) to others DS. To show off, to exaggerate for others TC.སྤྲ་སྤྲ་CD, DS give as the present of སྤྲས་སྤྲང་སྤྲང་DS. སྤྲང་[DS].སྤྲང་[DS].DS.To wander without livelihood in order to beg (food &c.) DS.སྤྲད་སྤྲད་CD. gives as the present of སྤྲོད་སྤྲས་སྤྲས་LZ, DK, TC. སྤྲ་ CD, DS. སྤྲས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲས་LZ, DK, TC. སྤྲ་ DS.སྤྲས་LZ, DK, DS. སྤྲོས་ CD, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.To adorn, to decorate CD. To put on, wear, beautify DK. To decorate (with ornaments &c.) DS. To decorate, embellish, ornament TC. Compare སྤ་.སྤྲིང་སྤྲིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤྲིངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲིང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲིང་LZ. སྤྲིངས་ ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀND.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཡི་གེ་སོགས་ LZ. ཕྲིན་ཡིག་སོགས་ (springs) ND. ཕྲིན་ཡིག་ (-) ND. To send a message, to give information, to send word CD. To send a letter &c DK. To give, send a letter DS. To send, bestow, prolong TC.(Takeuchi 1990: 181) neutral as to social rank (cf. སྟོལ་ and གསོལ་).སྤྲིབ་སྤྲིབ་LZ. སྤྲིབས་ CD, DS, TC. སྤྲིབས་LZ.སྤྲིབ་LZ.སྤྲིབས་LZ.ལྟོ་བ་ LZ.To be hungry (Sch.) CD. (archaic) To be hungry DS, TC.སྤྲུག་སྤྲུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤྲུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲུག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS, TC.གདན་སོགས་ LZ. རྡུལ་སོགས་ (sprugs) ND. རྡུལ་ (-) ND.To shake, to shake off, to beat out (e.g. dust) CD. To shake off, to shake DK. To move back and forth quickly DS. To shake, agitate. 2. (archaic) To be finished, spent. 3. (archaic) To purify TC.སྤྲུལ་སྤྲུལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤྲུལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྤྲུལ་ [DS], TC.སྤྲུལ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.སྤྲུལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྤྲུལ་ TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྱུ་མ་སོགས་LZ. སྐྱེ་བ་(spruld) ND. སྐུར་(-) ND.To appear to change, to transform one's self, to cause illusions, to alter an object by magic CD. To transform, to perform miracles, to exhibit a miracle, to incarnate DK. To change (of speech by superstition or divine stories DS. To manifest (of the body of Buddha which arises because of Buddhist teachings) TC.སྤྲོ་1སྤྲོ་CD, TC. སྤྲོ་TC.སྤྲོ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).To feel energy for, incline toward, to delight in CD. To be happy, to be delighted TC.སྤྲོ་2སྤྲོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤྲོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲོས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀND.ND, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC. CD.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཕྲོ་(Beyer 1992: 116); (Gyurme 1992: 260).འོད་སོགས་ LZ, ND.1. To go out, proceed (of light, of the wind). 2. To enlarge upon by way of explaining CD. To focus rays, enlarge, spread out DK. 1. To make light spread. 2. To shoot out quickly DS. 1. To disseminate, spread, produce. 2. (dialect) To warm up TC.སྤྲོད་སྤྲོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྤྲད་CD.སྤྲད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྤྲོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, T C, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འཕྲོད་CD, (Beyer 1992: 116).ལག་ཏུ་དབྱུག་པ་སོགས་ LZ. འཐབ་མོ་དང་ལག་ཏུ་ ND. 1. To bring together, to put together, to make to meet. 2. To deliver a message. 3. To pay. 4. To explain CD. 1. To give, contribute. 2. To cause to meet, cause to fight, introduce. 3. To prove DK. 1. To give. 2. To entrust with, charge with. 3. To send, cause to be obtained in hand. 4. To bind, tighten. 5. To cause to understand through clear explanation. 6. To make to mutually meet, to introduce DS. 1. To give, send. 2. To join together, meet TC.སྤྲོས་སྤྲོས་DS. སྤྲོས་[DS].སྤོས་[DS].DS.To speak extensively DS.
ཕ་ཕངས་འཕང་ DK. ཕངས་DS. ཕངས་DK, [DS].ཕང་DK. ཕངས་[DS].ཕངས་DK.DS.སྤོང་(Gyurme 1992: 260)To feel for losing something or someone DK. 1. To be affectionate, near at hear. 2. To be sad, remorseful DS.ཕན་ཕན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕནད་LZ, DK ཕན་ [DS], TC.ཕན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཕན་LZ. ཕནད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྔགས་དང་རྫས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.To benefit, to be of use, to be useful CD. To benefit, to be of use, to be useful, to be helpful DK. 1. To be able, for good fruit to arise DS. To be helpful TC.ཕིགས་ཕིགས་TC. ཕིགས་TC.ཕིགས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC.1. To comprehend. 2. (dialect) To open, puncture TC. Compare འབིགས་.ཕིར་ཕིར་CD. (in West) To fall down (Jä) CD.ཕུད་ཕུད་TC. gives as the present of འཕུད་ཕུབ་ཕུབ་CD. To probe into, to penetrate into the meaning, to get at the sense CD.ཕེད་ཕེད་TC. ཕེད་TC.ཕེད་TC.ཕེད་TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).TC.To be able to cut, slice (wood &c.), to be able to excavate, dig (a tooth &c.) TC.ཕེབས་ཕེབ་CD. ཕེབས་ DK, DS, TC. ཕེབས་CD, DK, [DS], TC.ཕེབས་DK, [DS], TC.ཕེབས་DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.(honorific) To come, arrive, go, depart CD. To go, come, to move DK. (honorific) To go, come, arrive DS. (honorific) To go, come TC.ཕེའུ་(Denwood 1991: 136) suggests the following forms བེལ་, འབེལ་, འཕེལ་, སྤེལ་, ཕེའུ་, འཕེའུ་, with the meanings 'declare, make known, publicize, expose, accuse.' ཕེར་ཕེར་CD, DS. ཕེར་[DS].ཕེར་[DS].DS.To be able, capable of, equal to CD. To be able, to be allowed DS.ཕོག་ཕོག་TC. gives as the present of འཕོགས་.ཕོངས་ཕོངས་CD. ཕང་CD.To save, spare, to use economy CD.ཕོང་ཕོང་TC. gives as the present of འཕོངས་. ཕོངས་ཕོངས་LZ. gives as the present of འཕོངས་. ཕོད་ འཕོད་DK. ཕོད་DK. འཕོད་DK.ཕོད་DK.ཕོད་CD, DS. འཕོད་ CD, (DS).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).1. To cope with, to be able, to coerce. 2. To withstand, to be a match for CD. To be capable of taking risk, to be courageous, to be able of taking decisions DK. To have courage, to be able DS.ཕྱིད་ཕྱིད་CD, DS. ཕྱིད་[DS].ཕྱིད་[DS].DS.1. To suffice, to be sufficient. 2. To freeze, become frozen CD. For skin and flesh of a body and organic matter to change nature having frozen DS.ཕྱིན་ཕྱིནད་LZ. ཕྱིན་ DS. ཕྱིནད་LZ. ཕྱིན་ [DS].ཕྱིན་LZ, [DS].ཕྱིནད་LZ.DS.གནས་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་LZ.To go, arrive DS.generally regarded as the past of འགྲོ་.ཕྱིས་ཕྱིས་DS. ཕྱིས་[DS].ཕྱིས་[DS].DS.To purify through rubbing an unclean smell on top of something DS.ཕྱུག་ཕྱུག་DK, DS, TC. ཕྱུག་DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱུག་DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱུག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.To enrich, to become rich DK. To have many things DS. To have great things, have many things TC.ཕྱེད་ཕྱེད་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱེད་DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱེད་DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱེད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).To change CD. To change, to be separated DK. 1. To distribute, to separate individually. 2. To change DS. 1. To distinguish, separate, separate boundaries. 2. To divide mentally, to know characteristics TC.(Stein 1939: 306-7, 1942: 230) suggests this verb is related to ཕྱ་ 'oracle.'ཕྱོ་ཕྱོ་ཕྱོ་ CD, DS. ཕྱོ་DK. ཕྱོ་DK.ཕྱོ་DK.ཕྱོ་DK.To incite or set on a dog CD. To order a dog to bite someone DK. A sound to incite, provoke a dog DS.ཕྱོགས་ཕྱོགས་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱོགས་DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱོགས་DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱོགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ཕྱོགས་ 'direction' NWH.1. To go aside, diverge, to turn. 2. To become visible, to make evident to CD. To divert, turn aside, go aside DK. To turn DS. `1. To face. 2. To enter upon an action. 3. To mentally attend to TC.ཕྱོད་ཕྱོད་CD. To be thorough, to carry through CD.ཕྲལ་ཕྲལ་TC. gives as the present of འཕྲལ་ཕྲས་ཕྲས་DS. ཕྲས་[DS]. ཕྲས་[DS].DS.To stretch out the hands and feet DS.ཕྲི་ཕྲི་CD. gives as a present of འཕྲི་ཕྲུལ་ཕྲུལ་TC. ཕྲུལ་TC.ཕྲུལ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC.To hang down TC.ཕྲེལ་ཕྲེལ་ND. gives as the present of འཕྲལ་.དཔཧྲོག་དཔཧྲོག་CD (Rdo 46). gives as a present of འཕྲོག་.འཕག་འཕག་DS. འཕག་[DS].འཕག་[DS].DS.For living creatures to shake, quiver DS.འཕག་འཕག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕགས་ [LZ], ND. འཕགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཕག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཕགས་ [LZ].འཕགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, DS. འཕོགས་ TC.ND, DS.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Abl./Ela.] (Hackett 2003).གོང་དུ་ LZ.To rise up, to be elevated, to raise one's self, to be uplifted or raised, to ascend CD. To bounce, to jump up, to be elevated DK. 1. To become higher in the upward direction. 2. To remain from others DS. To fly, flutter upward TC.The verb tables of TC give འཕགས་ as a separate verb, the text does not justify this, nor does (li yung khrang 1988) follow them in this.འཕང་འཕང་CD, DK. ཕང་ CD. ཕོངས་ CD.ཕངས་CD, DK.ཕང་DK.ཕངས་DK.To save, spare, use economy (Jä) CD. To cause to be avaricious DK.འཕང་འཕང་DK. gives as a present of ཕངས་འཕམ་འཕམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕམ་ND.ཕམ་LZ. འཕམ་DK, DS, TC.ཕམ་LZ. ཕམས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཔུང་སོགས་ LZ.To be defeated, subdued, vanquished, worsted, to succumb CD. To be defeated, to lose, fail, to feel dissatisfactory, to feel sorry DK. 1. To be defeated. 2. To deteriorate, weaken (belief, mental vigor &c.) DS. To be defeated unmatched by the other side TC.འཕར་འཕར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕརད་ DK.འཕརད་LZ, DK. འཕར་[DS], TC. ཕར་ DK.འཕར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཕར་LZ. འཕརད་ DK. ཕརད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.CD, DS, TC. སྤོར་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 260).གོ་ས་དང་ནད་སོགས་ LZ.1. To leap up, to fly up, to bound, to throb. 2. To be raised, elevated, promoted, advanced. 3. To flutter, to move to and fro (A. 16) CD. To increase, to become higher, increase, to go higher up, fly up, to pulse DK. 1. To multiply. 2. To get larger, higher. 3. To move to and fro DS. 1. To raise up, tremble. 2. To increase, multiply TC.(Simon 1971: 474) suggests this verb is related via ablaut to འཕུར་ 'to fly'འཕིབས་འཕིབས་DK. འབུབས་ ND.ཕིབ་DK. ཕིབས་ND.དབིབ་DK. དབུབས་ND.ཕིབས་ND, DK. NDB. ཐོག་སོགས་ND.To pitch a tent, roof, umbrella DK. Compare འབུབས་.འཕིརད་འཕིརད་DK. ཕིར་DK.འཕིར་DK.ཕིརད་DK.To jump, leap, sparkle DK.འཕུང་འཕུང་CD, DS, TC. འཕུངས་ DK. ཕུང་CD, DK, DS, TC.འཕུང་DK, DS, TC.ཕུངས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).To degenerate, decay, to be in declining circumstances, to wear away CD. To ruin, to degenerate, to decay DK. To destroy, harm, injure DS. 1. To lose, destroy, harm, injure. 2. To be collected together, to compound, assemble, collect TC.འཕུད་འཕུད་LZ, CD, DS. ཕུད་ TC. ཕུད་LZ, CD, DS, TC.ཕུད་LZ, TC. འཕུད་ DS.ཕུད་LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281), (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281). འབུད་(Duff).ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ནང་ནས་ LZ.To transfer, lay aside, to put apart CD. 1. To take out from among, to expel. 2. To take from the body (wool &c.). 3. To take something from one direction and drive away DS. To expel out, drive away TC.འཕུབ་འཕུབ་CD. gives as the present of འབུབས་.འཕུར་1འཕུར་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕུར་CD, DK, DS, TC.དབུར་DK. འཕུར་DS, TC.ཕུརད་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).To rub with the hand (e.g. in washing), to scratch softly (Jä) CD. To rub, to tan DK. To touch again and again in the same place, to tub DS. To tan, to scratch TC.འཕུར་2འཕུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འཕུརད་LZ, DK, DS. ཕུར་ CD. འཕུར་ TC.འཕུར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕུར་LZ. འཕུརད་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྤུར་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116).ནམ་མཁཨར་ LZ.1. To fly. 2. To fan, flop to and fro CD. To fly, to fly in the sky DK. 1. For a bird, kind of insect to use wings to go, come in the intermediate space between heaven and earth. 2. For something to float, fly in the sky DS. To go in the sky, fly in the intermediate space between heaven and earth TC.(Simon 1971: 474) suggests this verb is related via ablaut to འཕར་ 'to raise'འཕུལ་འཕུལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕུལད་LZ, DK. འཕུལ་ [DS], TC.འཕུལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཕུལ་LZ, TC. འཕུལད་ DK.TC.DS, TC.གྲངས་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཁ་དང་ནན་ནས་ཕྱིར་ LZ.To press, drive, push, knock CD. To be prefixed, to come in front of DK. To make pass DS. 1. To leave behind, abandon, reject. 2. To prefix a letter to a root letter TC.འཕེན་འཕེནད་LZ. འཕེན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཕངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཕང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཕོངས་LZ, DS. འཕོངས་ ND, TC. ཕོང་ DK. འཕེནད་ DK.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཟོར་དང་མདའ་སོགས་ LZ. མདའ་སོགས་ ND.To throw, to fling CD. To throw, shoot, to give up DK. To expel, shoot out (arrows, bullets &c.) relying on (elastic power &c.) DS. To throw, strike, throw out, throw away TC.འཕེབས་འཕེབས་DK. gives as the present of འབེབས་.འཕེར་འཕེར་CD, DK, TC. ཕེརད་DK. འཕེར་TC. ཕེར་DK. འཕེར་TC.འཕེརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.To raise CD. To be able, to be capable, to be serviceable, to be eligible DK. To be able, appropriate TC.འཕེལ་འཕེལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕེལད་ DK. འཕེལ་LZ, [DS], TC. ཕེལ་ CD, DK. འཕེལད་ DK. འཕེལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཕེལ་LZ. ཕེལད་DK. འཕེལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྤེལ་(Beyer 1992: 116).འཆད་ཉན་དང་རྟ་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ.To increase either in number or in size, to become more or larger CD. To increase, to become larger, bigger, to become wider, develop DK. 1. To increase in number. 2. To increase in size, volume DS. To increase in size, increase in number TC.(Denwood 1991: 136) suggests the following forms བེལ་, འབེལ་, འཕེལ་, སྤེལ་, ཕེའུ་, འཕེའུ་, with the meanings 'declare, make known, publicize, expose, accuse.' འཕོ་འཕོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཕོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཕོ་ ND.འཕོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཕོས་LZ, ND, DK. ཕོས་ CD. ཨྀ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྤོ་(Beyer 1992: 116).གནས་དང་རྣམ་ཤེས་སོགས་ LZ. གནས་ནས་ ND.To change place, go, move oneself away, migrate CD. To be transferred, to move from one place to another place, to change DK. 1. To move from one place to another place. 2. To die DS. To go, to pass on TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggests འཕྱོ་ 'range, roam about, gambol' is derived from this verb via palatalization.འཕོག་འཕོག་LZ, CD, DS. འཕོགས་DK. ཕོག་ TC. ཕོག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.ཕོག་LZ, TC. འཕོག་ DK, DS.ཕོག་LZ. ཕོགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འབོགས་(Duff).གནད་དང་ཐུགས་ LZ.To strike, to affect, influence, touch CD. To hit, strike DK. 1. To hit on top. 2. To come on top of the meaning of a verbal expression, to hurt, to offend someone. 3. To get sick, be ill DS. To hit, strike TC. Compare འབགས་, སྦག་.འཕོང་ཕོངས་LZ. འཕོངས་ CD, DK, DS. ཕོང་ TC.འཕོངས་LZ, CD. ཕོངས་ DK, DS, TC.ཕོངས་LZ. འཕོང་DK. འཕོངས་ DS. ཕོང་ TC.ཕོངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Instr.] CD, (Hackett 2003).རྒྱུ་ནོར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.1. To be poor, indigent, unfortunate. 2. (with instrumental) To be bereft of, to lose CD. To be destitute, to become poor DK. To become poor, to not have many possessions DS. To be poor TC.འཕོད་འཕོད་ CD, DK, (DS). give as an alternate of ཕོད་འཕོལ་འཕོལ་DK. ཕོལད་DK.ཕོལ་DK.འཕོལད་DK.To break through the difficulties of knowing DK.འཕྱ་འཕྱ་LZ, CD, DK, DS. འཕྱས་LZ, CD, DS. ཕྱས་ DK.འཕྱ་LZ, DS. ཕྱ་ DK.འཕྱས་LZ, DK, DS.DS.DS.གཞན་ལ་ LZ.To blame, censure, chide, abuse, deride CD. To reprove, to blame, criticize DK. To abuse, mistreat, insult, belittle DS.འཕྱག་འཕྱག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱགས་LZ, CD, TC. ཕྱགས་ DK, DSའཕྱག་LZ, TC. ཕྱག་ DK, DS. ཕྱགས་LZ. འཕྱགས་ DK. ཕྱོགས་ DS. འཕྱོགས་ TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.རྡུལ་སོགས་ LZ.To sweep CD. To sweep, to clean with a broom DK. To clean dirt, dust with a broom DS. To clean TC.འཕྱང་འཕྱང་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཕྱངས་LZ, CD, (DS), TC. ཕྱང་ DK. འཕྱང་ [DS].འཕྱང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱོངས་LZ. ཕྱངས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.སྤྱང་(Beyer 1992: 116).འོག་དང་ཐུར་དུ་ LZ.To hang down, to be suspended, to hang on to CD. To be suspended, to hang down DK. To hang down from the end of a long thing DS. To be bent downward by nature TC.འཕྱན་འཕྱན་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཕྱནད་DK.འཕྱནད་LZ. ཕྱན་ DK. འཕྱན་ [DS], TC.འཕྱན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱོནད་LZ. ཕྱནད་ DK. འཕྱོན་TC.TC.DS, TC.ཕྱོགས་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ LZ.To ramble, range, roam about, wander, stray from (Jä) CD. To wonder, to ramble DK. 1. To turn. 2. To travel without a definite destination DS. To roam, wander TC.འཕྱར་འཕྱར་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱརད་ND, DK. ཕྱར་ DS, TC.འཕྱར་ND, TC. ཕྱར་ DK, DS.ཕྱོརད་ND, DK. ཕྱོར་ CD, DS, TC. འཕྱོར་CD.CD, ND, DS, TC., (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བ་དན་སོགས་ ND.1. To hoist, lift, to hold aloft. 2. To show, to represent, to excite, to awaken (Cs.) CD. To lift up, to raise, to hoist a flag DK. 1. To winnow (kinds of grain &c.) in the wind. 2. To stick in a high place DS. To raise, hoist on high TC.འཕྱི་འཕྱི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱིས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱིས་ CD.འཕྱི་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕྱི་LZ. འཕྱིས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དུས་ཚོད་སོགས་ LZ.To be late, to be belated, to come too late CD. To be late, to come later DK. For a certain time to pass DS. To be late, to be delayed TC.འཕྱི་འཕྱི་(Gyurme 1992: 261).འབྱི་2(Gyurme 1992: 261).To be effaced (Gyurme 1992: 261).འཕྱིང་འཕྱིངས་DK, TC. འཕྱིང་ DS. ཕྱིང་DK. འཕྱིངས་DS, TC.འཕྱིང་ DK, DS. འཕྱིངས་TC. ཕྱིངས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).To intermingle, to become like felt DK. To be tangled DS. To be tangled, get stuck together TC.འཕྱིད་འཕྱིད་CD, DK, TC. ཕྱིད་DK, TC.འཕྱིད་DK, TC.ཕྱིད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.To suffice, be enough CD. To spoil the eyes in snow DK. 1. To suffer in the limbs, or power of eyesight. 2. To finish, to carry through with TC. Compare འབྱིད་1.འཕྱིད་2འཕྱིད་CD, ND, (DS). give as the present of འབྱིད་2འཕྱིད་3འཕྱིད་ND. gives as the present of འབྱིད་1འཕྱིལ་འཕྱིལ་CD. To wind, to twist (Wdn.) (Jä) CD.འཕྱུག་འཕྱུག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱུགས་CD. འཕྱུགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕྱུགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཚེས་གྲངས་དང་ལམ་སོགས་ LZ.1. To mistake, to be mistaken. 2. To miss CD. To mistake, to be mistaken DK. To make a mistake, to be confused DS. To make a mistake, blunder, go wrong TC. Compare འཆུག་.འཕྱུར་འཕྱུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱུརད་LZ. ཕྱུར་ DK. འཕྱུར་ [DS], TC.འཕྱུར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཕྱུརད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མཚོ་དང་དུ་བ་སོགས་ LZ.1. To ascend, to mount, to rise up (of smoke), to overflow, inundate (of rivers, lakes &c.). 2. To heap up, to accumulate (Sch.) CD. To rise up, to overflow DK. To bubble up (clouds, smoke &c.) DS. To spread, diffuse, curl, swirl TC.འཕྱེ་འཕྱེ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱེས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཕྱེས་ DK.འཕྱེ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕྱེ་LZ. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ཁྲོ་བ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.To crawl, to creep, like snakes CD. To creep like a snake, to move on stomach close to the ground [sic] DK. To crawl, slither without feet DS. To go TC.འཕྱོ་འཕྱོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱོས་LZ, CD, DS. འཕྱོ་ ND, TC. ཕྱོས་ DK. འཕྱོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕྱོ་LZ. འཕྱོས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.བར་སྣང་སོགས་སུ་ LZ.1. To move, throb, be agitated. 2. To soar, to float in the air (Thgy.). 3. To flow forth, heave, smell (of fluids). 4. To range, roam about, gambol CD. To move, to wave, to throb DK. 1. To leap, surge upward. 2. For the mind to flitter about because of one condition. 3. To float, glide on the surface of water DS. 1. To fly, leap. 2.To raise up, jump. 3. For the mind to be unhappy TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggests that this verb derives from འཕོ་ 'change place, shift' via palatalization. (Duff) suggests it is related to འཕྱེ་འཕྱོང་འཕྱོང་CD, ND, DS. འཕྱོང་ND.1. To protect. 2. To lay aside, abandon CD. (archaic) To protect, take care of DS.འཕྱོད་འཕྱོད་DK. ཕྱོད་DK.ཕྱོད་DK.ཕྱོད་DK.To cover up DK.འཕྱོར་འཕྱོར་LZ, CD, TC. འཕྱརད་LZ. འཕྱོར་ TC.འཕྱར་LZ. འཕྱོར་ TC.འཕྱོརད་LZ. འཕྱོར་TC.TC.DS.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རུ་མཚོན་སོགས་ LZ.1. To rove. 2. To raise, brandish, feel, sense CD. To be rich, to adorn TC.DS gives as an orthographic variant of the adjective མཆོར་ 'handsome'འཕྲ་འཕྲ་CD, DS. འཕྲས་CD, DS.འཕྲ་DS.ཨྀDS.TC.DS.To kick, to strike with the foot, to struggle CD. To kick (of a horses and yaks) DS.འཕྲག་འཕྲག་CD. To stir up, to spur (a horse &c.) CD.འཕྲངས་འཕྲངས་DK. ཕྲང་DK.འཕྲང་DK.ཕྲངས་DK.To be anxious, to be attached, enthusiastic DK. Compare འཕྲེང་.འཕྲད་འཕྲད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. ཕྲད་ DS. ཕྲེད་ CD.ཕྲད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྲད་ ND.ཕྲད་LZ, CD, DK, DS. འཕྲད་ DS, TC.ཕྲད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱུ་རྐྱེན་ཕན་ཚུན་ LZ.To interview, to meet together CD. To meet, to face DK. To assemble at one time DS. To meet TC.འཕྲབ་འཕྲབ་CD, DK. ཕྲབས་DK.ཕྲབ་DK.འཕྲབས་DK.To kick, struggle, dance CD. To beat, to harm DK.འཕྲལ་འབྲལ་KYN, LZ, DS. འཕྲལ་ CD, DK, (DS). ཕྲེལ་ ND. ཕྲལ་ TC. ཕྲལ་KYN, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྲལད་LZ, ND.དབྲལ་KYN, LZ, CD, DK, DS. འཕྲལ་ ND. འབྲལ་ (ND). ཕྲལ་TC.ཕྲོལད་KYN, LZ, ND. ཕྲོལ་ CD, DK, DS, TC.KYN, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs? Ass.] CD. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འབྲལ་CD (Jä), (Chang 1971: vii.2), (Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff).མཛའ་བོ་སོགས་སོ་སོར་LZ. སོ་སོར་ND.(with the word dang signifying 'from') To separate, part CD. To part, to separate, to keep apart, put apart DK. 1. To separate individually. 2. To pierce, tear. 3. To enter in order to separate (e.g. friends and enemies) DS. 1. To throw away, separate, make different. 2. To tear, rip TC.འཕྲི་འབྲི་KYN ,(LZ,) (NDB). བྲི་LZ. འཕྲི་CD, DK, (DS), (TC). ཕྲི་ CD. འབྲིད་ ND, DS, TC. ཕྲིས་KYNZKYNCW has the reading bris., CD, TC, ND. ཕྲི་ LZ, DK, DS.དབྲི་ KYNZ, LZ, NDA, DK, DS, TC. དཔྲི་CD. འབྲི་ NDB. ཕྲིས་KYNZ, (LZ) CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕྲི་LZ.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འབྲི་2(Chang 1971: vii.3).རྫས་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ནས་LZ. ཉུང་ཕྱིར་ ND.To diminish, take away from CD. To reduce, to make less, diminish DK. To subtract from a round number DS. To make fewer TC.འཕྲིག་འཕྲིག་CD, DK, TC. འཕྲིགས་ DS. ཕྲིགས་DK. འཕྲིགས་[DS], TC.ཕྲིག་DK. འཕྲིག་ [DS], TC.འཕྲིགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.To doubt, be undecided about CD. To test, examine, to understand, to ascertain, to throb DK. 1. To know, to understand. 2. To doubt, be suspicious DS. 1. To examine with scrutiny. 2. To rise, move back and forth TC.འཕྲུ་འཕྲུ་DK. ཕྲུས་DK.ཕྲུ་DK.འཕྲུས་DK.To plough a fresh piece of land, to dig land for cultivation DK.འཕྲུག་འཕྲུག་CD, DS, TC. འཕྲུགས་DK. ཕྲུགས་CD. ཕྲུག་DK. འཕྲུགས་DS, TC.འཕྲུག་DK, DS, TC.ཕྲུགས་DK, TC. འཕྲུགས་DS.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).To scratch one's body CD. To itch DK. To rub, scratch the an itch on the body DS. To scratch TC.འཕྲུལ་འཕྲུལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཕྲུལད་LZ. འཕྲུལ་ [DS].འཕྲུལ་LZ, [DS].ཕྲུལད་LZ.(Hoshi 2003).DS.TC. སྤྲུལ་CD.ཡ་མ་ཟུང་དུ་ LZ.1. To appear to change, to transform one's self, to cause illusions, to alter an object by magic. 2. To be mistaken, err, to make blunders. 3. To separate, sort, discriminate (the good from the bad, truth from falsehood) (Jä) CD. For a false meaning to arise, manifest to mind or senses DS. To manifest magically, to move TC.འཕྲེ་འཕྲེ་CD. འཕྲེས་CD.To incline, to lean against, to put down, to lay down CD.འཕྲེང་འཕྲེང་LZ, CD, ND. འཕྲེངས་ DK. འཕྲེངས་LZ. འཕྲེང་ND, TC. ཕྲེང་ DK.འཕྲེང་LZ, DK, TC.ཕྲེངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. སེམཨེས་ལ་ཀྱེ་མ་སྙམ་དུ་LZ.1. To fasten, be fastened to, be affixed to, be arranged (especially in a settled and orderly manner) CD. To be anxious, to be attached, enthusiastic DK. To think about a person or thing TC.འཕྲོ་འཕྲོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྲོས་ DK. འཕྲོས་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཕྲོ་ DK.འཕྲོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཕྲོ་LZ. འཕྲོས་ (LZ). ཕྲོ་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Abl.] CD. [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྤྲོ་2CD, (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260).འོད་ཟེར་སོགས་LZ.To proceed, issue, emanate from, to spread, diffuse CD. To emanate light and mind DK. 1. For light to shine. 2. For the mind or eyes to wander DS. 1. To radiate, shine. 2. To wander TC.འཕྲོག་འཕྲོག་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཔཧྲོག་ CD (Rdo 46).ཕྲོགས་KYT, ND, DS, TC. ཕྲོག་ TD, LZ, CD (Rdo 46), DK.དཔཧྲོག་KYT, CD. འཕྲོག་CD (Rdo 46). དབྲོག་ TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS.ཕྲོག་(Zeisler 2004: 349). ཕྲོགས་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་གྱི་ནོར་སོགས་ TD. གཞན་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ. རྒྱུ་ནོར་ ND.To rob, run away with, to deprive of CD. To rub, to snatch, to grab, to attract DK. 1. For someone to take something by force which had not been given. 2. To take by force for oneself. 3. To bring to mind DS. To take, assemble by force TC.འཕྲོད་འཕྲོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཕྲོད་LZ, ND, [DS], TC. ཕྲོད་ CD, DK.འཕྲོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཕྲོད་LZ. ཕྲོད་ DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྤྲོད་(Beyer 1992: 116).སྨན་སོགས་དང་ཕྱག་ཏུ་ LZ. To be given, bestowed, offered, delivered CD. To receive, to be recognized, to be fit or suitable, to be benefited or helped by being suitable DK. For something give to arrive in hand. 2. To conform, to be appropriate. 3. To be mentally certain DS. 1. To receive something given, to obtain, receive in hand. 2. To be suitable, to be in harmony, to help. 3. (archaic) To gather, assemble TC.
བ་བང་བང་DS, TC. give as a present to འབང་1བད་བད་DS, TC. བད་[DS], TC.བད་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.1. To be satisfied by food, sated, full. 2. To become drunk, intoxicated DS. 1. To be satisfied. 2. To become drunk, intoxicated TC.བམ་བམ་DK, TC. བམས་DK. བམ་ TC.བམ་DK, TC.བམས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS.To be mildewed DK. To rot TC.བུད་བུད་TC. བུད་TC.བུད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC. [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003) འབུད་(Chang 1971: vii.6), (Duff).To come out, away TC.བུར་བུར་DK. བུརད་DK.བུར་DK.བུརད་DK.To be dislocated, to become crooked DK.བུལ་བུལ་DK. བུལད་DK.བུལ་DK.བུལད་DK.To become slow, to be slow DK.བེམ་བེམ་DS. བེམ་[DS].བེམ་[DS].DS.To become numb DS.བེལ་(Denwood 1991: 136) suggests the following forms བེལ་, འབེལ་, འཕེལ་, སྤེལ་, ཕེའུ་, འཕེའུ་, with the meanings 'declare, make known, publicize, expose, accuse.' བོ་བོ་CD. gives as the present of འབོ་.བོན་བོན་LZ, CD. འབོན་DK.བོནད་LZ, DK.བོན་LZ, DK.བོན་LZ. འབོནད་DK.ལྷའི་སྔགས་སོགས་LZ.(archaic) To express, to mutter CD. 1. To ask (a god, sovereign). 2. To give, offer (to a god, sovereign). 3. (for a god, sovereign) To receive, obtain, take. 4. (probable) to murmur, recite (charms, prayers). 5. (probable) To invoke, summon, call (Uray 1964). To express, recite, mutter DK.very likely related to the noun བོན་, and (Lalou 1953) suggests also a comparison with བོད་ 'tibet'བོར་བོར་DS, TC. བོར་[DS], TC.བོར་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. འབོར་(Duff).1. For something to become lost 2. To wane, disappear, throw away. 3. To say, do DS. To lose TC.བྱང་བྱང་DS. བྱང་[DS].བྱང་[DS].DS.1. For experience to be great. 2. To make something soft, smooth through wiping, touching DS.བྱབ་བྱབ་CD, DS, TC. འབྱབ་DK.བྱབས་CD, DK, DS, TC.བྱབ་DK, DS,TC.བྱོབས་DS, TC. འབྱབས་ DK.DS, TC.DS, TC.1. To cleanse, wash, wipe. 2. To seize, clutch CD. To haul down, to remove filthy matters, to wash, clean DK. To rub, sweep DS. To sweep, clear away, wipe TC.བྱམས་བྱམས་LZ, DS, TC. བྱམས་LZ, [DS], TC.བྱམས་LZ, [DS], TC.བྱམས་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བུ་གཅེ་སོགས་ལ་LZ.The opposite of dislike, to be near at heart DS. 1. To want another to have happiness. 2. For clothes to fit, be comfortable on the body TC.བྱི་བྱི་TC. gives as the present of འབྱི་བྱིང་བྱིང་ND. gives as the present of འབྱིང་ or སྤྱིང་བྱིབ་བྱིབ་CD. འབྱིབ་(CD), DK, (DS). བྱིབས་ DS. བྱིབས་CD, DK, [DS]. འབྱིབ་[(DS)].བྱིབ་DK. བྱིབས་[DS]. འབྱིབ་[(DS)].བྱིབས་DK.DS.[To cover] CD. To encase, cover DS. To be covered up, to spread over, to spread, to smudge with ink, to cause to spread over, to wrap in DK.བྱིལ་བྱིལ་CD, DS. བྱིལ་[DS].བྱིལ་[DS].DS.To rub, spread (unguent, salve) DS.བྱུག་བྱུག་LZ, ND, CD. gives as the present of འབྱུག་བྱུང་བྱུང་DS. Suffixed to the past tense of a verb meaning 'to make, do' DS.from the verb འབྱུང་. NWH.བྱེད་བྱེད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བྱས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བྱ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བྱོ་(Zeisler 2004: 348). བྱོས་CD, ND, DS, TC. བྱེད་ (CD), DK.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)ལས་ ND.To do, to make CD. To do, work DK. 1. To do, work. 2. To replace, substitute, take responsibility for DS. To do the work of mind, speech, or body TC.བྱེར་བྱེར་CD, ND. བྱེརད་ND.འབྱེར་ND.བྱེརད་ND.སོ་སོར་ND.To separate, disintegrate, destroy CD.བྱོ་བྱོར་CD.To hear, listen to CD.བྲ་1བྲ་CD. To have great plenty, be in great plenty CD. Root given as bra < *mra (Beyer 1992: 86).བྲ་2བྲ་DS. To be able, to withstand, endure DS.བྲན་བྲན་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འབྲན་ DS.བྲནད་LZ, DK. བྲན་ DS, TC.བྲན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བྲན་LZ. བྲནད་DK. བྲོན་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ཆབ་སོགས་LZ.To saturate with water, to moisten CD. 1. To pour water. 2. To strew DK. To make wet by pouring water something on it DS. 1. To scatter, disperse. 2. To give, provide TC.བྲབ་བྲབ་LZ. gives as the present of འབྲབ་བྲི་བྲི་ND. give as the present of འབྲི་1བྲི་བྲི་DS. gives as the present of འབྲི་2བྲིན་བྲིན་DK, DS, TC. བྲིནད་DK. བྲིན་ [DS], TC.བྲིན་DK, [DS], TC.བྲིནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. རིན་ 'price, value' NWH.To be sold, to be demanded DK. To take money, for buyers to be plentiful DS. To sell, market TC.བྲིམ་བྲིམ་ND. gives as the present of འབྲིམ་.བྲུག་བྲུག་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྲུགས་DK. བྲུག་[DS], TC.བྲུག་DK, [DS], TC.བྲུགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.To flow, to stream out, to gush forth CD. To be increased, to be full, to be filled with DK. For water to suddenly rise DS. For water to naturally increase, fill TC.བྲུབ་1བྲུབ་ND. gives as the present of འབྲུབ་1བྲུབ་2བྲུབ་DS. gives as the present of འབྲུབ་2བྲུལ་བྲུལ་DS. gives as the present of འབྲུལ་བྲེ་བྲེ་DS, TC. བྲེས་DS, TC.བྲེ་DS, TC.བྲེས་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)To stretch out (a canopy &c.) across the top of something DS. To spread, lay out, cover, adorn, connect together TC.བྲེད་བྲེད་CD, TC. བྲེད་TC.བྲེད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC.To be alarmed, depressed at heart, to be dejected, to be ashamed CD. To fear, be afraid of TC.བྲེལ་བྲེལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC . བྲེལད་ND, DK. བྲེལ་ [DS], TC.བྲེལ་ND, DK, [DS], TC.ཨྀND, TC. བྲེལད་ NDA, DK.ND, TC. NDA.DS, TC.བྱ་བས་ ND. བྱ་ལས་NDA. To be busy, engaged, to have business CD. To be busy with, to hurry, hasten DK. [To be busy] DS. To be occupied, busy TC.བྲོ་བྲོ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྲོ་DK, [DS], TC.བྲོ་DK, [DS], TC.བྲོ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Obl. Abs.] (Hackett 2003) རོ་ 'taste' (Hahn 1973: 440).1. To swear, take an oath. 2. To taste, to get enjoyment of. 3. (in Center) To desire, to wish CD. To taste, experience in a taste DK. 1. To have direct experience, mentally appear. 2. To experience with the nose or tongue DS. 1. To desire. 2. To arise, experience TC.(Hahn 1973: 440) suggests that the ro 'taste' < *bro, i.e. the b- is indeed part of the root.བྲོད་བྲོད་DS. བྲོད་[DS].བྲོད་[DS].DS.To be joyful, to enjoy DS.བླག་བླག་LZ, CD, DK, TC. བློག་DS.བླགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བླག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བླགས་LZ, DK. བློགས་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.རྣ་བ་སོགས་LZ.1. To attend to, to hearken to, to lean toward, to permit. 2. To shed tears (Jä) CD. (only used with རྣ་ or རྣ་བ་) To incline one's ear to, to listen to (de Jong 1973). To give, lend one's ear; to listen to DK. 1. To hear by mentally concentrating, lending one's ear. 2. To cry DS. 1. To lend one's ear to a saying, listen. 2. To give off, shed TC.བླད་བླད་CD, DK, DS, TC. བླད་DK, TC.བླད་DK, TC.བླད་DK. བློད་TC.TC.DS, TC.To chew CD. To chew cud, to chew DK. (archaic) To chew DS. To chew, grind, suck on TC. Compare ལྡད་.བླས་བླས་DS. བླས་[DS].བླས་[DS].DS.(for a soft, thin thing) To connect by plaiting together many strands DS. Compare སླ་2.བླུ་བླུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བླུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བླུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བླུས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྲོག་སོགས་LZ.To ransom, redeem (a pawn, pledge, or security) CD. To buy back, redeem; to redeem [the] life of a man, animal by paying some money; to ransom DK. (honorific) To buy DS. To buy something previously relied upon, (particularly) to buy for a religious purpose TC. Compare the noun གླུད་ 'ransom'. བླུག་བླུག་CD, DK, TC. give as the present of ལྡུག་.བླུད་བླུད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. give as the present of ལྡུད་བློང་བློང་DK. བློངས་DK.བློང་DK.བློངས་DK.1. To become nervous, to be mentally unsettled, to be uneasy. 2. To get bored, become dull DK.བློད་༼྄༽༔ བློད་(Denwood 1991: 136). To counsel, discuss, place (Denwood 1991: 136).བློན་བློན་LZ, DS. བླན་ TC.བླནད་LZ.བླན་LZ.བློནད་LZ.གཡང་སོགས་ནང་དུ་ LZ.(archaic) To advise DS. 1. To face inward, to send hither, to lead. 2. To support, establish, help TC. Compare གླན་ (?) NWH.དབང་དབང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དབང་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC. དབང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. དབང་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC. TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཡུལ་འཁོར་སོགས་ལ་LZ.To own, to belong, to have a right DK. To lay out, arrange, place, assemble, to use, to be available for use DS. To own, to have, to be able TC.དབུར་དབུར་LZ, CD, DS, TC. དབུརད་LZ. དབུར་ TC.དབུར་LZ, TC.དབུར་LZ, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དབྱིག་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.(also འུར་ and ཡུར་) To smooth (Jä) CD. To rub, scrape DS. 1. To crush finely. 2. To smooth, level TC.དབུལ་དབུལ་LZ, DS, TC. དབུལད་LZ. དབུལ་ [DS], TC. དབུལ་LZ, [DS], TC. དབུལད་LZ. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Instr.] (Hackett 2003).འབྱོརད་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.1. To be bereft of wealth. 2. To have few or no good qualities &c. DS. To be destitute, bereft of wealth TC.དབེན་དབེན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. དབེནད་LZ, DK. དབེན་[DS], TC.དབེན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དབེན་LZ. དབེནད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Instr.] (Hackett 2003).འདུ་འཛི་སོགས་ལས་LZ.To become empty, to be empty, to be without DK. To lack, to have few DS. To be empty, to lack TC.(Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15) suggests that དབྱེན་ 'difference, schism, discord' derives from དབེན་ 'solitude, loneliness, separation' via palatalization.དབོག་དབོག་LZ. gives as the present འབོག་དབོལ་དབོལ་CD, DK. དབོལད་DK.དབོལ་DK.དབོལད་DK.To draw up water from a tank CD. To discharge water from a pond, to let out water through a hole of a pond, to pierce DK.དབོས་དབོས་DS. དབོས་[DS].དབོས་[DS].DS.To become larger in size DS. Compare འབོ་, ལྦོས་, and སྦོས་.དབྱིན་དབྱིན་CD. To incite, instigate, set on CD.དབྱུག་དབྱུག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དབྱུགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.དབྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དབྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བེར་ཀ་སོགས་LZ.To swing, brandish, throw, cast, fling (Jä) CD. To throw, to cast, to give up, to bend with a stick DK. To move back and forth something with an elongated shape DS. 1. To hurl, strike, jab. 2. To throw out, abandon TC. Compare གཡུག་.དབྱུང་དབྱུང་LZ. དབྱུང་LZ.དབྱུང་LZ.ཕྱུངས་LZ.དགེ་བའི་དབུགས་སོགས་LZ. Compare འབྱིན་ and ཕྱུང་.དབྱེ་དབྱེ་CD, DS. དབྱེ་[DS].དབྱེ་[DS].DS.To make distinctions, to differentiate CD. To separate into groups because of some ordinary characteristic DS. according to (Rdo. 46) the present of ཕྱེ་, according to (Jä) future of and in literary a secondary form of འབྱེད་CD.དབྱེན་དབྱེན་LZ. དབྱེནད་LZ.དབྱེན་LZ.དབྱེནད་LZ.སྡེ་རིས་སོགས་LZ.(Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15) suggests that དབྱེན་ 'difference, schism, discord' derives from དབེན་ 'solitude, loneliness, separation' via palatalization.དབྲུལ་དབྲུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261). gives as a causative of rul presumably he means to refer to འབྲུལ་.དབྲོག་དབྲོག་CD. To forget CD.དབྲོལ་དབྲོལ་LZ, ND, (DS), TC. འབྲལ་ DS. དབྲལད་LZ, NDB. དབྲལ་ NDA, TC. ཕྲལ་ DS.དབྲལ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.བྲོལད་LZ. དབྲོལད་ ND. ཕྲོལ་ DS. དབྲོལ་ TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. རལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff).པགས་པ་སོགས་LZ. དུམ་བུར་ ND.1. To individually divide. 2. To puncture, tear. 3. To sever a connection DS. To tear TC.འབགས་འབགས་LZ, NDB. འབག་ CD, DK, DS, TC. དབགས་LZ. འབགས་ CD, DK, DS, TC. སྦགས་ NDB. དབག་LZ, CD. དབགས་ NDB. འབག་ DK, DS, TC.དབོགས་LZ. འབགས་ DK. ཨྀ NDB, DS, TC.NDB, DS, TC.DS, TC.སྦག་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).དྲི་སྐྱོན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. སྐྱོན་ NDB.1. To defile, pollute one's self, to soil, make filthy. 2. (Central) To take away, to steal, rob CD. To be polluted, to be defiled, to become impure, to be defective DK. To mix with something else, to make unclear DS. 1. To be polluted, defiled. 2. To use up TC. Compare འཕོག་.འབང་1འབང་ DK, TC. བང་DS, TC.བངས་ DK, DS, TC.འབང་DK, TC. བང་DS, TC.འབོངས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. སྦོང་(Chang 1971: vii.3), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff).To get wet, to become wet, to be saturated, soak DK. For a thing to be soaked in a liquid and the inside of that thing to saturated with water DS. To become naturally wet TC.འབང་2འབང་CDའབངས་CD.To love, regard CD.འབད་འབད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འབད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འབོད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འབད་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རྦོད་(Chang 1971: vii.5)ཉམས་ལེན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ.1. To endeavor, to try, to exert one's self, make effort. 2. To cultivate, rear, take care of CD. To try, to endeavor DK. To strive for a goal with great effort of speech and body DS. To strive, exert effort TC.Compare འབུང་. CD.འབབ་1འབབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བབས་LZ, CD, DS. བབ་ CD, DK, TC.བབ་LZ. འབབ་DK, (dialect) DS, TC. དབབ་ DS.བབ་LZ. བབས་ DK. བོབས་ CD, DS. འབོབ་CD. འབོབས་ CD. ཨྀ TC.CD, DS. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འབེབས་CD.དུས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ.1. To move downward, to descend, to come down from, to alight, to fall down CD. To rain, to climb down DK. 1. To go, fall from a higher place to a lower. 2. To rain. 3. To become smaller, fewer. 4. To understand, rise in the mind. 5. To be agreeable, pleasant. 6. To be established, arise. 7. To take responsibility for establishing an action. 8. To obtain, arrive in hand DS. 1. To fall from high to low. 2. To arrive TC.འབབ་2འབབ་TC. བབ་TC.འབབ་TC.བོབ་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).To get off, dismount TC.འབའ་འབའ་CD, DS, TC. འབའ་[DS], TC.འབའ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.1. To bleat. 2. (in Sikkim) To bring, to carry. 3. (central) To commit adultery (Jä) CD. To make the sound of a sheep or goat DS. (for a sheep) To speak TC.onomato?Stic NWH.འབར་འབར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབརད་LZ, DK. འབར་[DS], TC.འབར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འབརད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྦོར་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.4); (Beyer 1992: 116); (Gyurme 1992: 261)དྲོད་སོགས་ LZ.1. To catch fire, to become ignited, to blaze. 2. (in reference to the passions) To glare, burn with wrath. 3. To burst forth into bloom, to blossom, to blare forth into fame, to become notorious CD. To blaze up, to catch fire, to increase DK. 1. For tongues of fire to raise from a burning thing. 2. For light to spread. 3. To spread, grow DS. 1. For tongues of fire to raise from a burning thing. 2. To spread. 3. To scold TC.འབལ་འབལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབལད་LZ, DK. བལ་ DS. འབལ་ TC.འབལ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. དབལ་ CD.འབོལད་LZ. འབལད་ DK. བོལ་ DS. འབོལ་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. འབལ་ 'wool' NWH.སྐྲ་སྤུ་སོགས་ LZ.1. To throw about, to pluck out the hair (used only with སྐྲ་). 2. To part, arrange the hair CD. To pluck out hair, to mingle, to loose DK. To pull from the root DS. To pluck, card TC.འབིག་འབིག་DK. བིག་DK.འབིག་DK.བིགས་DK.To be pierced, to be penetrated DK. Compare འབིགས་1འབིགས་1འབིགས་KYT, TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. འབུག་ (ND), (DS), (TC). འབུགས་(DS). འབིག་ (DS).ཕུག་KYT, TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. ཕུགས་ (ND). ཕིགས་ (DS).དབུག་KYT, TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC.ཕུགས་KYT, DS. ཕུག་ TD, LZ, ND, (DS), TC.KYT, TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). བུ་ག་ 'hole' NWH.མཚོན་སོགས་ཀྱི་TD. མཚོན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. ཁུང་ ND.To pierce a hole in something DS. To pierce TC.Compare འབིག་, འབིགས་2,འབུག་, and འབུགས་.འབིགས་2འབིགས་CD, DK. ཕིགས་CD. འཕིག་CD. འཕིགས་CD. ཕིག་ DK.དབིག་CD, DK.ཕིགས་CD, DK. ཕིག་ CD.CD.1. To pierce, pierce into, bore. 2. (in Central, vulgar) To lie with a woman CD. To pierce into, to hollow out DK. Compare འབིགས་1འབུ་འབུ་CD, DK, DS. འབུས་TC.འབུས་CD, DK, DS, TC.འབུ་DK, DS. འབུས་TC.འབུས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.འབུད་2(Laufer 1915: 62).(especially with ཁ་) To open, unfold (of flowers) (Jä) CD. To blossom, to open into flowers DK. To sprout from a seed into a seedling DS. To newly open up TC.འབུག་འབུག་DK. བུག་DK.འབུག་DK.བུགས་DK. སྤུག་(Gyurme 1992: 260).To be pierced, penetrated DK. To be turned upside down, reversed (Gyurme 1992: 260). Compare འབིགས་1འབུགས་འབུགས་CD, DK. ཕུག་CD, DK.དབུག་DK.ཕུགས་DK.To hollow out, bore, to pierce, sting, bite CD. To pierce into, to hollow out DK. Compare འབིགས་1འབུང་འབུངས་CD. འབུང་DK, DS, TC. འབུངས་DK, DS, TC.འབུང་DK, DS, TC.འབུངས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. སྦུང་༼྄༽ NWH.To concentrate one's force or energies CD. To try, to endeavor DK. To be eager, strive DS. To strive, be diligent TC. Compare འབད་CD.འབུད་1འབུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བུད་LZ. འབུད་ DK, DS, TC.བུད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS. TC. འཕུད་྅ཨམཔ བུད་(Duff). སྦུད་(Gyurme 1992: 260).གནས་དང་ཁྱིམ་སོགས་ལས་LZ.(perhaps limited to West) 1. To fall from, drop, fall down. 2. To fall off (of leaves), to fall through. 3. To go away, to leave, escape, to disappear, to be lost CD. To go out, to be exclusive DK. 1. To come out. 2. To reach, arrive at, ascend. 3. To be clear, obvious DS. Take out, draw out, expel TC.འབུད་2འབུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བུས་LZ, DS, TC. ཕུས་CD, DK.འབུད་LZ, DS, TC. དབུ་ CD. ཕུ་DK.བུས་LZ, DS, TC. ཕུ་CD. འཕུས་ DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD,DS, TC. CD.འབུ་(Laufer 1915: 62)དུང་དང་གླིང་བུ་སོགས་LZ.1. To blow (with the mouth). 2. To be blown (by the wind) CD. To blow with the mouth, blow with a blower, to blow a 1. To make a sound by blowing in the hollow of a conch &c. 2. To set a flame on the hearth DS. 1. To make [a sound with a conch]. 2. To set a fire TC.འབུད་3འབུད་CD, DK. ཕུད་CD, DK.དབུད་CD, DK.ཕུད་CD. འཕུད་ DK.CD.བུད་(Chang 1971: vii.6)1. To put off, pull off, take off (hat, coat, ring &c.). 2. (with accusative of person and place) To drive out, expel, cast out, chase away. 3. To pull out, tear out, uproot. 4. To take away, subtract from (Jä) CD. To take off, expel, to push out, push aside, to take forth from the rest DK. Compare འཕུད་, and འབུད་1འབུན་འབུན་CD. བུན་CD. To itch CD.འབུབ་འབུབ་CD, DK. བུབ་CD, DK.འབུབ་DK.བུབས་CD, DK. སྤུབ་(Chang 1971: vii.5), (Beyer 1992: 116). སྦུབ་ NWH. 1. To be turned over, upside down. 2. To be overthrown, destroyed, spoiled (with regard to meditation) (Mil.) (Jä) CD. To be reversed upside down DK.འབུབས་འབུབས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཕུབ་CD.ཕུབ་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕུབས་CD. ཕིབས་ND.དབུབ་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དབུབས་ ND.ཕུབས་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS. ཕུབ་ND, TC. ཕིབས་ NDB.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གདུགས་དང་གུར་སོགས་TD. གུར་དང་ཡང་ཐོག་སོགས་LZ. ཐོག་དང་གུར་(phub) ND. ཐོག་སོགས་ (phibs) ND.To put on a roof, something for a roof (Jä) ('bubs) CD. To set up, pitch ('phub) CD. To pitch DK. To put a cover on top of a house. 2. To stretch, fill DS. 1. [To erect, establish, put up]. 2. To cover TC. Compare འཕིབས་འབུར་འབུར་CD, DK, DS, TC. འབུརད་DK. འབུར་ [DS], TC.འབུར་DK, [DS], TC.འབུརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.1. To rise, to swell up, become prominent. 2. To spring up, come forth, bud, unfold CD. To rise, swell up, to come out a part, to come up one's head [sic] DK. To rise up higher than the level of an even surface DS. To naturally rise higher TC.འབུལ་འབུལ་KYT, KYN , TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དབུལ་LZ. ཕུལ་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དབུལ་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཕུལ་KYT, TD, CD, DS, TC. ཕུལད་ KYN , LZ, ND. འབུལད་ DK.KYT, KYN , TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མཆོད་པ་སོགས་ TD. མGཨལ་སོགས་LZ. མཆོད་པ་ND.(humble) To give, proffer, send CD. To offer, give, send a letter, a present &c. DK.འབུས་ འབུས་TC. gives as the present of 'buའབེབས་འབེབས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. འཕོབ་CD (Sch.). འཕེབས་ DK. འབེབ་ DS. ཕབ་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕེབས་KYN . ཕབས་(ND).དབབ་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཕོབ་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, DK, TC. ཕོབས་KYN, ND, DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འབབ་CD.བྱིན་དང་སྨ་སོགས་ TD. ལྷ་དང་ཆར་སོགས་ LZ. ཆར་དང་བརྟན་ལ་བྱིན་སོགས་ND.1. To cause to descend, cause to fall down. 2. To cast down, throw down. 3. To assign, settle, fix, lay down, establish CD. To bring down, cause to come down DK. 1. 2. To determine, ascertain. 3. To make lower, make fewer. 4. To calm down. 5. To make descend from a high place to a low place. 6. To make stay, remain. 7. (prefixed by the phrase ཆམ་ལ་) To humble, enervate DS. 1. To make come down. 2. To determine, ascertain TC.འབོ་1འབོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དབོས་LZ. ཕོ་ CD, DK, DS. ཕོས་ ND, TC.དབོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འབོ་LZ. ཕོས་ ND, TC. བོ་ DS.ND, DS, TCDS, TC.ཆུ་སོགས་ ND, LZ.1. To pour out, pour forth, spill out. 2. To swell up, to rise. 3. To sprout, shoot forth (of wild growing plants) CD. To pour out, to spill out DK. To throw liquid from a vessel DS. To throw out TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggests that འབྱོ་ derives from this verb via palatalization.འབོ་2བོ་CD. འབོ་DK. བོ་DK.འབོ་DK.བོ་DK.(Hoshi 2003).1. To expand as a bubble. 2. To overflow, fall out of a vessel on account of over-filling CD. To spill out, to fall out liquid, to overflow [sic] DK. (for a cup &c.) To spill (Hoshi 2003).འབོག་1འབོག་TC. འབོགས་TC.འབོག་TC.འབོགས་TCTC. TC.To cross, exceed TC.འབོག་2འབོགས་CD. འབོག་CD, DK, DS, TC. བོག་CD, DK, TC. འབོག་ [DS]དབོག་CD. འབོག་DK, [DS], TC.བོག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).1. To faint. 2. To grow loose, to come off, to drop of (leaves from a tree) (Jä) CD. To faint, to become unconscious, to become insane DK. To faint, be intoxicated DS. 1. To faint, fall unconscious. 2. To fall TC.འབོགས་འབོགས་TD, CD, DK, DS, TC. དབོག་LZ. འབོག་CD, ND, TC.ཕོག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དབོག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཕོག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, TC. དབོགས་ DK. ཕོགས་ DS.TD, CD, ND, DS, TCDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འཕོག་(Duff).གདམས་ངག་སོགས་TD. སྡོམ་པ་དང་གདམས་ངག་སོགས་LZ. སྡོམ་པ་སོགས་ND.1. To bestow, impart. 2. (in West) To be extracted, uprooted, pulled out, to be dislocated, unhinged. 3. To unload CD. 1. To put something at a place, put something on a place. 2. To give responsibility, give, bestow DK. 1. To take down an ornament, burden. 2. To lead another with good qualities or advice DS. 1. To give. 2. (archaic) To strive, exert TC.འབོད་འབོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བོད་LZ, ND, DK. འབོད་ DS, TC.བོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བོད་ (LZ).CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མིང་ནས་ LZ, ND. To call, to cry out, to invite CD. To call, to call out, to call by name, invite DK. To signal to summon hither DS. To summon another vocally, invite a guest TC.འབོན་འབོན་DK. gives as the present of བོན་འབོར་འབོར་CD, DK, DS, TC. བོར་CD, DK, DS, TC.བོར་DK, DS. འབོར་ TC.བོར་CD, TC. འབོརད་ DK. ཨྀ DS.CD, TC. DS.DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).1. To throw, cast, fling. 2. To leave, forsake CD. To throw away, to give up, to cast aside DK. 1. To lose something. 2. To throw away, be rid of. 3. To say, do DS. To abandon, throw out TC.འབྱང་འབྱོངས་LZ. འབྱང་CD, ND, DS, TC. འབྱོང་ CD. འབྱངས་ DK. བྱངས་LZ. བྱང་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འབྱང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བྱོངས་LZ. བྱང་ND. འབྱོངས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.སྦྱོང་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261)ལྟོ་ནད་སོགས་LZ. སྒྲིབ་པ་ ND.To clean CD. To be purified, to be cleaned, be washed, to be used to DK. 1. To purify. 2. To empty the stomach and intestines of digested food DS. 1. To purify, pacify. 2. To be wise, to concentrate. 3. To have diarrhea, defecate TC. Compare འབྱོང་2.འབྱབ་འབྱབ་DK. gives as the present of བྱབ་.འབྱམ་འབྱམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འབྱམས་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱམས་CD.འབྱམ་DK, DS, TC.བྱམས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.To flow over, to spread about CD. To be unlimited, to be limitless, to be with out end, to spread over DK. To spread larger, to pervade DS. 1. To increase, to pervade. 2. To last, continue, elapse TC.འབྱར་འབྱར་CD, DK, TC. give as the present of འབྱོར་1འབྱི་འབྱི་CD, DK, DS. བྱི་TC.བྱི་CD, DK, DS. ཕྱིས་ CD.འབྱི་DK, DS. བྱི་ TC.བྱི་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.ཕྱི་CD.1. To be wiped out, effaced. 2. To fall off (of the hair) (Jä) CD. To disappear one's hair by falling off [sic], to disappear or vanish, to be effaced, be wiped off DK. For hair to fall off of a creature's body DS. To come out (for head hair, body hair &c) TC.འབྱིང་འབྱིང་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱིང་ND. བྱིང་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྤྱིང་ND.འབྱིང་ND, DK, DS, TC.ཨྀND, DS, TC. འབྱིངས་ DK.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྤྱིང་CD, (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 260)ཆུ་ལ་ND.1. To sink in, to sink down. 2. To grow faint, languid, remiss CD. To sink down, to go down under the surface of water, to be merged DK. To sink into mud and water DS. 1. To sink. 2. To be soiled, unclean TC.འབྱིད་1འབྱིད་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱིད་ ND, (DS). ཕྱིད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བྱིད་CD.འབྱིད་ND, DS, TC. ཕྱིད་ DK.ཕྱིད་ND, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.ND. DS, TC.DS, TC.མི་ཚེ་ ND.[To suffice, be enough] CD. To suffice for living, to live, to be accomplished in one's life DK. To have an accomplished life DS. To be sufficient, complete TC.འབྱིད་2འབྱིད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཕྱིད་CD.ཕྱིས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དབྱི་LZ, [CD], ND, DK, DS, TC. བྱི་(DS). འབྱི་(TC).ཕྱིས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཕྱི་(Gyurme 1992: 261).སྐྲ་དང་རི་མོ་སོགས་LZ. རྡུལ་དང་རི་མོ་སོགས་ ND. To wipe off, remove, efface CD. To wipe off, to erase, scrap out DK. To purify the smell of something by rubbing and scraping. 2. To erase (a drawing, or writing) DS. To purify, erase purposely TC.འབྱིད་3འབྱིད་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱིད་CD, DK, TC. ཕྱིད་ CD. འབྱིད་ [DS]. འབྱིད་DK, [DS], TC.འབྱིད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.To glide, slip, disappear, to slip away CD. To slip off, to miss one's footing DK. To slip, slide, loose footing DS. 1. To become naturally purified or erased. 2. For vision or the control of limbs to fail. 3. To slip, slide TC.འབྱིན་འབྱིན་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱུང་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱུངས་ ND.དབྱུང་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཕྱུངས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS. ཕྱུང་ CD, TC.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འབྱུང་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.2), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178), (Bielmeier 1988: 20). དབུགས་སོགས་TD. འབྱུང་ཁོངས་སོགས་ལས་LZ. དྲུང་དང་མུན་ ND.1. To take out, to remove, cause to come forth, to draw out, pull out (a thorn &c.). 2. To let proceed, to send forth, to emit, to sound forth, to release CD. 1. To take out from within. 2. To drive out, expel. 3. To take from a obscure place to an apparent place. 4. To originate from DS. To take out TC. Compare དབྱུང་.འབྱིབ་འབྱིབ་DK, (DS). give as the present of བྱིབ་.འབྱིལ་འབྱིལད་DK. འབྱིལ་ DS, TC. བྱིལ་DK, DS, TC.འབྱིལ་DK, DS, TC.བྱིལད་DK. ཨྀ DS. བྱིལ་TC.DS.TC.DS. TC.To bring down loosely, to fall into parts, fall into pieces DK. To slip, slide, and fall down DS. 1. To spread, smear, anoint. 2. To stroke TC (Duff).འབྱུག་བྱུག་LZ, CD, ND. འབྱུག་ CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འབྱུག་ ND.བྱུག་LZ. བྱུགས་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དྲི་མར་སོགས་ LZ. བྱུག་པ་ND. 1. To wet, moisten, smear, spread over, anoint, apply a salve. 2. To stroke, pat CD. To anoint, to apply DK. 1. To rub with unguent. 2. To touch DS. To rub, smear, apply TC.འབྱུང་འབྱུང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱུང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འབྱུང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འབྱུང་LZ. བྱུང་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འབྱིན་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.2), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178), (Bielmeier 1988: 20).བརྟེན་ས་སོགས་ནས་LZ.1. To come forth, arise, spring up, to emerge, to appear CD. To exist, be, come out, appear DK. 1. To exist, change. 2. To take out. 3. To be born. 4. To come out, emerge DS. To obtain, exist, be born, descend TC.འབྱེ་འབྱེ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱེ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱེ་ CD.འབྱེ་DK, DS, TC.བྱེ་CD. འབྱེས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འབྱེད་CD, (Laufer 1915: 62), (Chang 1971: vii.2), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178).1. To open. 2. To divide, separate, resolve CD. To be opened, to blossom DK. To break an adherence, connection DS. To become differentiated, separated, open TC.འབྱེད་འབྱེད་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱེ་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱེས་CD, ND. ཕྱེད་CD, ND.དབྱེ་KYT, KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཕྱེ་KYT, KYNZ, TD, CD, DS. བྱེ་ KYNCW. ཕྱེས་LZ, CD, ND, (DK), TC. ཕྱེད་CD, ND. KYT, KYN , TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འབྱེ་CD, (Laufer 1915: 62), (Chang 1971: vii.2), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178).སྒོ་སོགས་ TD. མཛོད་སྒོ་སོགས་ LZ. བྱེ་བྲག་དབྱེ་བ་(phyed) ND. སྒོ་དང་ཞལ་ (phyes) ND.1. To open, to place apart, to unloose. 2. (in West) To separate, to keep asunder, to disentangle CD. To separate, to distinguish, to keep apart, open DK. To open (a door &c.) DS. 1. To separate, split. 2. To undo, release TC.འབྱེར་འབྱེར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱེརད་LZ. བྱེར་ CD, DK, DS, TC.བྱེར་LZ. འབྱེར་DK, DS, TC.བྱེར་LZ, TC. བྱེརད་DK. ཨྀ DS.DS.TC.DS, TC.འདྲེ་གདོན་སོགས་ LZ.To escape by flight, to flee in different directions CD. To run away, to disperse, to spread over, to ruin, to decay DK. 1. To flee. 2. To spread, pervade DS. 1. To flee, disperse. 2. To become widespread TC.འབྱེས་འབྱེས་DS. འབྱེས་[DS].འབྱེས་[DS].DS.(archaic) To clarify a boundary DS.འབྱོ་འབྱོ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཕྱོ་CD. ཕྱོས་CD. བྱོས་DK, TC. བྱོ་ DS.བྱོ་[CD], DK, TC. འབྱོ་DS.བྱོ་CD, DS. བྱོས་CD, TC. འབྱོས་DK.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.To pour out, to pour into another vessel (Situ 85) CD. To pour out, to spill out DK. To pour (water &c.) from high to low. 2. Similar to 'to pour' (e.g. rain) DS. To transfer, pour from one vessel to another TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggests that this verb is derived from འབོ་ via palatalization.འབྱོག་འབྱོག་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འབྱོགས་LZ, DK, DS. བྱོགས་CD.འབྱོག་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བྱོགས་LZ. འབྱོགས་ DK, TC.TC.TC.ལྕེས་ LZ.To lick CD, DK, DS, TC.འབྱོང་1འབྱོངས་LZ. འབྱོང་CD, DS, TC. འབྱངས་LZ. འབྱོངས་DS, TC.སྦྱང་LZ. འབྱོང་ DS, TC.འབྱོངས་LZ. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.བློ་སེམས་སོགས་LZ.To be skilled, well-versed, be full of CD. To gain experience through training DS. To reach completion, to be talented by training TC.འབྱོང་2འབྱོང་TC. འབྱོངས་ TC.འབྱོང་TC.ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.To have diarrhea and stomach illness TC. Compare འབྱང་.འབྱོང་3འབྱོང་DS. འབྱངས་DS.འབྱོང་DS.འབྱོང་DS.DS.DS.To drink a beverage in large gulps DS.འབྱོང་འབྱོང་CD gives as the present of འབྱང་འབྱོངས་འབྱོངས་LZ gives as the present of འབྱང་འབྱོན་1འབྱོན་CD, DS, TC. སྤྱོན་ND. འབྱོནད་ DK. བྱོན་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱོནད་ ND.འབྱོན་ND, DK, DS, TC.བྱོན་CD, DS, TC. སྤྱོནད་ND. བྱོནད་DK.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སྤྱོན་[CD].ཚུར་ལ་ND.(honorific) To come, arrive, go, proceed, set out CD. To go, come DK. (honorific) To arrive DS. To arrive, arise TC.འབྱོན་2འབྱོན་LZ, DK. བྱོནད་LZ. འབྱོནད་DK.བྱོན་LZ. འབྱོན་DK.སྦྱོནད་LZ. བྱོན་(LZ). འབྱོནད་ DK.ཡེ་ཤེས་པ་དང་ཚོགས་ཞིང་རྣམས་LZ.To be able, to be capable, to be skillful DK.འབྱོར་1འབྱོར་LZ, CD, DS. འབྱར་CD, DK, TC.འབྱརད་LZ, DK. འབྱར་ DS, TC. འབྱར་LZ, DK, TC. འབྱོར་ DS.འབྱོརད་LZ. འབྱརད་DK.ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). སྦྱོར་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.1), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261)སྤྱིན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.1. To stick, adhere to, to take, contract (of diseases). 2. To be prepared, be ready, to have at hand, to prepare, make ready. 3. To agree, acquiesce, consent CD. To be attached, to be fastened DK. 1. For things to mutually meet, and become difficult to separate. 2. To hold each other DS. To be mutually connected TC.འབྱོར་2འབྱོར་CD, DK, DS, TC. འབྱོརད་ DK. འབྱོར་[DS],TC.འབྱོར་DK, [DS], TC འབྱོརད་DK ཨྀTC.TC,(Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. (honorific) To come, to arrive, to be received CD. To arrive, to receive, to reach DK. 1. To receive, get. 2. To arrive DS. 1. To arrive, receive. 2. To descend, fall TC.འབྱོལ་འབྱོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབྱོལད་LZ. བྱོལ་CD.བྱོལད་LZ, DK. བྱོལ་CD, DS, TC.བྱོལ་LZ, DK, DS. འབྱོལ་LZ, TC. དབྱོལ་CD.བྱོལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བྱོལད་LZ. འབྱོལད་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.གཞན་དང་ལས་སོགས་('byol) LZ. གཏམ་ངན་དོན་ངན་སོགས་ལས་('byold) LZ.To mistake, blunder, err, go astray (byol) CD. To give way, to make way ('byol) CD. To step aside, to avoid, to escape from DK. To avoid touching, avoid encountering DS. To avoid, shun, flee TC.འབྲ་འབྲ་DS. བྲེས་DS.འབྲ་DS.བྲེས་DS.DS.DS.To thread rope on the saddle of cattle DS.འབྲང་འབྲང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབྲེང་ ND. འབྲོང་(DS).འབྲངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འབྲང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འབྲོངས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབྲོང་ CD.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྗེས་སུ་ LZ, ND.1. (with a pleonastic རྗེས་སུ་ or མཇུག་ often prefixed) To follow, to go after. 2. To bring forth, give birth to CD. To follow, to go after DK. 1. To go after. 2. To discard one's own previous viewpoint and aims to accept the viewpoint and aims of another DS. To go after, follow, pursue TC.འབྲད་'brad CD, DK, DS, TC. give as the present of འདྲད་འབྲན་འབྲན་DS. gives as the present of བྲན་འབྲབ་བྲབ་LZ. འབྲབ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བྲབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བྲབ་CD.དབྲབ་[CD], (DS). བྲབ་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.བྲོབ་LZ. བྲབ་DK. ཕྲོབས་ DS. བྲོབས་TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.རྫས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.1. To catch at suddenly, to snatch away. 2. To beat, to scourge. 3. To throw out, scatter (Jä) ('brab) CD. To flog with whip and nettle (dbrab) CD. To hit, to beat DK. To flog, strike with something flexible and thin (like a whip &c.) DS. To beat, strike, hit TC.འབྲལ་འབྲལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འབྲལད་ DK.བྲལད་LZ. བྲལ་ CD, DK, DS, TC.བྲལ་LZ, DS. འབྲལ་ DK, TC.བྲལད་LZ, DK. བྲལ་ DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). འཕྲལ་CD (Jä), (Chang 1971: vii.2), (Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff).སོ་སོར་ LZ.To be separated from, disconnected CD. To part, to be separate DK. 1. To divide, separate. 2. To lack, not exist DS. To separate, scatter individually. 2. To purify, be rid of TC.འབྲལ་2འབྲལ་KYN, LZ, DS. give as the present of འཕྲལ་འབྲི་1འདྲི་(see note) [CD], (TC). འབྲི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བྲི་ ND, བྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བྲི་LZ, ND, DS, TC. འབྲི་ ND.རིས་(see note). བྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. ཕྲིས་DS.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཡི་གེ་དང་རི་མོ་སོགས་LZ. ཡི་གེ་ལྷ་སོགས་ ND.To write, draw, note down CD. To write, to do painting, to draw, to note down, to register DK. [To write and draw] letter and drawing DS. To arrange, lay out (e.g. letters, drawings) TC.The present འདྲི་ and imperative རིས་ are exclusively found in older documents cf. (Hill, forthcomming) in addition (Beyer 1992: 73) suggests a comparison with ri mo 'drawing.'འབྲི་2འབྲི་CD, DK, TC. བྲི་DS.བྲི་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འབྲི་DK, TC. བྲི་[DS].བྲི་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འཕྲི་(Chang 1971: vii.3).To diminish, grow less CD. To go down, decline, diminish DK. To become smaller, fewer DS. To fade, wane, deteriorate TC.འབྲི་3འབྲི་LZ. ཕྲིས་LZ.བྲི་LZ.ཕྲི་LZ.བསོད་ནམས་སོགས་རིམ་གྱིས་ LZ.perhaps to be referred to འཕྲི་.འབྲིད་འབྲིད་CD. To caress CD.འབྲིད་2འབྲིད་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, (TC). give as the present of འདྲིད་.འབྲིད་3འབྲིད་ND, DS, TC give as the present of འཕྲི་འབྲིམ་འབྲིམས་LZ. འདྲིམ་[LZ]. འབྲིམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲིམ་CD (sometimes). བྲིམ་ND.བྲིམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འབྲིམ་LZ, ND. བྲིམ་ DK, DS, TC.བྲིམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. རིམ་(?) 'stage, level' NWH.རྫས་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. འཁྲུ་དང་ཟས་སོགས་ ND.To distribute, deal out, hand round CD. To give food, to give, to bring DK. To divide and distribute DS. To give, provide TC.འབྲུ་འབྲུ་ CD, DK, DS, TC. give as the present of འདྲུ་.འབྲུད་འབྲུད་CD, DK. བྲུད་DK.བྲུད་DK.འབྲུད་DK.1. To rub. 2. To fill up CD. 1. To drag. 2. To rub, scrape DK. Compare འདྲུད་.འབྲུད་2འབྲུད་(LZ), (DS), TC. give as the present of འདྲུ་.འབྲུབ་1འབྲུབ་LZ, DS, TC. བྲུབ་ ND. འབྲུབས་ DK. བྲུབས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བྲུབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འབྲུབ་ND.བྲུབ་LZ. བྲུབས་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཁུང་བ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. དོང་ནང་ND.To put in a hole, to detain in a hole, to make impossible of being free [sic] DK. (archaic) To put in prison, put in a hole DS. 1. To hide. 2. (archaic) To guard, take charge of TC.འབྲུབ་2འབྲུབ་CD, DK, TC. བྲུབ་DS.བྲུབ་[DS]. བྲུབས་DK, TC.འབྲུབ་DK, TC. བྲུབ་ [DS].བྲུབས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.(generally with ཆུ་) To overflow, gush forth CD. To be increased, to become larger DK. For water to suddenly rise DS. To spread, rise, increase TC.འབྲུལ་འབྲུལ་LZ, DK, (DS), TC. བྲུལ་DS. དབྲུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261).བྲུལད་LZ. བྲུལ་DK, [DS], TC. འབྲུལ་[(DS)].བྲུལ་LZ, [DS]. འབྲུལ་ DK, [(DS)], TC.བྲུལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.རུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261).ལོ་འདབ་སོགས་LZ.To fall apart, to come off into pieces, to be shed DK. To break to pieces DS. To fall, drop TC. Compare འདྲུལ་, སྲུལ་.འབྲེ་འབྲེ་CD, DK. བྲེས་CD, DK.བྲེ་DK.འབྲེས་DK.To screen off, to spread over, to envelop CD. To spread, to pitch up, to screen off DK.འབྲེག་འབྲེག་(LZ), CD, DK, DS, TC. give as the present of འདྲེག་འབྲེང་འབྲེང་ND. gives as the present of འབྲང་འབྲེད་འབྲེད་DK. བྲེད་DK.འབྲེད་DK.བྲེད་DK.To be afraid of, to be frightened, to be alarmed DK.འབྲེལ་འབྲེལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འབྲེལད་LZ, DK. འབྲེལ་[DS], TC.འབྲེལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འབྲེལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Hackett 2003). སྦྲེལ་(Chang 1971: vii.1), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261)ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སོགས་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པར་ LZ.To adhere together, to combine, to become connected, to meet together CD. To be connected, to be related, to be combined, to be united DK. To be mutually connected, mutually dependent DS, TC.འབྲོང་འབྲོང་LZ, CD. འབྲོངས་LZ.འབྲོང་LZ.བྲོངས་LZ.མཛའ་གྲོགས་སོགས་དང་LZ.(archaic) To attend, wait upon, serve CD. Compare (Takeuchi 1995: 315), this verb is likely connected to འབྲང་.འབྲོང་འབྲོང་(DS). gives as a present of འབྲང་འབྲོས་འབྲོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བྲོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འབྲོས་CD. འབྲོ་LZ, DS. འབྲོས་CD, ND, DK, TC. བྲོས་LZ, ND, DK, (DS), TC. ཕྲོས་DS.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྲག་པས་གཞན་དུ་LZ. ཕར་ལ་ ND.To run away, to escape CD,DK. To go to another place, run away in order to avoid harm DS. To run in a way to avoid meeting [something undesirable] TC.རྦོད་རྦོད་LZ, DS, TC. རྦད་CD, DK. རྦད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྦད་LZ, DK, TC. རྦོད་ DS.རྦོད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ཨྀ DS.CD, TC.DS.DS, TC.འབད་(Chang 1971: vii.5).ལྟས་ངན་རྫས་འཕྲུལ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.To set on, incite CD. To order a dog to chase, to let out, to send, to instigate DK. To goad, instigate forcefully DS. To send, goad, instigate TC.ལྦོས་ལྦོས་DS. ལྦོས་[DS].ལྦོས་[DS].DS.For something to suddenly increase in volume DS.Compare འབོ་.སྦག་སྦག་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྦགས་CD, DK, DS, TC.སྦག་DK, DS, TC.སྦོགས་CD, DS, TC. སྦགས་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC. འབགས་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).To saturate, stain, defile, pollute CD. To cause to defile, cause to stain, to cause to be defective, to make impure DK. 1. To defile with something unclean. 2. To apply (a medicinal substance &c.) onto (a seed of grain &c.) DS. To taint, stain, defile TC. Compare འཕོག་.སྦམ་སྦམ་CD, DK. give as the present of སྦོམ་སྦར་སྦར་DS. སྦར་DS.སྦར་DS.སྦོར་DS.DS.DS.To hold another's palm DS.སྦལ་སྦལ་DS. སྦལ་[DS].སྦལ་[DS].DS.(in some dialects) To bark DS.སྦིར་སྦིར་DK, DS. སྦིརད་DK. སྦིར་[DS].སྦིར་DK, [DS].སྦིརད་DK.DS.1. To be confused. 2. To be shaken. 3. To spread rumor DK. To announce, speak widely (a secret &c.) DS.སྦུང་སྦུང་DK, DS. སྦུངས་DK, DS.སྦུང་DK, DS.སྦུངས་DK, DS.DS.DS. འབུང་༼྄༽ NWH.To cause to endeavor, to cause to try CD. To be eager, strive DS.སྦུད་སྦུད་DK. སྦུད་DK.སྦུད་DK.སྦུད་DK. འབུད་(Gyurme 1992: 260)To blow with a skin blower, to blow DK. To expel, send out (Gyurme 1992: 260).སྦུབ་སྦུབ་DS, TC. སྦུབས་DS, TC.སྦུབ་DS, TC.སྦུབས་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. འབུབ་NWH.To place the mouth of a vessel on the ground DS. To turn the mouth of a vessel downward, place the mouth of a vessel on the ground TC.སྦེ་སྦེ་CD, DK. སྦེས་DK.སྦེ་DK.སྦེས་DK.To scuffle, wrestle CD. To wrestle, scuffle DK.སྦེང་སྦེང་LZ. gives as the present of སྦོང་སྦེད་སྦེད་LZ, CD, ND, (DK), DS, TC. སྦ་ CD, DK. སྦས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦོས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. སྦས་ DK.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོན་སོགས་LZ, ND.To hide, conceal, cover CD. To hide, to keep a secret DK. To make a person or thing unable to be seen by another DS. To hide, obscure TC.སྦོ་སྦོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS. སྦོས་[CD], TC. རྦོ་ (DS).སྦོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྦོས་(DS).སྦོ་LZ, DK, DS. རྦོ་(DS). སྦོས་TC.སྦོས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གསུས་པ་སོགས་LZ.To swell up, to distend CD. To swell up DK. For the stomach or intestines of men or animals to grow large by filling with air DS. 1. To swell up, bulge. 2. To be ignorant, dull TC. Compare ལྦོས་, འབོ་, and དབོ་.སྦོང་སྦེང་LZ. སྦོང་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦང་ (DK). སྦངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦེངས་LZ. སྦོངས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. འབང་(Chang 1971: vii.3), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261).ཆུ་དང་ཆར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. ཆུ་ལ་ND.1. To steep in water, to soak, to drench (Jä). 2. To abstain from CD. To wet, to make damp, to moisten DK. To wet something with water DS. [To soak, steep] in water TC.སྦོན་སྦོན་CD, DK, TC. སྦོནད་DK.སྦོན་DK.སྦོནད་DK.(archaic) To eat CD, TC. To eat DK.སྦོམ་སྦོམ་ LZ, ND, DS, TC. སྦམ་CD, DK. སྦམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦོམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). རྩྭ་དང་སྤོས་སོགས་LZ. གཅིག་ཏུ་ND.To place together, to collect CD, DK. To gather into a bundle DS. 1. To bind. 2. To draw together. 3. To mix TC.སྦོར་སྦོར་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦར་ (CD), DS.སྦར་CD, DS, TC. སྦརད་ ND, DK.སྦར་ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦོརད་ND, DK. སྦོར་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འབར་ CD, (Chang 1971: vii.4); (Beyer 1992: 116); (Gyurme 1992: 261)མེ་སོགས་ND.1. To light, kindle, inflame. 2. To transfer, transfuse CD. To catch fire, to blaze, to be increased, to be enlarged DK. To set fire to flammable substances DS. To burn, set on fire TC.སྦོལ་སྦོལ་TC. སྦོལ་TC.སྦོལ་TC.སྦོལ་TCTC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.1. (dialect) To move, shake. 2. To plough, till TC.སྦོས་སྦོས་[CD], TC. give as the present of སྦོ་.སྦྱག་སྦྱག་DS. སྦྱག་[DS].སྦྱག་[DS].DS.(archaic) To be weak, emaciated DS.སྦྱིག་སྦྱིག་DS, TC. སྦྱིག་[DS].སྦྱིག་[DS].DS.To tie, knot CD. For female livestock to reach the time of breeding, go into heat DS. 1. (dialect) To slip. 2. (for female livestock) To go into heat. 3. (archaic) To press clothes TC.སྦྱིན་སྦྱིན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བྱིནད་LZ. བྱིན་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྦྱིན་(DK).སྦྱིན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བྱིནད་LZ, DK. བྱིན་ CD DS, TC. སྦྱིན་(DK).CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཟས་གོས་སོགས་LZ. 1. To give, bestow, make a present of. 2. To add, to sum up CD. To give, contribute, to give something as charity, to give some charitable help DK. 1. To give, offer. 2. To feed, give to eat. 3. To make an opportunity DS. 1. To give, offer. 2. To add, supplement TC.སྦྱོང་སྦྱོང་KYT, KYN , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦྱངས་KYT, KYN , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦྱང་CD.སྦྱང་KYT, KYN , LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦྱོངས་KYT, KYN , LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN , ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hackett 2003).འབྱང་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261)ལས་སྒྲིབ་སོགས་LZ. བསླབ་བྱ་དང་སྒྲིབ་པ་ND.1. To clean, remove by cleaning, clear away. 2. To take away, subtract. 3. To exercise to train CD. To purify, to give up, to leave, to study DK. 1. To practice or study a skill again and again in order to obtain ability. 2. To clear away, purify. 3. To take (e.g. iron) from stone by melting with fire DS. 1. To study. 2. To purify, rid of defects. 3. To defecate, have diarrhea. 4. To give, send. 5. To subtract, remove TC.སྦྱོར་སྦྱོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦྱརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྦྱར་CD, DS, TC.སྦྱར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦྱོར་LZ, DS, TC. སྦྱོརད་ ND, DK.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hackett 2003).[Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). འབྱོར་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.1); (Beyer 1992: 116); (Gyurme 1992: 261)བརྩམ་ཆོས་དང་ཐལ་མོ་སོས་LZ. བག་སྤྱིན་གྱིས་ ND.1. To affix, paste, fasten together, put close to, apply. 2. To prepare, get ready, adjust, accommodate one's self to CD. To attach, to paste, to combine, practices, to make food, prepare food DK. 1. To make adhere, make stick together (with glue &c.) a break, gap in something. 2. To hook together. 3. To connect, match. 4. To be near to, to match. 5. To show, teach, say. 6. To introduce. 7. To give, establish DS. 1. To link together, put together. 2. To actually practice, engage in. 3. To meditate. 4. To couple, copulate TC.སྦྲག་སྦྲག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. སྦྲགས་ DS. སྦྲགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, [DS], TC.སྦྲག་LZ, ND, DK, TC. སྦྲགས་ [DS].སྦྲག་LZ. སྦྲོགས་ ND, (DS), TC. ཨྀ ND. སྦྲགས་ DK.ND, TC. ND.DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003).དུ་མ་ལྷན་དུ་LZ. ལྷན་དུ་ND.To lay, put a thing over another, or by the side of another CD. To attach, to put together DK. To arrange together, match DS. 1. To link together. 2. To give TC.སྦྲིད་སྦྲིད་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྦྲིད་DK, [DS], TC.སྦྲིད་DK, [DS], TC.སྦྲིད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.1. To sneeze. 2. To become numb, torpid CD. To feel numbness, to be unable to walk because of numbness, to sneeze DK. 1. For the sense of feeling to become unclear in a part of the body. 2. To sneeze when something is felt to come inside the nose DS. For feeling to deteriorate (by a nervous disease &c.) TC.སྦྲིབ་སྦྲིབ་DK. སྦྲིབས་DS, TC.སྦྲིབས་DK.སྦྲིབ་DK.སྦྲིབས་DK.To feel hungry, to be hungry DK. To be hungry DS, TC.སྦྲུ་སྦྲུ་LZ, ND, TC. སྦྲུད་CD, DK, DS. སྦྲུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦྲུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦྲུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.CD, ND, DS, TC.TC.DS, TC. འབྲུ་'grain' (?) NWH.ཟན་སོགས་LZ, ND.1. To stir with one's hand, to poke up (fire). 2. To knead CD. To wash in water, to mix thoroughly, to knead, to rub in order to clean the husk of grain, to clean DK. To wet (grain or something similar) with liquid DS. To knead TC.སྦྲུམ་སྦྲུམ་DK, DS, TC. སྦྲུམས་DK. སྦྲུམ་[DS], TC.སྦྲུམ་DK, [DS], TC.སྦྲུམས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. རུམ་'womb' (Beyer 1992: 73).To become pregnant, conceive DK. For a child to develop in a woman's womb DS. To develop in a womb TC.(Beyer 1992: 73) suggests sbrum < s-b-rum. It seems equally likely that rum 'womb' < *brum similar to how (Hahn 1973: 440) suggests ro 'taste' < *broསྦྲེ་སྦྲེ་DK. སྦྲེས་DK.སྦྲེ་DK.སྦྲེས་DK.To become cold, to freeze DK.སྦྲེག་སྦྲེག་DK. སྦྲེགས་DK.སྦྲེག་DK.སྦྲེགས་DK.To become cold, to freeze DK.སྦྲེང་སྦྲེང་LZ, CD, DK, TC. སྦྲེངས་LZ, CD, DK, TC.སྦྲེང་LZ, DK, TC.སྦྲེངས་LZ, DK, TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).TC.གྲལ་རིམ་གྱིས་LZ.To rattle, make shake, vibrate, to play an instrument (Jä) CD. To pull, to pull the string of an arrow DK. 1. To make a sound by plucking the string of a stringed instrument. 2. To pour down water from a thin tube or small hole DS. 1. To organize, arrange. 2. To draw, pull. 3. To raise, hoist, brandish TC.སྦྲེབ་སྦྲེབ་LZ, DK. སྦྲེབས་TC.སྦྲེབས་LZ, DK.སྦྲེབ་LZ, DK.སྦྲེབས་LZ, DK.ལུས་སོགས་ LZ.To become cold, to freeze DK. (archaic) 1. To be thin, dry. 2. To be cold. 3. To be hungry TC.སྦྲེལ་སྦྲེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦྲེལད་LZ, ND, DK, DS. སྦྲེལ་TC.སྦྲེལ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦྲེལ་LZ, TC. སྦྲེལད་ND, DK, DS. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). འབྲེལ་(Chang 1971: vii.1), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 261)ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. ཟུང་ངམ་ཐག་པས་(sbreld) ND. གཉིས་(-) ND. To stitch together (paper), to sew on, to fasten on, to bind together, to attach CD. To attach, to put together, to tie together DK. To join together, link DS. To link, to hold together head and tail, connect, put together TC.སྦྲོན་སྦྲོན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྦྲནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྦྲན་ CD, DS, TC.སྦྲན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྦྲོནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྦྲོན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. ར་མདའ་སོགས་LZ. ར་མདའ་ND.1. To summon, call, announce to. 2. To sprinkle, to squirt upon CD. To call, to call a friend, to inform, warn DK. 1. To signal, imply, hint. 2. To call, summon DS. To call, summon TC.
མ་མང་ མང་CD. མངས་CD.(Hoshi 2003). To be much, to increase, to become more, many CD. a verbal use of the adjective མང་པོ་ 'many'མལ་ མལ་DK. མལད་DK. མལ་DK.མལད་DK.མལ་ 'bed' NWH. To sleep DK.མིད་ མིད་CD, DK, DS, TC. མྱིད་ DK, DS (dialect, archaic), TC (archaic). མིད་DK, [DS], TC. མྱིད་ DK, [DS] (dialect, archaic). མིད་DK, [DS], TC. མྱིད་ DK, [DS] (dialect, archaic).མིད་DK, TC མྱིད་ DK.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 300). To swallow, gulp down, devour CD. To swallow, gulp down, to swallow saliva DK. After eating something, to have it pass through the gullet into the stomach DS. Having lowered to the throat, to [swallow] into the stomach TC.མིན་ མིན་CD, DK. མིནད་DK. མིན་DK.མིནད་DK. མིན་DS, [TC]. མྱིན་[TC].[Abs. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). Is not CD. Not to be DK. (an abbreviation for ma yin) Is not DS, TC.མུག་ མུག་CD, DS, TC. མུག་[DS]. མུག་[DS].DS, TC.མུ་གེ་ 'famine' NWH. (with ཡིད་ or ཐུགས་) To despair CD. 1. To be hungry, out of food. 2. To believe, trust DS. To be helpless, unable TC.མུར་མུར་CD, (DS), TC. give as the present of དམུར་མུལ་ མུལ་DK. མུལད་DK. མུལ་DK.མུལད་DK. To beg food, to wander, go around DK.མེད་1 མེད་CD, DK. མེད་DK. མེད་DK.མེད་DK. མེད་DS, TC. མྱེད་TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be not, not to be, to be without not to have, to be non-existent CD. To be without existence or possession DK. To not remain, to become destroyed DS. (the opposite of ཡོད་) [To not exist] TC.མེད་2 མེད་(Hackett 2003). མེད་(Hackett 2003). མེད་(Hackett 2003). [Abs. Instr.] (Hackett 2003). To lack (Hackett 2003).མེད་3 མེད་(Hackett 2003). མེད་(Hackett 2003). མེད་(Hackett 203). [Obl. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To be without, to not have (Hackett 2003).མེར་ མེར་DK, TC. མེརད་DK. མེར་ TC. མེར་DK, TC.མེརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS. To brim, overflow DK. 1. To overflow, brim over. 2. To soften, become flexible TC.མོག་ མོག་DK. མོགས་DK. མོག་DK.མོགས་DK. To become darkish, faded color DK.མོད་ མོད་CD, DS, TC. (sometimes superadded to yod or used alone, sometimes with other verbs) To be, to be indeed CD. (suffixed to past tense verbs, auxiliary verbs, and adjectives) A term equivalent to 'however' 'still' DS. Not to accord with TC.མོལ་ མོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མོལད་LZ, DK. མོལ་ [DS], TC. མོལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མོལད་LZ, DK. མོལ་ TC.TC.DS, TC.གཏམ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To converse, confer upon. 2. To say, to speak CD. To speak, converse DK. 1. To give advice, speak. 2. To confer, discuss DS. To narrate, confer, discuss TC.མོས་ མོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མོས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. མོས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མོས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱབས་གནས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To be pleased, to be pleased with, to crave for, to be inclined to. 2. To respect, to esteem, to venerate, to adore CD. To be delightful, to be pleased, to be agreeable DK. 1. To be happy, delighted. 2. To remember, to think. 3. To trust, to believe DS. To trust, believe, be inclined to TC.མྱག་ མྱག་CD, DK, TC. མྱགས་ DS. མྱགས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. མྱག་DK, TC. མྱགས་ [DS].མྱགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS (def. 2), TC.DS (def. 1). 1. To chew (Sch.). 2. To cause putrefaction CD. To become rotten, to be putrefied DK. 1. For foods which have been exposed to the power of human or animal stomach acid to become a paste, liquid. 2. To rot, and become similar to mud DS. To rot, decompose TC.མྱིད་མྱིད་DK, (DS), (TC). give as the present of མིད་མྱུག་ མྱུག་CD, DS, TC. དམུག་ CD, DK. མྱུགས་DK, TC. མྱུག་DK, TC.དམྱུགས་DK. མྱུགས་TC.TC.DS.TC. 1. To slightly bend the head. 2. To show ostentatiously, to boast about (Cs.) (myug) CD. To show (dmyug) CD. To bend down one's head DK. To bend, wobble DS. 1. To poke out the head. 2. To move back and forth, shake TC. Compare དམྱུག་1-3མྱུར་ མྱུར་CD. To hurry by, pass on swiftly CD.མྱུལ་1 མྱུལ་CD, ND, TC. མྱུལད་ND. མྱུལ་ TC. མྱུལ་ND, TC.ཨྀND, TC.TC.DS, TC.ཡུལ་མང་ ND. To roam about CD. To roam about DK. To move, roam, wander TC.མྱུལ་2 མྱུལ་ND, DK, DS, TC. མྱུལད་ND, DK. མྱུལ་ [DS], TC. མྱུལ་ND, DK, [DS], TC.མྱུལད་ND, DK. མྱུལ་ TC.ND, TC.DS, TC.རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ ND. To do the work of espionage, to examine closely, to search into, to scrutinize CD. To go in search of DK. To know a circumstance by secret means and moving about DS. To search, look for, look into, investigate TC.མྱོང་1 མྱོང་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མྱངས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མྱང་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.མྱོངས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 184), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 184), (Hackett 2003).རོ་བྲོ་བ་དང་བདུད་རྩི་སོགས་ LZ. རོ་དང་བདེ་བ་ ND. To enjoy, taste, perceive, lick, undergo CD. To feel, comprehend, experience, taste DK. 1. To experience with one of the five senses. 2. To meet, encounter, touch DS. 1. To determine, gauge. 2. To act, behave TC.མྱོང་2 མྱོང་LZ, TC. མྱོང་LZ, TC. མྱོང་LZ, TC.མྱོང་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.བདེ་བ་སོགས་LZ. To sense, feel TC.མྱོང་3(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 184).Indicates that the agent has experienced the action himself (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 187).མྱོས་ མྱོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མྱོས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. མྱོ་LZ. མྱོས་ DK, [DS], TC.མྱོས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.ཆང་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To become intoxicated, intoxication from wine, to become maddened, become demented CD. To become intoxicated, to be intoxicated with overjoy, to be intoxicated with love DK. 1. To become intoxicated, excessive (from barely beer &c.). 2. To be very happy, overjoyed concerning something DS. To be intoxicated, for the mind to become unstable TC.དམད་ དམད་LZ. དམད་LZ. དམད་LZ.དམོད་LZ.ཉམས་དང་ཁེངས་པ་སོགས་ LZ.དམན་ དམན་LZ, TC. དམནད་LZ. དམན་ TC. དམན་LZ, TC.དམན་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྲངས་སོགས་ལས་LZ. To lack, be short of, disappear, be inferior TC.དམའ་ དམའ་CD, ND, DK. དམས་TC. དམས་CD, DK, TC. དམའ་ND. དམའ་DK. དམས་TC.དམས་DK. ཨྀND, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To be low, degraded, interior CD. To be low, decay, diminish DK. To decline, deteriorate, fade TC.དམིགས་1 དམིགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དམིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. དམིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དམིགས་LZ, DK, TC.TC.DS, TC.ཡུལ་སོགས་ LZ. To fancy, imagine, construe in one's mind CD. To imagine DK. To look at, consider DS. To think about, imagine, consider TC.དམིགས་2 དམིགས་DS, TC. དམིགས་DS, TC. དམིགས་DS, TC.ཨྀ TC.TC.DS. TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To see, examine DS. To see, obtain TC.དམུར་ དམུར་CD, DK, DS, (TC). མུར་ CD, (DS), T C. མུརད་DK. དམུར་ [DS], [(TC)]. མུར་[(DS)], TC. མུར་DK, [(DS)], TC. དམུར་ [DS], [(TC)].དམུརད་DK. མུར་ TC. དམུར་ [(TC)].TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To gnaw, to crush with the teeth, to bite asunder CD. To gnaw, to bite steadily, to chew bones &c. DK. To chew (food &c.) DS. To bite, chew, gnaw TC. Compare རྨུར་.དམུལ་ དམུལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དམུལད་LZ, DK. དམུལ་ [DS], TC. དམུལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དམུལ་LZ, TC. དམུལད་ DK.TC.DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཉམས་དང་འཛུམ་ LZ. To smile [CD]. To smile gently, to give smiles DK. To laugh, smile a little bit DS. To laugh a little, to smile TC.དམུས་ དམུས་TC. དམུས་TC. དམུས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To be sad, timid TC. Compare རྨུས་.དམེ་ དམེ་LZ, CD, DK. དམེས་LZ, DK. དམེ་LZ, DK.དམེས་LZ, DK.གྲིབ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To stain, besmirch [CD]. To defile, murder a relative, kill DK.དམོད་ དམོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དམོད་LZ, ND, DK, TC. དམོད་LZ, DK, TC.དམོད་LZ, DK, TC.TC.DS, TC.ཚིག་གིས་ LZ. 1. To curse, execrate, accurse (Cs.). 2. To swear, to affirm, to confirm a treaty by an oath (Jä). 3. To address a prayer of conjuration to a deity (Glr.) CD. To curse DK. 1. To speak vilely to a person. 2. To lower, bring lower DS. To swear at, curse, deprecate TC.DS identifies this verb with སྨོད་.དམྱལ་ དམྱལ་CD. To cut up, to cut into pieces (meat at dinner) (Dzl.) CD.དམྱུག་1 དམྱུག་ DK, TC. མྱུག་ TC. མྱུགས་DK, TC. དམྱུགས་ TC. མྱུག་DK, TC. དམྱུག་TC.དམྱུགས་DK, TC. མྱུགས་TC.TC.TC. 1. To search. 2. To bend down one's head. 3. To enter, to put in DK. 1. To enter. 2. To search for (dmyug) TC. To look for (myug) TC.དམྱུག་2 དམྱུག་LZ, TC. དམྱུགས་ CD, DS, TC (archaic). དམྱུགས་LZ, [DS], TC. དམྱུག་LZ, TC. དམྱུགས་ [DS].མྱུགས་LZ. དམྱུགས་ TC.TC.DS, TC.གཏེའུ་འམ་ཁྱི་སོགས་ཕྱིར་ LZ. To drain off CD. To bring something up from deep water DS. To take out TC.དམྱུག་3 དམྱུག་DK, TC. མྱུག་CD. མྱུགས་DK. དམྱུགས་ TC. མྱུག་DK. དམྱུག་TC.དམྱུགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. To run, roam, steal about (Sch.) CD. To go DK. To go, wander, roam TC.རྨ་1 རྨ་CD, DK. རྨས་ DS, TC. རྨས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. རྨ་DK. རྨས་ [DS], TC.རྨས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS.TC. To wound CD. To hurt, wound, be injured DK. To wound the body with a weapon DS. To be wounded, damaged, to deteriorate TC.རྨ་2 རྨ་(Thomas 1935-65 vol 3: 166a), (Richardson 1985: 51 n. 7 and index).རྨས་(Thomas 1935-65 vol 3: 166a).རྨོས་(Thomas 1935-65 vol 3: 166a). སྨོས་(Thomas 1935-65 vol 3: 166a).[Erg. All.]NWH. To inquire, ask, say (Thomas 1935-65 vol 3: 166a). To investigate, put to question (Richardson 1985: 51 n. 7 and index).རྨི་ རྨི་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྨིས་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྨི་DK, DS, TC.རྨིས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS.TC. To dream CD. To have a dream, to dream DK. When after having gone to sleep, for various appearances to arise because of conditions of the brain due to outer conditions or by the power of various conditions within and without the body DS. For a dream to come about TC.རྨུག་ རྨུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྨུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྨུག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྨུགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཁི་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. ཁྱིས་ ND. 1. To bite. 2. (of bees &c.) To sting. 3. (in West) To gall (e.g. the feet by friction of the shoes). 3. (in West) To bark (Jä) CD. To be bitten by a dog, to bite DK. (for a small creature) To bite DS. (of a dog &c.) To bite TC.རྨུར་ རྨུར་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྨུརད་ND, DK. རྨུར་ TC. རྨུར་ND, DK, TC.རྨུརད་ND, DK. ཨྀ ND. རྨུར་ TC.ND.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཁྱི་སོགས་འཐབ་ (rmurd) ND. ཁྱི་འཐབ་ (-) ND. To gnarl and bite each other as dogs do CD. To crunch, to gnaw DK. To chew (food &c.) DS. To bite TC. Compare དམུར་.རྨུས་ རྨུས་DK, DS, TC. རྨུས་DK, [DS]. རྨུས་DK, [DS].རྨུས་DK.DS. To be sick of, to be tired, weary DK. To be sad DS. (archaic) 1. To be sad, timid. 2. To become dark, obscure TC. Compare དམུས་.རྨེ་ རྨེ་DK, TC. རྨེས་DK. རྨེ་DK.རྨེས་DK. To be avaricious, greedy, to save, to reduce expenditure DK. (archaic) To save, horde, be thrifty TC.རྨེད་ རྨེད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྨེ་DS, TC. རྨས་LZ, CD, DK, DS. རྨེས་CD. རྨེད་LZ. རྨད་ DK. རྨ་ DS.རྨེད་LZ, DK. རྨོས་ DS.DS.གཏམ་སོགས་LZ. 1. To ask, inquire. 2. To plough, sow. 3. To study CD. To enquire, to ask questions DK. (archaic) To ask, ask the reason (rmed) DS. (archaic) To say (rme) DS. (archaic) To ask, implore, say (rmed) TC. (archaic) To ask, say (rme) TC.རྨེལ་ རྨེལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྨེལད་LZ, DK. རྨེལ་ [DS], TC. རྨེལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྨེལད་LZ, DK. རྨེལ་ TC.TC.DS, TC.བལ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To pluck out. 2. To summon, call, invite CD. To sort out wool for spinning, to spin, yawn DK. 1. To spin into thread. 2. To lengthen (rope &c.) DS. To card, comb, spin TC.རྨོ་རྨོ་CD, (DK). give as the present of རྨོད་རྨོང་ རྨོང་CD, DK. རྨོངས་ DS, TC. རྨོངས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. རྨོང་DK. རྨོངས་ [DS], TC. རྨོངས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be obscured. 2. To be puzzled CD. To be dull, to feel dull, to be confused, ignorant DK. 1. To not know, be ignorant. 2. To be stupid, dull DS. To not know, be ignorant TC.རྨོད་ རྨོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྨོ་ CD, (DK). རྨོན་ (DS). རྨོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྨོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྨོད་LZ. རྨོས་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. རྨོན་ 'a ploughed field' NWH.ཤིང་སོགས་ LZ. ཤིང་ ND. To plough CD, DK. To turn a field with a plough DS. To plough, turn a field TC.རྨྱ་ རྨྱ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྨྱོ་ DK. རྨྱས་LZ, DK. རྨྱ་ DK, [DS]. རྨྱ་LZ, DK, [DS].རྨྱས་LZ. རྨྱ་ DK. རྨྱོས་ DK.TC.DS, TC.ཚད་གདུང་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To degenerate, grow worse, decay CD. To feel dull, become dull (rmya) DK. To decay, grow weak (rmyo) DK. (for body or mind) To become dull, fatigued DS. To become feeble, for mind or body to deteriorate TC.རྨྱང་རྨྱང་CD. gives as the presents of རྨྱོང་རྨྱེང་རྨྱེང་CD. gives as the presents of རྨྱོང་རྨྱོ་རྨྱོ་ DK. gives as a present to རྨྱ་རྨྱོང་ རྨྱང་CD. རྨྱེང་ CD. རྨྱོང་DK, TC. རྨྱངས་DK, TC. རྨྱང་DK, TC.རྨྱངས་ DK. རྨྱོངས་TC. TC. TC. To bend towards, to stretch one's self, to stretch forward the neck as if to hear anybody speaking or whispering CD. To stretch, to stretch one's self DK. To stretch out TC.སྨད་སྨད་CD. gives as a present of སྨོད་སྨན་ སྨན་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨནད་DK. སྨན་ [DS], TC. སྨན་ DK, [DS], TC.སྨནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) To benefit, help CD. To benefit, to be helpful, be useful DK. (archaic) To benefit, help DS. To benefit, help TC.སྨིན་ སྨིན་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨིནད་DK. སྨིན་ [DS], TC. སྨིན་DK, [DS], TC.སྨིནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To become ripe, to ripen. 2. To be converted CD. To age, grow old, to become tamed, to be peaceful minded DK. 1. For a fruit of a fruit tree or seeds to become ready. 2. To have the power to think about a meaning. 3. To reach a year of age. 4. To bear fruit, fructify DS. To reach a measure, to do well established TC.སྨོ་ སྨོ་CD, DK. སྨོས་ DS, TC. སྨོས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. སྨོ་DK. སྨོས་ [DS], TC.སྨོས་CD, DK, TC.CD, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To call, name, remark, assert CD. To name, call by name, to say, mention DK. To speak DS. To say, tell TC.(Stein 1942: 205) suggests comparison with the following words: སྨོན་ 'desire' སྨོད་ 'blame' དམོད་ 'imprecation, malediction, prayer' སྨོན་ལམ་ 'prayer'. I suggest also possibly མོ་ 'divination.'སྨོད་ སྨོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྨད་ CD. སྨད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྨད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྨོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). དམའ་ 'low' (Laufer 1915: 62-63),མ་ 'low' (Chang 1971: ii.5). སྨད་ 'low' (Beyer 1992: 112).ཚུལ་འཆཨལ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. སྨད་པ་བཏང་ND. 1. To blame, disparage. 2. To boast, show off one's self (smod)CD. 1. To lower, make low. 2. To abuse, revile, blame, chide. 3. To dishonor, violate, ravish (smad) CD. To dishonor, to reprove, make low DK. 1. To speak vilely to a person. 2. To lower, bring lower DS. 1. To speak with course words, ridicule, jeer TC. 2. To bring down, make lower TC.(Stein 1942: 205) suggests comparison with several words (see note at སྨོ་).སྨོན་ སྨོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨོནད་LZ, DK. སྨོན་ [DS], TC. སྨོན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.སྨོནད་LZ, DK. སྨོན་ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འདི་ཕྱིའི་དོན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To bless, wish, desire (others to be happy and prosperous). 2. (with terminative of the infinitive) To pray for CD. To bless, wish, desire, admire, like DK. To have a very good wish, hope DS. To desire to obtain TC. (Stein 1942: 205) suggests comparison with the following words: སྨོ་ 'say', སྨོད་ 'blame' དམོད་ 'imprecation, malediction, prayer' སྨོན་ལམ་ 'prayer'. I suggest also possibly མོ་ 'divination.' སྨྱན་ སྨྱན་DK. སྨྱནད་DK. སྨྱན་DK.སྨྱནད་DK.(Goldstein 2001). To have new relations by marriage, to marry DK. To pollinate (Goldstein 2001).སྨྱུག་ སྨྱུག་CD,DK. སྨྱུགས་ DS. སྨྱུགས་DK, [DS]. སྨྱུག་DK. སྨྱུགས་ [DS].སྨྱུགས་DK. TC. To dip in, to immerse CD. To put in, to insert, to let to do [sic] DK. To make longer (a spear, rope &c.) DS. Compare སྙུག་.སྨྱུང་ སྨྱུང་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨྱུངས་DK, TC. སྨྱུང་ [DS]. སྨྱུང་DK, [DS], TC.སྨྱུངས་DK, TC.TC.DS, TC. To fast, to observe a scant diet CD. To lead an ascetic life, to fast DK. To endure the suffering thirst and hunger for a certain period of time DS. 1. To be hungry. 2. To make fewer TC. for TC's def. 2 compare སྙུང་.སྨྱུར་ སྨྱུར་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨྱུརད་DK. སྨྱུར་ [DS]. སྨྱུར་DK, DS.སྨྱུརད་DK.DS.མྱུར་ 'quick' (Gyurme 1992: 261). 1. To stretch one's self after sleep (Sch.). 2. To be quick, expeditious, in a hurry, to hasten CD. To make time shorter, to anticipate DK. To be quick, hasten DS. (archaic) To take short time. 2. To make nearer TC.སྨྱོ་ སྨྱོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨྱོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྨྱོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྨྱོས་LZ. སྨྱོ་ DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གདོན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To be insane, inflamed with insanity CD. To become made DK. To have a nervous disease and look for intelligence DS. To be mentally confused, for the mind not to stay calm, not to stay natural TC.སྨྲ་ སྨྲ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྨོས་ DS. སྨར་ (Beyer 1992: 86). སྨྲས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྨྲ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྨྲོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གླེང་གཏམ་སོགས་ LZ. གཏམ་ཚིག་ ND. To speak, utter, say CD. To speak, say, tell DK. To speak, tell DS. To tell, speak TC.སྨྲང་ སྨྲང་CD, DK, TC. སྨྲེང་ CD, DS, TC. སྨྲངས་DK. སྨྲེང་ [DS]. སྨྲང་DK. སྨྲེང་ [DS].སྨྲེངས་DK.DS,. (archaic) To speak CD. 1. To speak. 2. To hide DK. 1. (in some dialects) To be sad. 2. To hide, keep secret. 3. To speak, say DS. (archaic) To say, tell speak TC.སྨྲེ་ སྨྲེ་CD, DK, TC. སྨྲེས་DK. སྨྲེ་DK.སྨྲེས་DK. To speak ill of CD. To utter lamentations, to lament, bewail DK. To speak badly, vilely DS.སྨྲེང་སྨྲེང་ CD, DS, TC. give as the present of སྨྲང་
ཙ་ཙོབ་ཙོབ་LZ. gives as the present of གཙབ་གཙག་ གཙག་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གཙགས་ DS. བཙགས་LZ. གཙགས་ DK, DS, TC. གཙག་LZ, DK, (DS), TC. གཙགས་ DS.གཙོགས་LZ, DS, TC. གཙགས་DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དངུལ་ཁབ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To thrust in, poke, piece, prick CD. To eat out, to cut into halves, to take out, to let out blood from a vein DK. To prick, stab, jab (with a knife, lance, needle). 2. To sew (with needle and thread) DS. To slice, bleed, bring out after cutting TC.གཙང་གཙང་CD. gives as the present of 'tshangsགཙབ་ ཙོབ་LZ. གཙབ་ CD, DK, TC. བཙབ་ CD, (DS). གཙབས་ DS. བཙབས་LZ, CD, DK, (DS), TC. གཙབས་ DS. བཙབ་LZ, DK, (DS), TC. གཙབ་ (DS). གཙབས་ DS.ཙོབས་LZ. གཙབས་ DK. གཙོབས་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དབྱུག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. ཤ་སོགས་ LZ. To detach with a crowbar (Jä) (gtsab) CD. To cut small, to chop, mince (btsab) CD. To cut into small pieces, chop, mince DK. To cut in pieces (with a knife, axe &c.) DS. To cut finely TC.གཙི་ གཙི་CD, DS. གཙིས་CD, DS. གཙི་DS.གཙིས་DS.DS.DS. 1. To delight in, set store by, be fond of. 2. To invite, summon, call, appoint (Sch.) CD. To take care of, look after, to respect, venerate DS.གཙིགས་ གཙིག་DK. གཙིགས་ DS, TC. བཙིགས་DK. གཙིགས་ [DS], TC. བཙིག་DK. གཙིགས་ [DS], TC.གཙིགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To grin DK. To show teeth because of hatred and pain DK. To bear teeth TC.གཙིར་གཙིར་CD, DK. give as the present of འཚིར་གཙུག་ གཙུག་LZ. གཙུགས་ CD. བཙུགས་LZ. གཙུག་LZ.ཚུགས་LZ.སྲོལ་དང་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To plant. 2. To bore out, scoop out, excavate (Sch.) CD. Compare འཛུག་ and the note thereto.གཙུབ་ གཙུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཙུབས་LZ, DK. གཙུབས་ CD, DS, TC. གཙུབ་LZ, DK, DS. བཙུབ་ DKགཙུབ་LZ. གཙུབས་ DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.མེའི་ཆེད་གཙུབ་ཤིང་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To rub. 2. To churn CD. To rub, to make friction, to drag, move DK. 1. To rub against, to create friction. 2. To raise dust by moving something to and fro DS. To rub, scrape, grind TC.གཙེ་གཙེ་ CD, DS, TC. give as the present of འཚེ་.གཙེར་ གཙེར་DS, TC. གཙེར་[DS], TC. གཙེར་[DS], TC.གཙེར་ TC.TC.DS, TC. To make unhappy (e.g. the ears) DS. To irritate, harm the ears TC.བཙང་བཙང་ CD gives as a present of འཚང་1བཙན་ བཙན་DK. གཙན་ (DK). བཙནད་DK. བཙན་DK.བཙནད་DK.(Hoshi 2003).བཙན་ 'mightly, powerful' NWH. To enforce strictly DK. (for a situation) To be strict, dire (Hoshi 2003).བཙབ་བཙབ་DS, TC. give as the present of གཙབ་.བཙའ་ བཙའ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC (def. 2). བཙའ་DS, TC (def 1). བཙའ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཙས་LZ, DK. བཙོས་ ND. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བུ་སོགས་དང་སྤྱན་རས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. ཤིང་སོགསསྨར་བར་ND. (honorific) To watch, look on, espy CD. To watch, look after carefully, with great affection DK. To look at, examine with the eyes DS. 1. To cherish, protect. 2. To stare at, watch over TC.བཙའ་ བཙའ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙའ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཙས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ ND, TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བུ་སོགས་དང་སྤྱན་རས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. སྨར་བར་ND. To be born, to bring forth CD. To be born DK. For a child to be brought for from a mother's womb DS. To be born TC.རྩབ་ རྩབས་ CD. རྩབ་DK. བརྩབས་DK. བརྩབ་DK.རྩབས་DK. To chop, cut into small pieces like meat CD. To bar DK.རྩལ་ རྩལ་(Hackett 2003). རྩལ་(Hackett 2003). རྩལ་(Hackett 2003).[Abs. Instr.] (Hackett 2003). To have power (Hackett 2003).རྩི་ རྩི་TD ཊཌཨཅཏུཨལལཡགིབེ༹ས་རྩ་བུཏ་ཐིས་མུསཏབེ་ཨན་ཨེརརོར་ཨིན་ཐེ་ཏྲནསྨིསསིཨོན་ཨོར་པྲིནཏིང , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩིས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྩིས་ DS. བརྩི་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྩིས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩིས་ CD.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲངས་ཀྱིས་ TD. གྲངས་དང་དུས་སོགས་ LZ. གྲང་ ND. To count, reckon, compute CD. To calculate, count, compute, to reckon, to consider as an important figure or thing DK. 1. To count. 2. To think that something is. 3. To go against, defy, accept, bear DS. 1. To count 2. To look at, abide by. 3. To think about doing something, plan on TC.རྩིག་ རྩིག་TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩིགས་TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩིག་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྩིགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, DK, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281).གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་སོགས་ TD. གྱང་སོགས་ LZ. མཁར་སོགས་ ND. To build, to erect CD. To wall up, to pile up, to build, erect DK. 1. To make higher by placing one (stone &c.) on top of another. 2. To make, erect (a castle wall &c.) DS. To build a wall TC.རྩིང་ རྩིང་LZ. རྩིངས་LZ. རྩིང་LZ.རྩིང་LZ.ཀུན་སྦྱོད་དང་རིག་པ་སོགས་ LZ.རྩུ་རྩུ་DK. gives as the present of བཙུ་རྩུབ་ རྩུབ་CD, NDA In the same place NDB has rtsung. རྩུབ་NDA (Hoshi 2003). To revile, abuse CD. To be rough, course (Hoshi 2003).རྩེ་ རྩེད་LZ. རྩེ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྩེས་LZ,CD, DK, DS. བརྩེས་ ND, (DS), TC. རྩེད་LZ. བརྩེ་ND, (DS), TC. རྩེ་ DK, DS.རྩེད་LZ. རྩེས་ND, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hoshi 2003). DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hackett 2003).རསྟེད་མོ་སོགས་ LZ. རྩེད་མོ་ ND. To play, frolic, disport one's self, take recreation, play games CD. To play games DK. To play (a game, an opera &c.) DS. To play music, play a game TC. Compare རྩེན་.རྩེག་ རྩེག་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བརྩེགས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བརྩེག་LZ, ND, DS, TC.རྩེག་LZ. རྩེགས་ ND, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྟེང་ནས་སྟེང་སོགས་ LZ. ཡར་ལ་ ND. 1. To amass, to be avaricious. 2. To arrange, to lay one thing on another. 3. To pulsate, to gasp CD. 1. To make thicker by covering, placing on top of something. 2. To speak about the size of a price DS. 1. To place one on top of another. 2. To be restricted (as the breath). 3. To raise, increase (e.g. a price) TC.རྩེང་ རྩེང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྩེངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྩེང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྩེངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. རྩོང་ CD. བརྩོངས་ CD.DS, TC.DS, TC.མཐང་གོས་སོགས་ LZ. To tuck up, truss up CD. To push up one's dress, to pull up DK. 1. To rise, stand. 2.To lift up DS. To lift, raise TC. perhaps related to རྫེང་.རྩེད་1རྩེད་LZgives as the present of རྩེ་རྩེད་2རྩེད་DS. gives as a dialect alternate of བརྩེ་རྩེན་ རྩེན་LZ, DK, DS, [TC]. རྩེནད་LZ, DK. རྩེན་ [DS].རྩེན་LZ, DK, [DS].རྩེན་LZ. རྩེནད་ DK.DS.DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཡོ་ལང་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To take delight in games, to enjoy, romanticize DK. 1. To raise up, elevate, float, hover, soar. 2. To play a game DS. (archaic) 1. To play music, play a game. 2. To rest, stay, remain. 3. To raise up, elevate, float, hover, soar TC. Clearly related to རྩེ་.རྩོད་ རྩོད་KYT, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩད་KYT, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩད་KYT, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྩོད་KYT, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲུབ་མཐའ་དང་སྡེ་རིས་སོགས་ LZ. ཚིག་སོགས་ ND. To contend with words, dispute, wrangle CD. To interrogate, to ask questions, to debate, argue, dispute, contend DK. 1. To differentiate outlook and manner of speech, to speak the reason of ones outlook &c. being very pure, and refute, rebuke the outlook of another. 2. To have a forceful discussion about something DS. To debate, dispute, oppose TC.རྩོམ་ རྩོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྩམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྩོམས་ CD. བརྩམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྩོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བསྟན་བཅོས་སོགས་ TD. ལེགས་བཤད་དང་བྱ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. ལས་དང་ཡི་གེ་སོགས་ND. 1. To begin anything, to set about an undertaking, to start. 2. To practice, to accomplish. 3. To compose, draw up in writing CD. 1. To compose, to write a book. 2. To prepare DK. 1. To compose a ??stra. 2. To prepare. 3. To start, begin DS. 1. To write, compose (the words of a book &c.) 2. To undertake an action TC.རྩོལ་ རྩོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྩོལད་LZ. བརྩལད་ DK. བརྩལ་ DS, TC. རྩོལ་LZ. བརྩལ་ DK, DS, TC.རྩོལད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འབད་པ་སོགས་ LZ. To endeavor, to take pain CD. To try, to endeavor, to tighten DK. To exert, strive for DS. To strive, endeavor TC.སྩེལ་ སྩེལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. སྩོལ་ TC. བསྟལད་DK. བསྩལ་ TC. བསྩལ་DK, TC.སྩེལད་DK. སྩོལ་ TC. To remove, purify (= སེལ་) CD. To remove, get rid of DK. (archaic equivalent of སེལ་) To remove, purify DS, TC. Compare སེལ་ and གསལ་.སྩོག་ སྩོག་DK. བསྩགས་DK. བསྩག་DK.སྩོགས་DK. To earn, accumulate, save for future DK. Compare འཚོགས་, སོགས་, གསོག་.སྩོལ་ སྩོལ་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྩལད་KYN, LZ, ND. སྩལད་ DK. བསྩལ་ DS, TC. བསྩལ་KYN, LZ. སྩལ་ ND, DK. བསྩལ་ DS, TC. སྩོལད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK. སྩོལ་ DS, TC.KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, [Hoshi 2003].DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཀའ་དང་གནང་སྦྱིན་སོགས་ LZ. གནང་བ་བགྱིད་དུ་ ND. 1. To give, grant, bestow, confer. 2. To restore CD. To give helps, grant, send, order DK. (honorific) To give DS. 1. (honorific) To give, do. 2. To begin an action TC. (མཆིད་སྩལ་པ་) To give a letter (from someone higher to lower) (Takeuchi 1990: 178-183). Compare སྤྲིང་ and གསོལ་.སྩོལ་2སྩོལ་TC. gives as the present of སྩེལ་གསྩན་གསྩན་(Li & Coblin 1987: 444) give as an archaic present of གསན་.བརྩུ་ བརྩུ་CD, DS, TC. རྩུ་DK. བརྩུས་DK. བརྩུ་DK, [DS].རྩུས་DK. To welcome, receive (a guest) CD. To welcome, to receive with welcome DK. (archaic) To welcome, receive (= བསུ་) DS, TC. Compare བསུ་.བརྩེ་1 བརྩེ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྩེས་LZ, DK. བརྩེ་ DS, TC. བརྩེ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བརྩེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྲོགས་དང་བུ་ལ་ LZ. (usually preceded by སྙིང་ or ཐུགས་) To love CD. To have affection, to love DK. To love, be affectionate DS. To love be fond of TC.བརྩེ་2 བརྩེ་DK, DS, TC. རྩེད་ DS (dialect). བརྩེས་DK. བརྩེ་ [DS], TC. རྩེད་ [DS] (dialect). བརྩེ་DK, [DS], TC. རྩེད་ [DS] (dialect).བརྩེས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To cause some uneasiness with one's teeth by friction or friction sounds DK. For a characteristic pain of contact to arise DS. To be difficult, unbearable TC. Compare བརྩེད་.བརྩེད་ བརྩེད་TC. བརྩེད་TC. བརྩེད་TC.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. For hooves (of horses, mules &c.) to wear down, and because of becoming near the flesh, to be painful on touch TC. Compare བརྩེ་2བརྩོན་ བརྩོན་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བརྩོནད་LZ, DK. བརྩོན་ [DS], TC. བརྩོན་ LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བརྩོནད་LZ, DK. བརྩོན་ TCTC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་ལ་ LZ. To strive, aim at, exert one's self for CD. To try hard, to endeavor DK. To strive gladly without respite DS. To try, to strive TC.
ཚ་ཚ་ ཚ་CD, DK, TC. ཚ་DK, TC. ཚ་DK, TC.ཚ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To be hot CD. To feel hot, to be hot DK. For pain, ache to burn TC.ཚང་ ཚང་CD, DK, TC. འཚང་ DS. ཚང་DK, DS, TC. ཚངས་ CD. ཚང་DK, TC. འཚང་ DS.ཚང་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be complete, full, entire CD. To be completed, the entire, number of requirements, to be completed the entire body of something [sic] DK. For a number or measure to be complete, for all pieces to come together, be assembled DS. For a number, measure to be complete, come together TC.ཚངས་ ཚངས་DK. གཙང་CD. ཚངས་DK. ཚངས་DK.ཚངས་DK. To be clean, pure CD. To be clean, to feel clean DK. Compare སངས་3ཚད་ ཚད་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཚད་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཚད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཚོད་LZ, DS, TC. ཚད་ DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མཐོ་དམན་རིང་ཐུང་སོགས་ LZ. To measure, complete DK. To measure (weight, length, quantity &c.) DS. To compare, measure (length &c.) TC.ཚམ་ཚམ་DK. gives as the present of འཚམ་ཚར་1 ཚར་CD, DK, TC. འཚར་ CD, DS. ཚརད་DK. ཚར་ DS, TC. ཚར་DK, TC. འཚར་ DS.ཚརད་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). To fulfill, finish, to be finished, completed, spent CD. To finish, to complete DK. To end, finish, complete, perfect DS. To finish, complete TC.ཚར་2ཚར་CD.To denote an action that is perfectly past or completed CD.ཚིམ་ ཚིམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཚིམས་DK, DS, TC. ཚིམ་DK, DS, TC.ཚིམས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be contented, satisfied, satiated, consoled CD. To be contented, to be satisfied DK. 1. To have eaten enough, be full, sated. 2. For a wish to be fulfilled DS. To be satisfied, to be content TC.ཚུགས་1 འཚུགས་DK, DS. འཚུགས་[DK], DS. འཚུགས་[DK], DS.ཚུགས་DK.DS. To be able DK, DS.ཚུགས་2 ཚུགས་CD, TC. ཚུགས་TC. ཚུགས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To do harm, to hurt, to inflict (Jä) CD. To harm, hurt TC.ཚུགས་3ཚུགས་DS, TC. give as the present of འཚུགས་.ཚུད་ ཚུད་CD. To dig CD.ཚུད་2ཚུད་ [CD], TC. give as the present of འཚུད་.ཚེགས་ ཚེགས་DS. ཚེགས་[DS]. ཚེགས་[DS].DS. 1. To be exhausted from work. 2. To suffer, to be busy DS.ཚེང་ ཚེང་DK. ཚེངས་DK. ཚེང་[CD], DK.ཚེངས་DK. To be bend down, to be turned away [CD], DK.ཚེམ་ཚེམ་LZ, DS. give as the present of འཚེམ་ཚེམས་ ཚེམས་CD. To have the disadvantage, to come off the loser, not receiving a full share (Sch.) CD.ཚེས་ འཚེས་DK. ཚེས་ DS, TC. ཚེས་DK, DS, TC. འཚེས་DK. ཚེས་ DS, TC.ཚེ་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To rise (the moon &c.) DK. 1. For a month to start. 2. For the light of the moon to spread DS. To shine TC.ཚོགས་ ཚོགས་CD, TC. ཚོགས་TC. ཚོགས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཚོགས་(Duff). To assemble, gather CD. 1. To hold, contain, retain. 2. To gather, assemble TC. Compare འཚོགས་, སོགས་, གསོག་.ཚོམ་ ཚོམ་CD, DS. ཚོམས་CD (see note). ཚོམ་ [DS]. ཚོམ་ [DS].DS. 1. To doubt, hesitate. 2. To be timid, bashful, shy. 3. To be ashamed (Cs.) (Jä) CD. To doubt, to not be resolute DS.CD writes ཙོམས་ in Tibetan but transcribes tshoms.ཚོར་ ཚོར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཚོརད་LZ, DK. ཚོར་ [DS], TC. ཚོར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཚོར་LZ. ཚོརད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་སེམས་ལ་ LZ. To perceive, to feel CD. To perceive through touching, to feel, understand DK. For sensation or outer conditions to give rise to direct experience DS. To feel, understand, know TC.ཚོས་ ཚོས་DS, TC. ཚོས་[DS], TC. ཚོས་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཚོད་(Duff). 1. To be ready, to have cooked enough (for food). 2. To ripen (the fruits of trees and plants) DS. To become soft from cooking TC.མཚན་ མཚན་DK, DS, TC. མཚནད་DK. མཚན་ [DS], TC. མཚན་DK, [DS], TC.མཚནད་DK. མཚོན་ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To ornament, to put on, to wear, to wonder DK. 1. For a mark or sign to be placed upon something. 2. To dress, adorn, decorate DS. To dress, adorn, decorate TC.མཚར་ མཚར་LZ, DK. མཚརད་LZ, DK. མཚར་LZ, DK.མཚརད་LZ, DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཡིད་ངོ་འཕྲོག་པའི་ LZ. To wonder, to feel strange DK.མཚུངས་ མཚུངས་LZ, ND, DK. མཚུང་ (DK). མཚུངས་LZ, ND, DK. མཚུངས་LZ, DK. མཚུང་ (DK).མཚུངས་LZ, DK.མཚུངས་DS. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003).དཔེ་དོན་སོགས་ LZ. To be alike, similar DK. 1. To be similar to one another (for different things). 2. To have the same meaning DS.མཚེར་ མཚེར་CD, DK, TC. འཚེར་(CD), [DK], DS, (TC). མཚེརད་DK. མཚེར་ TC. འཚེར་[DK], (TC). མཚེར་DK, TC. འཚེར་[DK], (TC).མཚེརད་DK. མཚེར་ TC. ཨྀ (TC).TC. (TC), (Hoshi 2003). DS, TC. To grieve, to sorrow CD. To displease, to hesitate, to be ashamed, to be displeased DK. To become sad, regretful DS. 1. To be irritated, to not want to act. 2. To be embarrassed, ashamed, afraid TC.མཚོན་ མཚོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཚོནད་LZ, DK. མཚོན་ DK, [DS], TC. མཚོན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཚོནད་LZ, DK. མཚོན་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དཔེ་སོགས་ LZ. To set forth, bring forward, show, quote, exhibit CD. To comprehend by a sign or hint, to indicate DK. 1. To symbolize, signify. 2. To set forth an example DS. To clarify, to show, to make understand TC.འཚག་1 འཚག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཚགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. འཚག་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཚོགས་LZ. འཚགས་DK. འཚོགས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆས་གོས་སོགས་ LZ. To hesitate, be reluctant DK. To finish making preparations DS. To save, accumulate TC.འཚག་2 འཚག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཚེག་ (DS). གཟགས་ CD. བཙགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཚགས་CD. བཙག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཚོགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ཚོག་ CD.ND, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཛག་CD, (Chang 1971: viii.16).སྙིགས་མ་སོགས་ཚགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. ཚགས་སུ་ ND. To cause to trickle, to strain, filter, press out CD. To sift, separate by putting through a sieve, to sift tea, to filter DK. Foe something gross to become fine from being draw through a strain, for sediment to settle from liquid DS. For sediment to settle from liquid TC.འཚང་1 འཚང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཚངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཚང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཚངས་LZ. འཚོངས་DK. འཚོངས་ TC. ཨྀ DS.DS. TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཚང་2(Gyurme 1992: 261).གྲལ་དང་ནང་དུ་ LZ. To press into, to stuff, puff out CD. To rush in, to enter hostilely, violently DK. To be put carefully into many categories DS. To look about and then enter TC.འཚང་2 འཚང་TD, CD, DK, DS, TC འཚངས་LZ, ND. བཙང་ CD. འཚོངས་(ND). བཙངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙོང་ (ND).ཚངས་TD, LZ. ཚོངས་ND, DS, TC. འཚངས་ DK.TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཚང་1(Chang 1971: viii.16).ནང་དུ་ TD, LZ, ND. To press into, to stuff, puff out ('tshang)CD. To press forward, press into, squeeze one's self in (btsang) CD. To put in, to insert DK. To put something in a vessel DS. To put forcibly in between, to insert with force TC.འཚང་3 འཚང་TC. འཚངས་TC. འཚང་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To have difficulty breathing, to be stuffed up TC.འཚབ་1 འཚབས་ DK. འཚབ་ CD, DS, TC. ཚབས་CD. ཚབ་ DK. འཚབས་ DS, TC. འཚབ་ DK, DS, TC.ཚོབས་ CD. ཚབས་ DK. ཨྀ DS. འཚོབས་ TC.CD, TC. DS, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC. (honorific) To be afraid, to be in awe of CD. To be frightened, to be afraid of, to be nervous DK. To not be confident DS. To be agitated, afraid TC.འཚབ་2 འཚབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཚབས་LZ, CD, TC. ཚབ་ DS. འཚབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC.ཚོབས་LZ, DS. ཚོབ་CD. འཚོབས་TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. གཞན་གྱི་ཡོ་བྱད་སོགས་ LZ. To repay, replace CD. To repay the loss of another's property DS. 1. To repay, replace. 2. To add, augment TC. Compare གསབ་.འཚམ་1 འཚམ་DK, DS, TC. འཚམས་DK, DS, TC. འཚམ་DK, DS, TC.འཚམས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To suit, to be suitable DK. To be alright, suitable, to be in accord DS. To be fitting, to be in accord TC.འཚམ་2 འཚམ་LZ, (DK), TC. ཚམ་ DK. བཙམས་LZ, DK, TC. བཙམ་LZ, DK, TC.ཚམས་LZ, DK. ཚོམས་ TC.TC.DS, TC.དོན་མེད་དུ་ཐོ་སོགས་ LZ. To harm, compete, challenge CD. To make trouble, fight, abuse, mistreat TC.འཚར་ འཚར་DK, TC. འཚརད་DK. འཚར་ TC. འཚར་DK, TC.འཚརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. TC. To grow up, to become taller, to develop DK. To grow larger, increase TC.འཚར་2འཚར་CD, DS. give as the present of ཚར་འཚལ་1 འཚལ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཚལད་LZ. བཙལད་ND, DK. བཙལ་ DS, TC. འཚལ་ LZ, DS. བཙལ་ND, DK, TC. འཚོལད་LZ,ND. འཚལད་DK. འཚོལ་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཕྱག་སོགས་ LZ. ཕྱག་ ND. To greet, to prostrate for respect DK. (when prefixed by ཕྱག་) To pay respect, be respectful DS. To do (e.g. ཕྱག་འཚལ་ 'prostrate') TC.འཚལ་2 འཚལ་CD, [DS], TC. འཚལ་TC. འཚལ་TC.འཚོལ་CD. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To beg, desire, ask. 2. (honorific) To eat. 3. To offer, show, set forth CD. 1. (archaic) To know. 2. (archaic) To take food DS. 1. To be acceptable, allowed. 2. To wish for, want. 3. To be necessary. 4. To know. 5. (archaic) To explain. 6. (archaic) To eat TC.འཚལ་3 འཚལ་CD, DS.(when preceded by a verb the latter stands in the terminative infinitive or as the mere root and more especially the perfect root) To beg, desire, ask CD. (suffixed to the present stem of a verb) To exhort, encourage DS.འཚིག་ འཚིག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཚིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཚིག་LZ, DK. འཚིག་ DS, TC.ཚིག་LZ. འཚིགས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྲེག་(Gyurme 1992: 261).དཀོར་དང་མེས་ LZ. To burn, to destroy by fire, to flow CD. To burn, to feel hot DK. To become of another nature once burned by fire (for wood &c.) DS. To naturally become burn TC.འཚིར་1 འཚིར་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. གཙིར་ CD, DK. བཙིརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཙིར་ DS, TC. བཙིར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཙིར་ (DS).ཚིརད་LZ, ND. གཙིརད་ DK. ཚིར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཛིར་(Chang 1971: viii.16-17).ལག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. སྣམ་སོགས་ ND. To extract, wring out, squeeze forth, to press out oil, extracts CD. To wring out, to squeeze, to contract by pressing, to extract or press out oil &c. by wringing out DK. To press from two sides DS. 1. To push in a gap. 2. To carefully examine TC. Compare གཅིར་ and འཆིར་.འཚིར་2 འཚིརད་DK. ཚིར་ DK. འཚིར་ DK.ཚིརད་DK. To be squeezed, to be contracted, to come out, trickle down DK.འཚིར་3 འཚིར་DS. འཚིར་[DS]. འཚིར་[DS].DS. To not be in a pleasant state of mind DS.འཚུགས་ འཚུགས་CD, DK. ཚུགས་ DS, TC. ཚུགས་CD, [DS], TC. ཚུག་ DK. འཚུག་DK. ཚུགས་ [DS], TC.འཚུགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. འཛུགས་CD, (Chang 1971: viii.19), (Beyer 1992: 113), (Gyurme 1992: 261) 1. To go into, to enter upon, begin commence. 2. To pierce, penetrate by boring, to thrust in, to establish one's self, to settle CD. To begin, to be founded DK. To start, begin DS. To stay firm, to hold one's ground TC.འཚུད་ འཚུད་CD, DK, DS. ཚུད་ [CD], TC. ཚུད་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཚུད་DK, DS. ཚུད་ TC.ཚུད་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འཛུད་CD,(Chang 1971: viii.20), (Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 261). To be put inside of, to go into, to enter, to get into CD. To be included, to be involved DK. To classify DS. 1. To come inside, be classified. 2. To fit, contain, have room TC.འཚུབ་ འཚུབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཚུབས་DK. འཚུབས་LZ, DS, TC. ཚུབས་ CD. ཚུབ་ DK. འཚུབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཚུབས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.རླུང་དང་ཁ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. To toss about, to swirl, to entwine, be choked, suffocated CD. To swirl (snow, dust, wind, water, &c.), to be suffocated, choked, overflow DK. 1. To gather, mass, billow (dust, smell &c.). 2. To wheeze, breath with difficulty DS. To be chaotic, growl, shake, disturbed TC.འཚུམ༼ས 'tshum(s) ND,DS. gives as the present of 'dzumའཚེ་ འཚེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS). གཙེ་ CD, DS, TC. གཙེས་LZ, CD, ND, (DK), DS, TC. བཙེས་ CD, DK. གཙེ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཚེ་LZ. གཙེས་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS.DS.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དགྲ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ ND. To cause mischief or danger to, to damage, injure, persecute CD. To harm, to bring evil DK. To harm, to instigate a quarrel DS. To harm, annoy TC.འཚེ་ འཚེ་LZ. འཚེས་LZ. འཚེ་LZ.འཚེ་LZ.རྐྱེན་ངན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.འཚེག་ འཚེག་CD. ཚེགས་CD. To repay a loan, kindness CD.འཚེག་འཚེག་(DS). gives as the present of འཚག་.འཚེང་ འཚེང་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འཚེངས་DS. འཚེངས་LZ, CD, DK, [DS], TC. འཚེང་LZ, DK, TC. འཚེངས་ [DS].ཚེངས་LZ. འཚེངས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.རེ་འདོད་སོགས་ LZ. To be satisfied, content, happy, gratified CD. To be satisfied, to be happy, to win, overcome DK. To be satisfied, establish as a hope DS. 1. To be satisfied, happy. 2. To gain profit, to be victorious TC.འཚེད་འཚེད་KYN, CD, DK, (DS), [TC]. give as the present of འཚོད་.འཚེམ་1 ཚེམ་LZ, DS. འཚེམ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙེམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙེམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཚེམས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. འཚེམས་DK.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གོས་དང་ལྷམ་སོགས་ LZ. གོས་སོགས་ ND. To sew CD. To sew, stick DK. To make clothing with needle and thread DS. To sew TC.འཚེམ་2 འཚེམ་DK, TC. ཚེམས་DK. འཚེམས་TC. ཚེམ་DK. འཚེམ་TC.འཚེམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To be left, to be forgotten DK. For an amount, number to not be met, fulfilled TC.འཚེར་ འཚེར་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཚེརད་ DK. འཚེརད་LZ. ཚེར་DK. འཚེར་ [DS], TC. འཚེར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཚེར་LZ. ཚེརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ལས་ཀ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To neigh. 2. To shine, glitter CD. 1. To be lightened, to be bright. 2. To hesitate DK. 1. To make the sound of a horse &c. 2. To shine, gleam, for the power of light to be felt in the eye DS. 1. To make a sound. 2. To blaze, shine. 3. mtsher. 4. (archaic) To be timid, shy TC.འཚེར་2འཚེར་(CD), [DK], DS, (TC). give as the present of མཚེར་འཚེས་འཚེས་DK. gives as the present to ཚེས་.འཚོ་1 འཚོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཚོས་LZ, TC. འཚོ་ DK, [DS]. འཚོ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. འཚོ་LZ, DK.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་སྲོག་སོགས་ LZ. To be alive DK, DS. To recover, revive, live TC. Compare སོས་ and གསོ་.འཚོ་2 འཚོ་ND, DS, TC. འཚོས་(NDA), NDB has 'tshas very probably a scribal error. DS, TC, བཙོས་ ND. འཚོ་(ND), DS, TC. བཙོ་ ND.འཚོས་ND, DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དད་འགྲོ་ ND. To nurture, care for (cattle) DS. To nourish, care for TC. Compare སོས་ and གསོ་.འཚོ་3འཚོ་LZ, ND, CD. give as the present of གསོ་.འཚོ་4འཚོ་CD. gives as the present of སོས་འཚོག་ འཚོག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཙོགས་LZ, DS, TC. བཙགས་ CD. བཙོག་ DK. བཙོག་LZ, CD, DS, TC. གཙོག་ DK.ཙོགས་LZ. ཚོགས་ LZ, DS. ཚོག་ CD, DK. འཚོགས་TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཅིག་གིཅཨིག་ལ་ཁ་ལག་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. 1. To hew, chop, cut pierce; to inoculate, vaccinate. 2. To cudgel. 3. To find fault with, to blame, censure, carp at, tease (Sch.) CD. To hit, to beat DK. (archaic) To hit, strike (with a stone, club &c.) DS. To beat, strike TC.འཚོགས་ ཚོགས་LZ. འཚོགས་CD, DK, DS. འཚོག་ TC. འཚོགས་LZ, TC. ཚོགས་ CD, DK, DS. འཚོགས་LZ. འཚོག་ DK, TC. འཚོགས་ DS.ཚོགས་LZ, DK, DS. འཚོགས་TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ཏུ་ LZ. 1. To assemble, to meet together. 2. To unite, to join in doing something, to combine, to make common cause (Jä) CD. To assemble, to get together DK. To assemble many things together DS. To gather together TC. Compare སྩོག་, སོགས་, གསོག་.འཚོང་ འཚོང་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཙོངས་KYN, TD, LZ, DK, DS, TC. བཙོང་KYN, TD, LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཚོངས་KYN, TD, LZ, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hackett 2003).ནོར་སོགས་ TD. ནོར་རྫས་སོགས་ LZ. To barter, sell CD. To sell DK. To receive money in exchange for a commercial good DS. To send, change commercial goods TC.འཚོད་ འཚོད་KYNZ, LZ, ND, CD, DS, TC. འཚེད་ KYNCW, CD, DK, (DS), TC. ཚོས་ CD. བཙོས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙོ་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཚོས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འཚོད་DK.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hackett 2003).ཤ་སོགས་ LZ, ND. To cook (tshos) CD. To dye ('tshed) CD. To cook, boil. 2. To dye cloth. 3. To let a fruit ripe by keeping in a warm place DK. To put something in water, heat, and bring to a boil DS. 1. [To cook] meat, vegetables. 2. To smelt, burn (gold &c.). 3. To dye, change the color, character of ('tshod) TC. To become ready (meat, vegetables) ('tshed) TC.འཚོབ་1 འཚོབ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཚོབས་CD ཚོབས་ DK. འཚོབ་ [DS]. འཚོབས་TC. ཚོབ་DK. འཚོབ་[DS], TC.འཚོབས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS.TC. To be a deputy, to represent, to be substituted for CD. To hold, to retain DK. To be restored DS. To come together, unite TC.འཚོབ་2 འཚོབ་LZ. ཚབ་LZ. ཚབ་LZ.ཚོབ་LZ.སྐུ་སོགས་དངོས་གནས་ཀྱི་དོད་ LZ.འཚོབ་3འཚོབ་ND, (DS). give as the present of གསབ་.འཚོམས་ འཚོམས་DK. ཚོམ་DK. འཚོམ་DK.ཚོམས་DK.(Hoshi 2003). To be angry, intensified DK. To get angry (Hoshi 2003).འཚོལ་ འཚོལད་(Zeisler 2004: 459). འཚོལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙལ་TD, DS, TC. བཙལད་ LZ, ND, DK. བཙོལ་ CD. ཚོལ་(Zeisler 2004: 459, 479). བཙལ་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཚོལད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. ཚོལ་ CD, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hackett 2003).ནོར་སོགས་ TD, ND. རྒྱུ་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ. To seek, look for, make search CD. To search, find out, spy, wander DK. To try to find what has been lost, obtain what had not been obtained DK. To look into, investigate TC.G. Uray, AOH, III (1955), pg. 234 and note 5. on verb 'tshol 'to look for'འཚོས་ འཚོས་DK. ཚོས་DK. འཚོས་[CD]. འཚོས་DK.ཚོས་DK.(Hoshi 2003). [To cook, boil thoroughly] CD. To be fully cooked, to be saturated with water, to be absorbed in liquors, to be fully indebted DK. 1. To understand, comprehend. 2. To sink in. 3. To be disoriented (Hoshi 2003). Compare ཚོས་.འཚོས་2'tshos ND. gives as the present of བཤོ་.
ཛ་མཛངས་ མཛངས་LZ, [TC]. མཛངས་LZ. མཛངས་LZ.མཛངས་LZ.བློ་གྲོས་དང་རྣམ་དཔྱོད་སོགས་ LZ. (archaic) To end, finish TC.མཛད་ མཛད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཛད་LZ, DK, DS, TC. མཛད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.མཛོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དཔུང་གཉེན་སོགས་ LZ. (honorific) To do CD. To do, to act DK. (honorific) To do, to work DS. (honorific) To do TC.མཛའ་ མཛའ་LZ, CD, ND, DK. མཛའ་LZ, ND, DK. མཛའ་LZ, DK.མཛའ་LZ, DK. ཨྀ ND.TC.DS, TC.གཉེན་སོགས་དང་ LZ. To be amicable, to love as friends or kinsmen do CD. To love, to be amicable DK.མཛེར་མཛེར་CD. gives as the present of འཛེར་1མཛེས་ མཛེས་LZ. མཛེས་LZ. མཛེས་LZ.མཛེས་LZ.(Hoshi 2003).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མིག་སྣར་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To ornament, to be beautiful (Hackett 2003).འཛག་1 ཟགས་LZ. འཛག་CD, DS, TC. གཟགས་LZ, CD. ཟགས་ CD, DS. ཟག་ TC. གཟག་LZ, CD. ཟག་ [CD]. འཛག་ DS, TC.ཟགས་LZ. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཚག་CD, (Chang 1971: viii.16)སྣོད་སོགས་ནས་མར་ LZ. To drop, drip, trickle, leak, run out CD. For a liquid to fall down DS. To fall, drip, seep TC. Compare ཟག་, གཟག་.འཛག་2 འཛག་LZ. འཛགས་LZ. འཛག་LZ.འཛགས་LZ.ས་བོན་དང་བཅུད་སོགས་ LZ.འཛད་ འཛད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཟད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཛད་LZ, DS, TC.འཛོད་LZ. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཟླ་ངོ་དང་བསོད་ནམས་སོགས་ LZ. To go down, dwindle, be consumed, to come to and end CD. To finish, perfect DS. To reach and end, finish, perfect TC. Compare ཟད་.འཛབ་ འཛབ་CD, DK. ཛབས་DK. ཛབ་DK.འཛབས་DK. To count on the beads, to mutter charms, to pronounce CD. To recite mantras, to repeat, mutter mantras DK.འཛབ་འཛབ་CD. gives as the present of གཟབ་.འཛའ་ གཟོན་ND. འཛའ་ DS, TC. གསོན་ (DS). ཟ་ (TC). ཟོས་ND, DS, TC. འཛའ་ND, TC. ཟ་ DS. གཟན་ (DS)ཟོས་ND. གཟོན་ DS. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS. TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆུད་དུ་ ND. To waste DS. To go to waste TC. Compare གཟོན་, གསོན་, གཟན་.འཛའ་2འཛའ་ND. gives as the present of ཟ་3འཛར་1 འཛར་DK, DS, TC. བཟར་DS. ཛར་ DK. འཛར་TC. འཛར་DK, TC. གཟར་DS.ཛརད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). གཟར་NWH. To hang down, to be left DK. For water to slowly drip from wet wool which is hung up DS. To hang down TC.འཛར་2 འཛར་CD. 1. To take dinner at midday. 2. To dress carelessly, or in a loose manner, to huddle on clothes or rags CD.འཛར་3འཛར་CD, DS. give as the present to གཟར་འཛི་ འཛི་CD, DS. འཛི་[DS]. འཛི་[DS].DS. 1. To be busy about, to be engaged in, to be taken up with, absorbed by anything. 2. To abstain from, to be abstinent, temperate (Sch.) CD. To abstain, quite, be temperate DS.འཛིང་ འཛིང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཛིངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཛིངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཛིངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hackett 2003).དགྲ་ཟུན་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. To dispute, quarrel, contend with, wrestle, struggle with CD. To dispute, to quarrel, to fight, to struggle DK. To fight, quarrel DS. To fight TC.འཛིང་ འཛིངས་DS. འཛིང་ TC. འཛིངས་[DS], TC. འཛིངས་[DS]. འཛིང་ TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To mix, juxtapose, intertwine DS. To mix, shake, be agitated TC. Compare གཟིང་.འཛིན་ འཛིན་KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཛིནད་(see note) TD, LZ. བཟུང་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, (ND), DK, DS, TC. བཟུངས་ TD, ND. ཟུམ་CD (in West). གཟུང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཟུངས་ (ND).ཟུངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཟུང་ TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཟིན་(Gyurme 1992: 261)ལན་པས་ TD. བློ་དང་ལག་ཏུ་ LZ. ལག་པས་ ND. (frequently requiring ནས་ attached to the object seized) To lay hold of, to seize, grasp CD. To hold, keep DK. To take an object (with hands, claws &c.) DS. 1. To hold. 2. To take, seize TC. attestations of འཛིནད་ given by (Shafer 1951: 1028), originally this was two verbs འཛིན་, pf. ཟིན་ and *ཟུང་, བཟུང་, according to(Bielmeier 2004: 404), Compare ཟིན་, གཟུང་.འཛིར་ འཛིར་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཛིར་DK. འཛིར་ [DS], TC. འཛིར་DK, [DS], TC.ཛིརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཚིར་(Chang 1971: viii.16-17). To trickle off, to let drip CD. To trickle down, drip DK. To drip down from a hole or crack DS. To drip TC.འཛུ་ འཛུ་CD. འཛུས་CD. To catch at, to seize on. 2. To enter (Sch.) CD.འཛུགས་ འཛུག་KYT, KYN. འཛུགས་ TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཟུག་ (CD). བཙུག་KYT, KYN. བཙུགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཟུགས་(CD). གཟུགས་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, DK, TC. གཟུག་ KYN, ND, DS.ཚུགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 292), (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 292), (Hackett 2003).འཚུགས་CD,(Chang 1971: viii.19), (Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 261).ཤིང་དང་སྲོལ་སོགས་ TD. རྒྱལ་མཚན་སོགས་ LZ. སྲོལ་སོགས་ ND. 1. To thrust a stick into, push down, to set a plant in the ground, to set down, to set up a pillar, to raise (a standard). 2. To establish, found, settle, introduce. 3. To sting (like nettles), to prick CD. 1. To plant. 2. To firmly put at the foot or peak of a thing. 3. To newly establish. 4. (with 'go) To start an action. 5. (with a weapon) To jab, strike, prick. 6. To accuse DS.(Hahn 1995: 142) suggests that a secondary form of gzug(s) གཙུག་ is the first member of the noun གཙུག་ལག་. Compare also གཙུག་.འཛུགས་2 འཛུགས་ CD. gives as the present of ཟུག་.འཛུད་ འཛུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཙུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཟུད་ CD. གཟུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཚུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཛུད་ (DK). ཟུད་ DS.CD, ND, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཚུད་CD,(Chang 1971: viii.20), (Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 261).ནང་དུ་ LZ, ND. To put, to lead, to guide, to induce, to insert CD. To insert, to put in, admit it DK. To put into, cause to go DS. To make go in TC.འཛུམ་ འཛུམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསུམ་ CD. འཛུམ་LZ, ND, [DS]. འཛུམས་DK, TC. འཛུམ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཛུམ་LZ. ཨྀ [ND]. འཛུམས་DK, TC.[ND].TC.DS.TC.ཞལ་དང་ཉམས་སོགས་ LZ. To smile CD. To smile, to part the lips slightly DK. To smile, laugh a bit DS. To smile, laugh a little TC.འཛུམས་ འཛུམ་CD, TC. འཚུམས་ND. འཛུམས་DK. འཚུམ་DS. བཙུམ་CD, (DK). བཙུམས་ ND, DK, DS,TC. གཟུམ་CD, DK. བཙུམ་ ND, DS, TC.ཚུམ་CD. ཚུམས་ ND, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཟུམ་(Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff).མིག་ཁ་སོགས་ ND. To close, shut (eyes, mouth) CD. To close, to shut up, one's mouth, &c. DK. The close (the mouth, eye &c.) DS. To close (mouth, eyes) TC.འཛུར་ འཛུར་LZ, CD, DS, TC. གཟུར་ LZ, (DS). བཟུརད་LZ. བཟུར་ CD, DS, TC. གཟུར་LZ, CD, DS, TC.ཟུརད་LZ. ཟུར་ DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Abl.] (Hahn 1994: 108).རྭ་དང་རལ་ཁ་སོགས་ལས་ (gzur) LZ. མཚོན་ཁ་སོགས་ལས་('dzur) LZ. To give way, to draw back, (of a horse) to shy CD. To avoid, turn away (an arrow &c.) DS. To avoid, shun TC.འཛུར་2 འཛུར་DS. འཛུར་[DS]. འཛུར་[DS].DS. To pass, elapse (time) CD.འཛུལ་ འཛུལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཛུལད་LZ. འཛུལ་[DS], TC. གཟུལ་LZ. འཛུལ་ [DS], TC.ཛུལད་LZ. འཛུལ་TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 281).ཁུང་བུ་དང་འོག་ཏུ་ LZ. To glide, steal out, away CD. To go inside and thus become obfuscated, hidden. 2. To descend into DS. To insert, to place into TC.འཛེག་ འཛེག་ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཛེགས་ND, DK, DS, TC. འཛེག་ND, DK, DS, TC.འཛོགས་ND. འཛེགས་DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྱེན་ལ་ ND. To climb up to ascend, to walk up CD. To climb up, to ascend, to walk up DK. To go from a low place to a high one DS. To go upward TC.འཛེང་ འཛེང་CD. 1. To fight with projectiles, to throw stones. 2. To stick, jut out, to project, to be prominent (Sch.) CD.འཛེད་ འཛེད་CD, ND, DS, TC. བཟེད་CD, ND, DS, TC. འཛེད་ND. བཟེད་ DS, TC.ཟེད་ND, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྣོང་ཁ་ ND. To hold out, forth CD. To take something offered in the palm of a hand, or lip of a vessel DS. To present in the direction of the lip of a vessel TC. Compare གཟེད་.འཛེམ་ འཛེམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཛེམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཛེམ་ND. ཟེམ་(DK). འཛེམ་LZ, DK, TC. གཟེམ་ DS.འཛེམ་LZ. འཛེམས་ DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོ་ནད་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To shrink from, to shun, avoid CD. To be ashamed, to hesitate, to avoid DK. 1. To control, restrict oneself. 2. To shy away, avoid, protect oneself. 3. To be suspicious, careful, concerned DS. 1. To be careful, wary. 2. To be timid, anxious, shy TC.འཛེར་1 འཛེར་CD, DK, DS, TC. མཛེར་ CD. མཛེརད་DK. མཛེར་DK.འཛེརད་DK. (archaic) To say, speak CD. To speak, to say DK. (archaic) To say DS. (archaic) 1. To say. 2. To impose TC. Compare ཟེར་1.འཛེར་2 འཛེར་LZ, DS, TC. འཛེརད་LZ. འཛེར་ [DS]. འཛེར་LZ,[DS].ཟེརད་LZ.DS. འཛེར་མ་སོགས་LZ. (dialect) To pierce, lance DS. (archaic) To pierce TC.འཛེར་3 འཛེརད་DK. འཛེར་CD, TC. ཛེར་DK. འཛེར་ TC. འཛེར་DK, TC.ཛེརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. (archaic) To be horse CD. To be horse, for one's voice to become bad DK. To be unable to speak, speak with difficulty TC.འཛེར་4 འཛེར་ND. འཛེརད་DK. གཙེརད་ND. བཙེརད་ DK. གཙེར་ND. བཙེར་ DK.གཙེརད་ND. ཛེརད་ DK.སྙན་ ND. To cause become horse, to cause to be rough and harsh voice [sic] DK.འཛོམ་ འཛོམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཛོམས་CD. འཛོམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཛོམ་[ND]. འཛོམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཛོམས་LZ, DK, TC. ཨྀ DS.DS.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 318), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 318).མགྲོན་པོ་དང་གཟའ་སྐར་སོགས་ LZ. To come, approach together, to meet, to interlace CD. To come together, to get together, to assemble DK. 1. To gather in one place. 2. To be, have, complete, be full. 3. To meet, encounter, touch DS. 1. To gather, come together. 2. To be complete, full TC.འཛོལ་ འཛོལ་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འཛོལད་LZ. ཛོལ་ DK. འཛོལ་ TC. འཛོལ་LZ, DK, TC.འཛོལད་LZ. ཛོལད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.དོན་དང་བྱ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To mistake. 2. To shake about, to stir, intermix, confuse CD. To be mistaken, to be confused, to fall in a wrong track DK. To make a mistake, be confused, be mistaken TC.རྫི་ རྫི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྫིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྫི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྫིས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྫིས་ CD.CD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC. [Erg. Obl.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228).ཕྱེ་སོགས་དང་རྐང་པས་ LZ. ཟན་དང་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་ ND. To pound, stamp, knead, tread down. 2. To oppress, to distress (Jä) CD. To knead, to pound, stamp, tread down DK. To combine water, or another liquid with something. 2. To push down, subdue, suppress. 3. To harm, injure DS. 1. To stretch, sift, mix, knead. 2. To press down. 3. To hurt, injure TC.རྫུ་ རྫུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྫུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྫུས་ CD. བརྫུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྫུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྫུས་ CD.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS. TC.ཤེས་པ་སོགས་མི་ཤེས་པ་ལྟ་བུར་LZ. གཞན་དུ་ ND. To give a deceptive representation, to make a thing appear different from what it is, to change into, to change (one's self), to be changed CD. To pretend, disguise, feign DK. To change from previous, to appear differently DS. To change, to make something be what it is not TC.རྫུན་ རྫུན་DK. བརྫུནད་DK. བརྫུན་DK.རྫུནད་DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རྫུན་ 'lie, falsehood'NWH. To tell lies, to say something with intention of deceiving, to say the opposite thing DK. To be wrong, to be false (Hackett 2003).རྫེ་ བརྫེ་LZ. རྫེ་CD, NDB, DK, DS, TC. བརྫེས་LZ, CD, NDB, DK, DS, TC. རྫེས་CD. བརྫེ་LZ, CD, NDB, DK, DS, TC.རྫེས་LZ, CD, NDB, DK, DS, TC. བརྫེས་ CD.CD, NDB, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྐྲ་དང་གོས་ཀྱི་མཐའ་སོགས་ LZ. ཡར་ལ་ NDB. 1. To tuck up, truss up (clothes), to cock a hat, to turn up the upper lip (Jä). 2. To threaten (Cs.) CD. To turn up, tuck up, to cock up DK. To roll up, lift up (a flap of cloth &c.) DS. To draw up TC.རྫོགས་ རྫོགས་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྫོགས་DK, [DS], TC. རྫོགས་DK, [DS], TC.རྫོགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To finish, fulfill, to complete, to terminate CD. To be completed, to be included, to finish, to terminate DK. To reach an end, be complete DS. 1. To fill, complete. 2. To end, finish TC.རྫོང་ རྫོང་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྫོངས་ CD. བརྫངས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྫོངས་ CD. བརྫང་KYN, KYNZ gives both brdzang and brdzeng the second certainly a scribal error. TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྫོངས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འགྲོན་པོ་སོགས་ TD. མགྲོན་པོ་སོགས་གཞན་དུ་LZ. ཕར་ལ་གླུང་ NDB. ཕར་ལ་གླུང་སོགས་ NDA. To forward, send off, dispatch, to take along with CD. To send off, send, dispatch, to put in, insert DK. 1. To send, send off, convey, commission (a guest &c.). 2.To put something inside a vessel DS. 1. To banish, expel. 2. To send, dispatch, commission. 3. To insert TC.རྫོད་ རྫོད་LZ, TC. བརྫད་LZ, TC. བརྫད་LZ, TC.རྫོད་LZ, TC.TC. TC.གྲོགས་ངན་སོགས་ LZ. To spoil, stain TC.རྫོབ་ རྫོབ་DK, TC. བརྫབས་DK, TC. བརྫབ་DK, TC.རྫོབས་DK, TC.TC.TC. To appear as a real one, to hide the reality with an artificial appearance, to mix up DK. 1. To add, augment. 2. To conceal, obscure, veil TC.བརྫེ་ བརྫེ་LZ. gives as the present of རྫེ་
ཝ་
ཞ་ཞ་ཞ་DS, TC. give as a present of འཇའ་.ཞག་ཞག་(Gyurme 1992: 261) gives as the present of བཞག་.ཞར་ ཞར་DK, DS, TC. ཞརད་DK. ཞར་ [DS], TC. ཞར་DK, DS, TC.ཞརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To become one-eyed, be defective [on] one side of a pair CD. To go blind, be blinded DS. To go blind, for an eye to be lost or damaged TC.ཞལ་ ཞལ་CD, DS. ཞལ་[DS]. ཞལ་[DS].DS. To plaster with lime or cement, to plaster, or overlay with anything (e.g. butter) CD. To spread (mud &c.) thickly DS.ཞི་ ཞི་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞི་DK, [DS], TC. ཞི་DK, [DS], TC.ཞི་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be peaceful, calm, to be pacified, be appeased, to settle be allayed, assuaged &c. 2. To be wise, dispassionate CD. To be, become peaceful, to subdue, make without DK. To disappear DS To diminish, fade away TC.ཞུ་ ཞུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཞུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཞུ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཞུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཀའ་ཆོས་སོགས་ LZ. གནང་ ND. (used chiefly in addressing one's superiors and also in politeness between equals) To ask, request, beg, petition CD. To inform, request, receive, send DK. To speak a hope, wish &c. to superiors DS. 1. To speak to superiors. 2. To pour, to take (e.g. tea) TC.ཞུ་2 ཞུ་TC. ཞུ་TC. ཞུ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཇུ་(Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff). To melt, become liquid TC.ཞུ་3ཞུ་LZ. gives as the present of འཇུ་ཞུགས་ ཞུགས་DS. ཞུགས་[DS]. ཞུགས་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS.འཇུག་2 (Gyurme 1992: 259). 1. To fit into (e.g. a crowd). 2. To mix inside. 3. To support, link. 4. To follow after DS.ཞུད་ ཞུད་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞུད་DK, [DS], TC. ཞུད་DK, [DS], TC.ཞུད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. 1. [To be] emaciated, to be reduced, to fall, to be weak, grow weak, to dwindle. 2. To twine, to twist, to spin (Cs.). 3. To hang up, to suspend (in Tsang) CD. To decay, to decline DK. To become small, thin, emaciated DS. 1. To hang down, bend down. 2. To deteriorate, to weaken TC.ཞུམ་ ཞུམ་CD, DS, TC. འཇུམས་DK. ཞུམ་DK, [DS], TC. འཇུམ་DK. ཞུམ་[DS], TC.ཞུམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) To cry, weep, lament CD, DS. To become physically weak; to become timid, cowardly DK. To be cowardly TC. This is also written ཤུམ་DS.ཞུར་ ཞུར་LZ. བཞུར་LZ. བཞུར་LZ.ཞུརད་LZ.མེས་ LZ. Compare བཞུར་, and གཞུར་.ཞུལ་ ཞུལ་DS. ཞུལ་[DS]. ཞུལ་[DS]. To become fewer, less (blotted, swollen &c.) DS.ཞེད་ ཞེད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ཞེད་LZ, DK, TC. བཞེད་ [CD]. ཞེད་LZ, DK, TC.ཞེད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.ཡིད་ལ་ LZ. To fear, be afraid CD. To be frightened, to fear DK. To fear TC.ཞེན་ ཞེན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཞེནད་LZ, DK. ཞེན་[DS], TC. ཞེན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཞེནད་LZ, DK. ཞེན་ [DS], TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] CD, (Hackett 2003).ཡོ་བྱད་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. (used with la) To desire, to long for, to be attached to, to have affection for CD. To have attachment, to long for DK. To crave, to cherish. 2. (of a question &c.) To be hard to answer DS. To like, to love TC.ཞོགས་ ཞོགས་DS. ཞོགས་[DS]. ཞོགས་[DS]. For many creatures to be startled and flee DS.ཞོགས་2ཞོགས་LZ. gives as the present of འཇོག་2ཞོན་ ཞོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཞོནད་LZ, DK. བཞོན་ DS, TC. བཞོན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཞོནད་LZ, DK. ཞོན་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Byams pa rdo rje 1996), (Zeisler forthcoming: 31). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003), (Zeisler forthcoming: 31).རྟ་སོགས་ LZ. To ride, mount (A.K. 1-8) CD. To ride, to sit on a horse DK. To ride (a horse, yak, bicycle &c.) DS. To ride TC.ཞོམ་ འཇོམ་DK. ཞོམ་DS, TC. ཞོམ་DK, [DS], TC. འཇོམ་DK. ཞོམ་[DS], TC.ཞོམས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཇོམས་NWH. To go down, sink down; to be subsided, become under control DK. For a thing with a bulbous form to crumble down, fall apart DS. For a vessel to become flawed, broken TC.གཞགས་ གཞགས་DK, [TC]. བཞགས་ DK, [TC]. གཞགས་DK.གཞགས་DKND. To beautify, ornament DK. To ornament, be beautiful [TC].གཞབས་ གཞབས་LZ, [TC]. གཞབ་ CD, DS. བཞབས་LZ, DS. གཞབས་LZ. གཞབ་ DS.གཞབས་LZ. གཞབས་ DS.DS.DS.ཆས་རྒྱན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. 1. To rub, touch with the hand. 2. To lick (Sch.) CD. To collect in one place many small things which are scattered on the surface of liquid (e.g. butter from milk) DS. To ornament, be beautiful [TC].གཞམ་གཞམ་DK. gives as the present to འཇམ་.གཞའ་1 གཞའ་DS. གཞའ་[DS]. གཞའ་[DS].DS. To have difficulty recovering from a wound DS.གཞའ་2 གཞའ་DS, [TC]. བཞའ་ (DS). གཞའ་[DS]. བཞའ་ [(DS)]. གཞའ་[DS]. བཞའ་[(DS)].DS. To hide DS. (archaic) To hide TC.གཞའ་3 གཞའ་CD, [TC]. 1. To sport, joke, play, bowl. 2. To believe, trust, confide in CD. (archaic) To delight, be content TC.གཞའ་4གཞའ་DS. gives as a present to བཞའ་གཞར་ བཞར་LZ, ND, CD, TC. གཞར་DK, DS, TC. བཞརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཞར་ DS, TC. བཞར་LZ, ND, DK, TC. གཞར་ DS, TC.བཞོར་LZ. ཞོརད་ND. ཨྀND. གཞརད་DK. གཞོར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC. སྐྲ་སོགས་LZ, (zhord) ND. སྐྲ་(-) ND. To shave, shear CD. To shave, cut DK. 1. To shave. 2. To scrape the surface of something DS. 1. To shave. 2. To scrape (gzhar) TC. To cut, shave (bzhar) TC.གཞིག་ གཞིག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཞིགས་ CD. གཞིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. གཞིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གཞིག་LZ, DS. གཞིགས་ DK, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བདེན་རྫུན་གྱི་དོན་སོགས་ LZ. To make minute inquiry of every point, to investigate, to examine CD. To consider, to be in accordance with DK. To analyze DS. To analyze, examine TC. Root given as gig < *gzyig < *gzig(s) cf. gzigs see, look (Beyer 1992: 84).གཞིབ་ གཞིབ་LZ, CD, DK. གཞིབས་LZ, DK. གཞིབ་LZ, DK.ཞིབས་LZ. གཞིབས་ DK.གོ་རིམ་དང་གྲལ་སོགས་ LZ. To put, lay in order (Jä) CD. To associate closely, to stay together, to have a close relation DK.གཞུ་ གཞུ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. གཞུས་LZ, DS, TC. གཞུ་LZ, DS, TC.གཞུས་LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ལྕག་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To strike, lash CD. To strike beat DS. To throw, strike, beat TC.གཞུག་ གཞུག་LZ. བཅུག་LZ. གཞུག་LZ.ཆུག་LZ.བསྟན་པ་དང་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. Compare འཇུག་.གཞུང་ གཞུང་CD. གཞུངས་CD. To attend, to be heedful CD.གཞུད་ གཞུད་CD. To go, walk, put into (Sch.) CD.གཞུན་ གཞུན་DK. བཞུནད་DK. བཞུན་DK.གཞུནད་DK. To be very active and attentive, to obey without resistance, to listen to whatever is told DK.གཞུར་1 གཞུར་ CD, DK, TC. བཞུར་TC. བཞུརད་ DK. གཞུར་ TC. བཞུར་TC. བཞུར་ DK, TC. གཞུར་ TC.གཞུརད་ DK. གཞུར་ TC. བཞུར་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To shear, shave, cut of (Jä) CD. To shave DK. To cut, carve (gzhur) TC. To sheer, cut, split (bzhur) TC. Compare གཞར་.གཞུར་2 ཞུར་LZ. བཞུར་ CD, TC. གཞུར་ DK, DS. བཞུརད་LZ, DK. བཞུར་DS, TC. བཞུར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཞུརད་LZ. གཞུརད་ DK. གཞུར་DS. བཞུར་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.མེས་ LZ. To strain, filter (Sch.) CD. To strain, filter, purify DK. To clean, purify (impure water &c.) DS. To strain, purify TC.གཞེན་ གཞེན་LZ, CD. གཞེནད་LZ. གཞེན་LZ.གཞེན་LZ. To light, kindle, inflame (Sch.) CD.གཞེར་ གཞེར་LZ, CD. གཞེརད་LZ. གཞེར་LZ.གཞེར་LZ. བཤེས་གཉེན་དམ་པ་སོགས་LZ. To rely on, serve CD.གཞེས་ གཞེས་LZ, CD. གཞེས་LZ. གཞེས་LZ.གཞེས་LZ.དུས་དང་ཡུན་དུ་LZ. 1. To be well, to prosper. 2. (honorific) To sit, stay wait (Jä) CD.གཞོག་ གཞོག་ND, DS. བཞོག་ CD. བཞོགས་ND, DS. བཞོག་ND. གཞོག་ DS.ཞོགས་ND. གཞོགས་ DS.DS.DS.ཤིང་སོགས་ ND. To cut at, to chip CD. To slice (with a knife &c.) DS.གཞོབ་ གཞོབ་DS, TC. གཞོབ་[DS], TC. གཞོབ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS.TC. To burn hair with fire DS. To burn TC.གཞོམ་1 གཞོམ་LZ. བཅོམ་LZ. གཞོམ་LZ.ཆོམས་LZ.རྣམ་རྟོག་དང་གྲོང་སོགས་ LZ. Compare འཇོམས་.གཞོམ་2 གཞོམ་CD. གཞོམས་CD. To be split, cracked, bruised, dinted CD.གཞོལ་ གཞོལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བཞོལད་DK. གཞོལ་ [DS], TC. བཞོལ་DK. གཞོལ་ [DS], TC.གཞོལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To flow down, alight, dismount CD. To come down, dismount DS. To descend, go down, dismount TC.གཞོལ་ གཞོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཞོལད་LZ, DK. ཞོལ་ (DK). གཞོལ་ [DS], TC. གཞོལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཞོལ་LZ, TC. གཞོལད་ DK.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ཆོས་ཉིད་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To comprehend, fathom, remain fixed absorbed in. 2. To be low, open out to CD. To enter, undergo DK. To strive, exert DS. 1. To strive. 2. To enter, remain TC.བཞག་ བཞག་CD, ND. ཞག་ (Gyurme 1992: 261). བཞག་ND.ཨྀND.ND.CD.གཤོག་(Gyurme 1992: 261). 1. To tear, wear (of cloth). 2. (in Central and West) To burst, crack, split (Jä) CD. To be split, cut, to cleave (Gyurme 1992: 261).བཞད་1 བཞད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཞད་ (Jä) བཞད་ND, DK, [DS], TC. བཞད་DK, [DS], TC.བཞད་DK. བཞོད་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To laugh, smile (Jä) CD. To laugh, smile DK. (honorific) To laugh DS, TC.བཞད་2 བཞད་CD, ND, DK, DS, [TC]. བཞད་ND, DK, [DS]. བཞད་DK, [DS].བཞད་DK. DS. To blossom, to develop like a flower (Yig 48) CD. To blossom, grow, develop DK. For the mouth of a flower to open DS. (dialect) For the mouth to open (e.g. a flower) [TC].བཞམས་བཞམས་CD, [DS]. give for འཇམ་བཞའ་ བཞའ་DS, [TC]. གཞའ་ DS. བཞའ་[DS]. གཞའ་[DS]. བཞའ་[DS]. གཞའ་[DS].DS. To moisten, wet DS, TC.བཞར་བཞར་LZ, ND, CD, TC. give as the present of གཞར་བཞུ་བཞུ་CD, TC. give as the present of འཇུ་.བཞུགས་ བཞུགས་LZ, ND, CD, DS, TC. བཞུགས་LZ, [ND], [DS], TC. བཞུགས་LZ, [DS], TC.བཞུགས་LZ, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གདན་ཁྲི་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. (honorific) 1. To sit. 2. To dwell, reside. 3. To remain, stay, exit. 4. (of books) To be recorded in, to be contained CD. (honorific) To sit, remain, live DS. (honorific) To stay, sit, remain TC.བཞུད་ བཞུད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཇུད་ DK. བཞུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. བཞུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཞུད་LZ, TC. འཇུད་DK.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.རང་གནས་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. (honorific) To start, depart, go away CD. To journey, to set off DK. To go, travel DS. To come, arrive TC.བཞུར་ བཞུར་DS. བཞུར་[DS]. བཞུར་[DS].DS. To fall, drip DS.བཞུར་2བཞུར་TC. gives as the present of གཞུར་.བཞུར་3བཞུར་ CD, TC.give as the present of གཞུར་2བཞེང་ བཞེང་CD, ND, DK, DS. བཞེངས་ TC. བཞེངས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཞེང་ND, DK, DS. བཞེངས་ TC.བཞེངས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གདན་ནས་ ND. (honorific) To raise, erect, set up, to manufacture, compose (Jä) CD. To erect, to make DK. 1. To erect, make. 2. (honorific) To sing a song DS. (honorific) To newly make, erect. 2. (honorific) To raise, set, establish. 3. (honorific) To sing a song TC.བཞེང་ བཞེངས་LZ, CD, TC. བཞེང་ DK, DS, (TC). བཞེངས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཞེངས་ LZ, TC. བཞེང་ND, DK, DS, (TC). བཞེངས་ LZ, DK. ཨྀ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.གནས་སོགས་ནས་ LZ. གདན་ལས་ ND. (honorific) To rise, get up CD. To rise DK. To get up, rise DS. (honorific) To get up, rise TC.བཞེད་ བཞེད་CD, ND, DS, TC. བཞེད་ND, [DS], TC. བཞེད་[DS], TC.བཞེད་TC. ཨྀ ND.ND.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) 1. To wish, desire. 2. To propose, maintain, state, assert. 3. To accept, take CD. To promise, assert DS. 1. (honorific) To promise. 2. (honorific) To desire. 3. To know, understand TC.བཞེས་ བཞེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཞེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. བཞེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཞེས་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137).མཆོད་པ་སོགས་ LZ. (honorific) 1. To take, receive, accept, seize, confiscate. 2. To take, to eat (Jä) CD. To take, eat, put on, wear DK. (honorific) 1. To eat, drink. 2. (honorific) To promise. 3. To undertake, accept, take for one's own DS. 1. (honorific) To eat, drink, wear. 2. (honorific) To carry, take. 3. (honorific) To think TC.བཞེས་2 བཞེས་DS. བཞེས་[DS]. བཞེས་[DS].DS. To arrive DS.བཞོག་བཞོག་ CD. gives as the present to གཞོག་.
ཟ་ཟ་1 ཟ་DK, TC. ཟ་DK, TC. ཟ་DK, TC.ཟ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To itch DK. To become itchy TC.ཟ་2 ཟ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཟས་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ཟོས་ (LZ), CD, ND, DS. བཟའ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཟོ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ཟོས་ CD, DK. CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hackett 2003).ཤ་དང་ཚོན་མ་སོགས་ LZ. ཟས་སོགས་ ND. To eat CD. To eat, to have food DK. To enjoy food DS. [To eat] TC.(Stein 1942: 205) suggests a relationship with the following words: བཟའ་ or གཟའ་ 'food', ཟླ་ 'companion', ཟ་ (in Dunhuang texts) 'woman', གཟའ་ (in Gesar) 'planetary demon', གཟན་ 'to devour, to feed'. To these I add the obvious ཟས་ 'food'. ཟ་3 འཛའ་ND. ཟ་DS, TC. ཟོས་ND, DS. བཟས་ TC. བཟའ་ND. ཟ་DS, TC.ཟོ་ND. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རྣམ་རྟོག་ND. To appear, arise DS,TC. The placement of ND here cannot be certain.ཟག་ ཟག་LZ, DS, TC. ཟག་LZ, [DS]. ཟགས་ TC. ཟག་LZ, [DS], TC.ཟག་LZ. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཕུང་ཁམས་སོགས་ LZ. To become torn, punctured (with a small hole) DS. To fall TC. Compare འཚག་, འཛག་, གཟགས་.ཟགས་ཟགས་LZ. gives as the present of འཛག་.ཟད་ ཟད་DS. ཟད་[DS]. ཟད་[DS].DS. 1. To finish, end. 2. To indent, leave a mark on top of something DS. Compare འཛད་.ཟན་ ཟན་DK. བཟནད་DK. བཟན་DK.ཟནད་DK. To eat, to have food DK. Compare གཟན་.ཟབ་ཟབ་ND. gives as the present of གཟབ་ཟིང་ ཟིང་TC. ཟིང་TC. ཟིང་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To horripilate TC, (Goldstein 2001). To bear the teeth (Duff). To be disheveled (of the hair) (Goldstein 2001). Compare གཟིང་.ཟིན་1 ཟིན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཟིནད་LZ, DK. ཟིན་ [DS], TC. ཟིན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཟིནད་LZ. ཟིན་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003). (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Instr.] (Hackett 2003).འཛིན་(Gyurme 1992: 261).བཤེས་གཉེན་དང་རང་བློ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To commit to memory. 2. To terminate, be at the end, conclude, be exhausted, be consumed. 3. To be finished, terminated CD. To reach, touch, fall on DK. 1. To obtain having taken. 2. To memorize. 3. To arrive. 4. To suffix, be a suffix to. 5. To know the characteristics of, recognize, discriminate DS. 1. To know well, be certain of. 2. To have been taken, to have taken effect TC. Compare note at ཟིན་.ཟིན་2ཟིན་CD, DS.Used in older writings as a perfect affix like tshar denoting that the action is complete and finished CD. If suffixed to the past stem of a verb, it shows the action is finished, complete DS. Helps show the meaning 'finished' TC.ཟུག་ འཛུགས་ CD. ཟུག་ (CD), DS, TC. བཙུགས་CD. ཟུགས་(CD). ཟུག་[DS], TC. ཟུག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 243), (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 243). (mostly figurative) To bore, force itself into, penetrate, take hold of, permeate CD. 1. To be ill. 2. To penetrate by piercing the outer part of something. 3. To bark DS. 1. To pierce, make a hole. 2. To chew, gnaw (for a dog) TC.ཟུབ་ ཟུབ་DK, TC. ཟུབས་DK. ཟུབ་ TC. ཟུབ་DK, TC.ཟུབས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. སུབ་(Gyurme 1992: 261). To vanish, disappear DK. To block, to vanish, become hidden TC.ཟུམ་ ཟུམ་CD, DS, TC. ཟུམ་[DS], TC. ཟུམ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འཛུམ་(Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff). To close, shut up CD. For the petals of a flower to gather together DS. To close up TC. Compare སུམ་.ཟུམ་2ཟུམ་LZ, (DS)give as the present to སུམ་ཟེགས་1 ཟེགས་DS. ཟེགས་[DS]. ཟེགས་[DS].DS. To fall, to be individually scattered in small pieces DS.ཟེགས་2 ཟེགས་DS. ཟེགས་[DS]. ཟེགས་[DS].DS. To chip a tooth on a small piece of stone or earth inside of food DS.ཟེམ་ ཟེམ་DS. ཟེམ་[DS]. ཟེམ་[DS].DS. To be meek, timid, humble DS.ཟེར་1 ཟེར་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཟེརད་DK. ཟེར་ [DS], TC. ཟེར་DK, [DS], TC.ཟེརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). (later literature and colloquial) To say CD. To say, tell, speak DK. To say DS, TC. Compare འཛེར་.ཟེར་2 ཟེར་CD, DS. ཟེར་ [DS]. ཟེར་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS.[Obl. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). (later literature and colloquial) To be named, called CD. To be called, to be named, have the name DS.ཟོན་ ཟོན་DK. ཟོནད་DK. ཟོན་DK.ཟོནད་DK. To be careful, to be alert DK.ཟླ་ ཟླ་LZ, CD. ཟློ་ ND, TC. བཟླས་LZ, CD, TC. འདས་ND. བཟླ་LZ, TC. འདའ་ ND. བཟླའ་ (ND).ཟློ་LZ. ཟློས་ ND, TC.TC.DS, TC.མྱ་ངན་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. མཉ་མགན་ལས་ ND. (undoubtedly a less correct spelling for འདའ་) To pass, to get beyond (Jä) CD. To free, pass beyond TCཟླུག་1 ཟླུག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཟླུགས་ CD. བཟླུགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཟླུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཟླུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་བྱ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. To send word, to report, inform, inquire, ask CD. To question, interrogate DK. (archaic) To call, summon, request DS. To ask, request TC.ཟླུག་2 ཟླུག་CD, DK, TC. ཟླུགས་ CD. བཟླུགས་DK, TC. བཟླུག་DK, TC.ཟླུག་DK, TC.TC. TC.ལྡུག་NWH. To pour into, to cast, put in CD. To pour in DK. To pour TC. Compare ལུག་/ལུགས་.ཟླུག་3 ཟླུག་DS, TC. བཟླུགས་TC. བཟླུག་TC.ཟླུག་TC.TC.TC. (archaic) To do, promise DS. (archaic) To do TC.ཟླུམ་ ཟླུམ་TD, (LZ), ND, DK, DS, TC. ཟླུམས་ LZ. བཟླུམས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཟླུམ་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཟླུམས་TD, LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཟླུམ་ ND.TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ཏུ་ TD. ཚོགས་པ་དང་དབྱེན་སོགས་ LZ. གཅིག་ཏུ་ ND. To bring together, conclude DK. To reconcile DS. 1. To roll up, bring together. 2. To reconcile, be agreeable TC. Compare སྡུམ་.ཟློ་1 ཟློ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཟླ་ CD. འདོ་ CD. བཟླས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཟློས་ CD. བཟླ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཟླས་ (LZ see note). བླཟོ་ CD.ཟློས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. ལོ་ 'statement, report' (Hahn 1999: 124).སྔགས་སོགས་ TD. ལྷའི་སྔགས་སོགས་ LZ. སྔགས་དང་ལེན་ ND. 1. To say tell express. 2. To murmur. 3. To answer, reply (Jä) CD. To recite, repeat DK. To say, pronounce a phrase again and again DS. 1. To pronounce again and again. 2. To say, speak TC.Although many have བཟླས་བྱའི་སྔགས་ཀྱིས་ this spelling is not correct, but བཟླས་བྱ་ does occur in the sense 'to think, ponder, know' LZ. (Beyer 1992: 77) gives the variation between འདོ་ and ཟློ་ as evidence of the sound change zl lzld'd but he likely relies too heavily on CD. Also compare ཟློས་.ཟློ་2 ཟློ་DS. ཟློས་ DS. ཟློ་ DS.ཟློས་DS.DS. DS. To perform in a dance DS.ཟློག་ ཟློག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཟློག་LZ, TC. ཟློགས་ CD. བཟློགས་ ND, DK, DS. བཟློག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཟློག་LZ, TC. ཟློགས་ ND, DK, DS.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལྡོག་CD.གནོད་འཚེ་སོགས་LZ. ཕར་ལ་ ND. 1. To cause to return, to drive back, repulse, expel, send back. 2. To send to fetch something. 3. To cause to turn, to divert (e.g. the mind, attention) CD. To turn out, to return, to get rid of DK. To move back, return DS. To stop, make to turn outside, drive away TC.ཟློས་ ཟློ་LZ. ཟློས་ CD, DK, DS, TC. བཟློས་LZ, DK. ཟློས་ [DS], TC. བཟློ་LZ, DK. ཟློས་ [DS], TC.ཟློས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.གཏམ་སོགས་LZ. To repeat a charm, spell CD. To repeat, to do the same thing again and again DK. To repeat DS. 1. To arise, spread, emanate. 2. To repeat TC. Compare ཟློ་.གཟགས་ གཟགས་TC. གཟགས་TC. གཟགས་TC.གཟོགས་TC.TC. TC. To spill, drip out from the force of moving to and fro TC. Compare འཚག་, འཛག་, ཟག་.གཟན་ གཟན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཟནད་LZ, DK. གཟན་ [DS], TC. གཟན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཟན་LZ. གཟནད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.ལུས་སྲོག་ལ་ LZ. 1. To devour, consume, pick out. 2. To worry CD. 1. To harm. 2. To be careful DK. For feeling, sensation in the mind not to come, arise DS. To harm, threaten TC.(Stein 1942: 205) compares གཟན་ 'devour, feed' with ཟ་ 'eat', བཟ་ / གཟ་ 'food, wife' ཟ་ (Dunhuang) 'woman' and གཟའ་ (Gesar) 'planetary demon'. Compare ཟ་2.གཟབ་ གཟབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བཟབ་ LZ. གཟབས་ CD. འཛབ༼ས CD. ཟབ་ ND. གཟོབ་ DK, (DS), TC. གཟབས་LZ, ND, TC. བཟབ་DK. བཟབས་LZ,DS. གཟབ་LZ, ND, (DS), TC. བཟབ་ LZ, DK, DS.གཟོབ་LZ. བཟོབ་ LZ. གཟོབས་ CD, NDB, DS, TC. གཟབས་ DK, NDA.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཆོས་སྤོང་སོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་ལ་༼གཟབ༽ LZ. གྲིབ་དང་སྟབས་སོགས་ LZ. མགྲོན་ལ་ ND. To use care, diligence, beware (gzab)CD. To strive, endeavor, to be studious, to give diligence (Sch.) ('dzab[s])CD. To put up one's best, to do carefully DK. To concentrate, be careful, wary DS. To do very well (gzab)TC. To be careful with the mind focused (gzob) TC.གཟའ་ གཟའ་DS. གཟས་DS. གཟའ་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To start, begin, prepare DS. Compare གཟས་.གཟར་ གཟར་LZ, TC. འཛར་CD, DS. བཟརད་LZ. བཟར་CD, DS. གཟར་ TC. གཟར་LZ, CD, DS, TC.གཟརད་LZ. གཟེར་ DS. གཟར་ TC.DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཛར་NWH.བླ་གོས་སོགས་ཕྲག་པར་ LZ. To suspend, to hang up, to fling across or over one's shoulder CD. To make hang down DS. To hang over, cover TC.གཟས་ གཟས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཟས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. གཟས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཟས་LZ, DK, TC.TC.DS.TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དབྱུག་པ་སོགས་ LZ. (used with terminative case of the infinitive) 1. To set about, to be on the point, to prepare for. 2. To brandish CD. To raise something for hitting, to prepare, to give DK. To aim for a goal DS. To start, begin, prepare TC. Compare གཟའ་.གཟིགས་1 གཟིགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཟིགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. གཟིགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཟིགས་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Obl.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). སྤྱན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. 1. (honorific)To look, see to, regard. 2. To give, grant. 3. To accept, take CD. To look, look after DK. (honorific) To look DS. 1. (honorific) To look. 2. (honorific) To examine, understand TC. To look at (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159).གཟིགས་2 གཟིགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཟིགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. གཟིགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཟིགས་LZ, DK, TC.TC. (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hackett 2003).སྤྱན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. 1. (honorific) To see CD. To see DK. (honorific) To see DS. 1. (honorific) To see. 2. (honorific) To examine, understand TC. To see (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159).གཟིགས་3 གཟིགས་CD, TC. གཟིགས་TC. གཟིགས་TC.གཟིགས་TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). (honorific) To buy CD. (honorific) To buy TC.གཟིང་ གཟིང་DK, TC. བཟིངས་DK. གཟིངས་ TC. བཟིང་DK. གཟིང་ TC.གཟིངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To cause to bristle; to cause to be disorderly DK. To become disorderly, messed up (of hair) TC. (Jä) gives འཛིངས་, གཟིང་ (used with སྐྲ་, rarely with མགོ་) 'bristly, rugged, shaggy', compare also ཟིང་, གཟེང་, and འཛིང་.གཟིམ་ གཟིམས་LZ, TC. གཟིམ་ CD, ND, DK, DS, (TC). གཟིམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཟིམས་LZ, DK, TC. གཟིམ་ ND, DS, (TC).གཟིམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS. TC.མལ་དུ་ LZ, ND. To sleep, to fall asleep CD. To sleep DK. (honorific) To fall asleep, lie down on a bed DS. (honorific) To lie down TC.གཟིར་ གཟིར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཟིརད་LZ. བཟིརད་ DK. གཟིར་ [DS]. TC. གཟིར་LZ, [DS], TC. བཟིར་ TC.གཟིར་LZ, TC. གཟིརད་ DK.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དྲག་སྔགས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To suffer, be afflicted, harassed, troubled CD. To harm, hit, aim for hitting DK. To suffer, endure DS. 1. To suffer, be troubled, afflicted. 2. To ready, aim to strike TC. Compare འཛིར་.གཟུང་ གཟུང་LZ. བཟུང་LZ. གཟུང་LZ.ཟུངས་LZ.བདག་པོ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. Compare of འཛིན་, and the note thereto.གཟུར་གཟུར་ LZ, (DS). give as the present of འཛུར་གཟེང་ གཟེང་DS. གཟིང་ (DS). གཟེངས་ TC. གཟེངས་DS, TC. གཟེང་DS. གཟིང་ (DS). གཟེངས་ TC.ཨྀDS.གཟེངས་TC.DS.TC.DS, TC. To horripilate DS. To stretch, lift up TC. Compare འཛིང་, ཟིང་, and གཟིང་.གཟེད་ བཟེད་LZ, ND. གཟེད་CD, DS, TC. བཟེད་LZ, ND. གཟེད་[DS], TC. བཟེད་LZ. གཟེད་[DS], TC.བཟེད་LZ. གཟེད་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.སྣོད་སོགས་LZ. 1. To carry. 2. To spit on a stake or spike CD. To hang down a khug so on another extremity, which was hung on an upper extremity DS. To carry TC. Compare འཛེད་.གཟེར་ གཟེར་CD, DS. གཟེར་[DS]. གཟེར་[DS].DS.ཟེར་ 'nail' NWH. 1. To bore into, drive, knock in. 2. To feel pain, to be suffering CD. To begin feeling pain DS.གཟོ་ གཟོ་CD, DS, TC. གཟོས་DS. གཟོ་ TC. གཟོ་DS, TC.གཟོས་DS. གཟོ་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To remember, keep in mind, to show gratitude CD. To repay kindness, be good to, show gratitude DS. To repay a kindness, show gratitude, care for TC. Compare གསོ་.གཟོན་ གསོན་ CD, TC. གཟོན་ ND, TC. གསན་(NDB), DK. གསནད་ND. བསནད་ DK. གཟན་TC. གསན་ TC. གསན་ND, TC. བསན་ DK. གཟན་TC.གསོནད་ND. གསནད་ DK. གཟོན་TC. གསོན་ TC. TC.CD, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)ཆུད་ ND. To wake, to rouse from sleep by shaking, to urge on, to hurry on by force CD. To waste, to make no use of, to use without a good purpose DK. To be wasteful (gzon) TC. To be broken, ruined, useless (gson) TC.གཟོན་2གཟོན་ND. gives as the present to གསན་.གཟོན་3གཟོན་ND. gives as the present to འཛའ་གཟོབ་གཟོབ་ DK, (DS), TC. give as the present of གཟབ་.བཟབ་བཟབ་LZ. gives as the present of བཟི་ བཟི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཟི་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC. བཟི་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཟི་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཆང་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To become drunken, to get intoxicated, stupefied CD. To become intoxicated, to get drunk DK. To be intoxicated, drunk DS, TC.བཟེད་བཟེད་LZ, ND. give as the present of གཟེད་བཟོ་ བཟོ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཟོས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཟོ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.བཟོས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གོས་དང་རྫ་བུམ་སོགས་ LZ. བཟོ་པོས་(bzos) ND. བཟོ་བོས་(-) ND. To make, manufacture CD. To construct, build DS. 1. To build, give form to. 2. To become cheap, defective TC.བཟོད་ བཟོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཟོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. བཟོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཟོད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀའ་སྤྱད་སོགས་ LZ. To suffer, bear, endure, resist. 2. To forgive, pardon CD. To bear, tolerate, endure DK. To be able to endure (e.g. hell) DS. To bear, endure, tolerate, be able TC.བཟོར་ བཟོར་ND. བཟོར་[ND].
འ་འབ་ འབ་DS. འབ་[DS]. འབ་[DS].DS. To bark (of dogs) DS.འུབ་ འུབ་CD, DK, DS. འུབས་DK. འུབ་DK.འུབས་DK. To collect, sweep together, gather together in ones hands (Jä) CD. To be collected, to close, shut, to collect DK. (archaic) To come together, gather, collect DS.འུར་ འུར་CD, DK. འུརད་DK. འུར་DK.འུརད་DK.(Hoshi 2003). To be noisy, chattering CD. To make humming sounds, to make noise, to become noisy DK.འོང་1 འོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འོངས་CD, DK, DS, TC. འོང་[CD], DK, DS, TC.ཤོག་CD. འོངས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC. [CD], (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276).DS, TC. DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To come. 2. To be suitable, practicable, to do. CD. To come, become, be possible DK. 1. To come. 2. To arise, become, obtain DS. To come TC. Compare ཡོང་ which is an obvious alternate form of the same.འོང་2 འོང་CD, TC. (in Central) A future auxiliary CD. 1. A future auxiliary. 2. To be suitable, acceptable TC.འོན་ འོན་DK, DS, TC. འོནད་DK. འོན་ DS, TC. འོན་DK, DS, TC.འོནད་DK. ཨྀ TC. འོན་ TC (see note).TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To become deaf DK. For the power of hearing sound to deteriorate DS. 1. To be unable to hear sound. 2. (archaic) To take, to show TC.TC gives under འོན་ཅིག་ (archaic) 1. Come, arrive! 2. Give, donate! 3. Carry, take off! འོར་ འོར་CD, TC. འོར་TC. འོར་TC.འོར་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To remove from one place to another, transfer CD. 1. To convey, carry, draw, fetch. 2. (archaic) i. To be discarded, cast off. ii. To protect, shelter TC.འོས་1 འོས་DK, DS. འོས་DK, [DS]. འོས་DK, [DS].འོས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To become suitable, to be fitted, eligible DK. (suffixed to a noun) To conform, comply with DS.འོས་2 འོས་CD, DS, [TC]. (with terminative of infinitive, in later times and vulgar with the root) To be worthy, suitable CD. (suffixed to a verb) To be suitable, allowed DS. To be acceptable, suitable, allowed [TC].
ཡ་ཡན་ ཡན་TC. ཡན་TC. ཡན་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. 1. To wander, roam. 2. To be lost. 3. To not appear TC.ཡར་ ཡར་CD, DK, TC. ཡརད་DK. ཡར་ TC. ཡར་DK, TC.ཡརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. (in colloquial) To disperse, scatter, send adrift. 2. To ramble, to be scattered (Sch.) CD. To wander, roam about, to be dispersed, scattered DK. To scatter, go off elsewhere TC.ཡལ་ ཡལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཡལད་LZ, DK. ཡལ་ [DS], TC. ཡལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཡལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཇའ་སོགས་LZ. (in Old Tibetan contracts) To forfeit, be confiscated (Takeuchi 1995: 185). To shrink, subside, cause diminution, to be displaced CD. To diminish, vanish, disappear DK. 1. To disappear, to become nothing. 2. To suffer a lose DS. To vanish, disappear, become invisible TC.ཡས་ ཡས་DK, DS. ཡས་DK, [DS]. ཡས་[DK], DS.ཡས་[DK]DS. To be beyond limitations, to be endless DK. To be separate, to not be there DS.ཡིན་1 ཡིན་[CD], DK. ཡིནད་DK. ཡིན་DK.ཡིནད་DK.[Abs. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To be (equative, as opposed to existential ཡོད་) NWH.ཡིན་2 ཡིན་CD, DS. for the modern central dialect use as an auxiliary and its egophoric function see (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 75)ཡིབ་ ཡིབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡིབས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡིབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཡིབ་LZ. ཡིབས་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.གོལ་ས་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. ཕག་ཏུ་ ND. To hide oneself CD. To hide, conceal oneself DK. To hide DS,TC.ཡིབས་ ཡིབས་ND. ཡིབས་ND. ཡིབས་ND.ཨྀND. (An involuntary equivalent of the previous verb, or a mistake) NWH.ཡུམ་ ཡུམ་CD, DK. ཡུམས་DK. ཡུམ་DK.ཡུམས་DK. (only in West) To strew (salt on food, ashes on the snow) (Jä) CD. To strew, scatter, sprinkle in drops DK.ཡུར་1 ཡུར་CD, DK, DS. ཡུརད་DK, [DS] ཡུར་DK, [DS].ཡུརད་DK.DS. To irrigate, to arrange irrigation canals CD. To canalize, channel DK. To clear away plants and grass in a field DS.ཡུར་2 ཡུར་ DK, DS, TC. གཡུར་ (TC). ཡུརད་DK, [DS], TC ཡུར་DK, [DS], TC.ཡུརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To become sleepy, be sleepy DK. To fall asleep DS, TC. Compare གཡུར་.ཡེང་ཡེང་(CD), ND, DK, TC. give as an alternate present of གཡེང་. ཡེར་1 ཡེར་CD, DS, TC. ཡེར་ [DS], TC. ཡེར་ [DS], TC.ཡེར་ TC.TC.DS. TC. To sprinkle CD. To rise up DS. To raise up TC.ཡེར་2 ཡེར་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཡེརད་DK. ཡེར་ [DS], TC. ཡེར་DK, [DS], TC.ཡེརད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To not sleep CD. To be cleared, to be without, to be sleepless DK. 1. To be clear, to be cleaned of. 2. To fear, be afraid TC. Compare གཡེར་.ཡོ་ ཡོ་DK, DS, TC. ཡོ་DK, [DS], TC. ཡོ་DK, DS, TC.ཡོ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. ཡོན་པོ་ 'crooked' NWH. To become crooked CD. To be crooked, to veer to one side DS. To fall to one side TC. Compare ཡོར་ and གཡོར་.ཡོག་ ཡོག་TC. ཡོགས་TC. ཡོག་TC.ཡོགས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.ཡོག་ག་ 'a twig used for spinning thread' NWH. To spin TC.ཡོང་1 ཡོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཡོང་DK, [DS], TC. ཡོང་DK, [DS], TC.ཡོང་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276). 1. To be patient, to be capable for, equal to. 2. (= འོང་) To come, arrive CD. To come, become, get DK. (dialect for འོང་ and འོངས་) To come, arrive DS. 1. To arrive. 2. To arise, occur TC.ཡོང་2 ཡོང་DS. 1. To occur, be able. 2. For the correct amount to be reached, to be enough, sufficient DS.ཡོད་ ཡོད་DK. ཡོད་DK. ཡོད་DK.ཡོད་DK. ཡོད་CD, DS.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] 'be' (Hackett 2003). [Obl. Abs.] 'have' (Hackett 2003). 1. To exist. 2. To have NWH. For the function of this verb in Lhasa dialect, and its egophoric use see (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 90).ཡོབ་ ཡོབ་DK. ཡབས་DK. ཡབ་DK.ཡོབས་DK. To gather, heap up DK.ཡོམ་ ཡོམ་CD, DK. ཡོམས་DK. ཡོམ་DK.ཡོམས་DK. To swing, totter, tremble, be unsteady, swinging CD. To be unsteady, to move unsteadily DK.ཡོར་ ཡོར་TC. ཡོར་TC. ཡོར་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To lean to one side, to be crooked TC. Compare ཡོ་ and གཡོར་. ཡོལ་ ཡོལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཡོལད་DK. ཡོལ་ [DS], TC. ཡོལ་DK, [DS], TC.ཡོལད་[DK], ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To have past, be done CD. To pass, cross limitations DK. To have finished DS. To pass TC. Compare གཡོལ་.གཡན་ གཡན་DK. གཡནད་DK. གཡན་DK.གཡནད་DK. གྱན་'itch' NWH. To itch, to suffer from itchy diseases DK.གཡབ་གཡབ་CD. gives as a present of གཡོབ་.གཡའ་ གཡའ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡའ་[ND], DK, [DS], TC. གཡའ་DK, [DS], TC.གཡའ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To shudder, itch CD. To itch, to suffer from itchy diseases DK. 1. To become the flavor and color of rust. 2. To feel the experience of itching. 3. To horripilate DS. 1. To itch. 2. To shake, shudder TC. Compare the nouns གཡན་ 'itch' and གཡའ་ 'rust'.གཡར་གཡར་CD, DK, TC. give as the present of གཡོར་.གཡལ་ གཡལ་[CD], DK, TC. གཡལད་DK. གཡལ་ TC. གཡལ་DK, TC.གཡལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. TC. To yawn, to gape [CD], DK. To yawn TC. Compare the verb གླལ་ 'to yawn'.གཡས་ གཡས་LZ. གཡས་LZ, TC, (ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997). གཡས་LZ.གཡས་LZ.ང་རྒྱལ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་གཞན་ལ་ LZ. (archaic) To borrow, lend TC. Compare with this verb གཡོར་ 'borrow, lend'.གཡིག་ གཡིགས་CD, DS. གཡིག་DK, TC. གཡིགས་DK, [DS], TC. གཡིག་DK, TC. གཡིགས་[DS].གཡིགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To belch, eructate CD. To hiccup DK. For the throat to become numb by eating the gyer-ma plant DS. To eructate, hiccup TC. possibly onomato?Stic.གཡུག་ གཡུག་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཡུགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡུག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཡུགས་LZ. གཡུགས་ ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.ལག་པ་སོགས་ LZ. ཕར་ལ་ ND. To flourish, brandish the hand (alt. for དབྱུག་) CD. To swing hands DK. 1. To throw, hurl away. 2. To get rid of, throw out DS. Compare དབྱུག་.གཡུང་ གཡུང་CD, DK, [TC]. གཡུངས་DK. གཡུང་DK.གཡུངས་DK. To outcaste, to cast out CD. To be acquainted with, be stable, to be firm DK. To tame, domesticate, soften TC.གཡུར་ གཡུར་DS. གཡུར་[DS]. གཡུར་[DS].DS. To fall asleep DS. Compare ཡུར་2གཡུལ་ གཡུལ་CD. To fight, make battle CD. others seem to regard this as a noun.གཡེང་1 གཡེང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡེང་ (CD), ND,DK, TC. གཡེངས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡེངས་DK, TC. གཡེང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡེང་DK, TC.ཡེངས་LZ, ND, DK. གཡེངས་ DK, DS. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཏོལ་མེད་པར་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ LZ. སེམས་ ND. 1. To swing, waft, flow, agitate, move a thing softly to and fro. 2. To agitate the mind, to turn off the attention to disturb the mind CD. To cause to be idle, to distract (g.yeng) DK. To be idle, to distract one's mind from, to loose one's attention (yeng) DK. 1. To be distracted. 2. To lay out, spread (a cover &c.) DS. To be wild, dispersed (g.yeng) TC. For thoughts to not stay, but move elsewhere (yeng) TC.གཡེང་2 གཡེང་DS. གཡེངས་DS. གཡེང་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To float on water DS.གཡེམ་ གཡེམ་DK, DS, TC. གཡེམས་DK. གཡེམ་DK.གཡེམས་DK.DS, TC. To involve in adultery, to have voluntary sexual intercourse with a married person DK. To conduct without manner DS. To have inappropriate conduct TC.གཡེར་ གཡེར་DK. གཡེརད་DK. གཡེར་DK.གཡེརད་DK.(Hoshi 2003). 1. To be active, to become conscious, to be awake. 2. To surprise DK. To become clear (of the sky) (Hoshi 2003). Compare ཡེར་.གཡེལ་ གཡེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡེལད་LZ, DK, DK. གཡེལ་ [DS], TC. གཡེལ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.གཡེལ་LZ. གཡེལད་ND, DK. ཨྀ ND, TC.ND, TC.ND.DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དགོས་དོན་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. གཡེང་བས་(g.yeld) ND. ལེ་ལོས་(-) ND. To be idle, lazy, slothful CD. To forget, be idle, be lazy DK. 1. To break a promise. 2. To open the mouth of a woolen skirt. 3. To be distracted, lazy DS. 1. To wander, move about. 2. To forget. 3. To be apart from, separate from TC.གཡོ་1 གཡོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གཡོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཡོ་2(Duff).བཟའ་བའི་ཟས་དང་ས་སོགས་ LZ. ཟས་དང་འགུལ་བའི་ ND. 1. To move, remove CD. 1. To knead, make paste, boil, cook. 2. To change, move DK. To knead mud, boil food DS. 1. To knead, stir, cook. 2. To jostle, shake TC.གཡོ་2 གཡོ་CD, ND, DS, TC. གཡོས་CD, ND, DS, TC. གཡོ་ND, DS, TC.ཨྀND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཡོ་1(Duff).འགུལ་ལམ་ཟས་ND. To wave, waver, be unsteady CD. To move, shift DS. To change, shift, move TC.གཡོག་ གཡོག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡོགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡོག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གཡོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ན་བཟའ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. པགས་པས་ ND. To cover, strew over, upon CD. To cover, put on someone, to serve to put on, to serve DK. To cover DS. To cover, clothe, encase TC.གཡོབ་ གཡོབ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡོབ་ CD. གཡབ་CD. གཡབས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཡབ་TD. གཡོབས་ CD. གཡབ་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TCགཡོབས་KYN, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཡོབས་ TD, LZ.KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དར་དཀར་སོགས་སྐྱིས་ TD. མདའ་དར་སོགས་ LZ. གཡབ་མོ་ ND. To move about, to swing, flutter (g.yob) CD. To signal, to beckon (g.yab) CD.To wave hands, to wave, to give signal with a hand DK. 1. To swing, flap (a hand, a fan &c.). 2. (colloquial) To couple, have sexual intercourse DS. 1. To make a sign by bending the hand. 2. To draw together in one place TC.གཡོར་1 གཡོར་LZ, ND, DS. གཡར་ CD, DK, TC. གཡརད་LZ, ND, DK. གཡར་ DS, TC. གཡར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གཡོརད་LZ, ND, DK. གཡོར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159).གཞན་གྱི་ལག་སོགས་ནས་ LZ. ཡོ་བྱད་ ND. To borrow, hire CD. To borrow, lend, hire, give or take loans DK. 1. To use a thing belonging to someone else. 2. To have someone use some thing belonging to oneself DS. To borrow, loan TC.གཡོར་2 གཡོར་DK, TC. གཡོརད་DK. གཡོར་ TC. གཡོར་DK, TC. གཡོརད་DK. གཡོར་ TC.TC.TC. To make something crooked DK. To cover, obscure, block TC. Compare ཡོར་.གཡོལ་ གཡོལ་CD, DK, TC. ཡོལ་ (CD in Central). གཡོལད་DK. གཡོལ་ TC. གཡོལ་DK, TC.གཡོལད་DK. གཡོལ་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To evade, shun, not go to a place (Jä) [CD]. To avoid, to go aside DK. To go around, to avoid TC. Compare ཡོལ་.
ར་རག་ རག་CD, DK, DS, TC. རག་DK, [DS], TC. རག་DK, [DS], TC.རག་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 248), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 248). (in West for རེག་) To feel, perceive CD. To get, obtain DK. To depend, rely on DS. To find, obtain TC. Compare རེག་.རང་ རང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རངས་DS. རངས་LZ, CD, DK, [DS], TC. རང་ [DS] རང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. རངས་ [DS].རངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དགེ་བ་སོགས་ལ་ཡིད་ LZ. To be delighted, cheerful, joyous CD. To appreciate, to be delightful, to be cheerful, to rejoice DK. To be please, happy DS. To appreciate, prefer, be happy TC.རན་ རན་CD, DK, [DS], [TC]. རནད་DK. རན་ [DS]. རན་DK, [DS].རནད་DK.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265), (Hoshi 2003).DS. [Abs.](Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 265). To be the time or right moment for anything, to be proper, just right, even CD. To be suitable, to suit DK. 1. To conform, comply, to be fitting, appropriate. 2. For a fixed, determined time to arrive DS. 1. [To be] appropriate, fitting, conforming. 2. To arrive at a time TC.རལ་ རལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རལད་DK. རལ་ [DS], TC. རལ་DK, [DS], TC.རལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228).འདྲལ་(Sprigg 1970: 16), (Chang 1971: i.4). དབྲོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261), (Duff). To tear, to be torn, rent, cleft CD. To be torn, be scattered DK. To destroy, break, scatter DS. To destroy, break, split apart TC. Compare ཧྲལ་.རི་ རི་CD, DK, DS, TC. རི་DK, [DS], TC. རི་DK, [DS], TC.རི་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To estimate the worth of something CD. To value, to be worthy of DK. To market at a price DS. To be an appropriate price TC. Compare the adjective རིན་ 'price' and the verb བྲིན་ 'to market' NWH.རིག་ རིག་CD, DK, DS, TC. རིག་DK, [DS], TC. རིག་DK, [DS], TC.རིག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] CD, (Hackett 2003). 1. (with terminative of the substantive) To know, understand. 2. (with terminative of the infinitive) To know that, to perceive CD. To understand, to comprehend, to apprehend DK. To see with the eyes DS. 1. To see. 2. To know, to understand TC.རིགས་ རིགས་CD, DK, TC. རིགས་DK, TC. རིགས་DK, TC.རིགས་DK. ཨྀ TC. རིགས་DS.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To have the way, manner, custom, quality of. 2. To be necessary, proper, suitable, right, suited to the purpose CD. To be allowable, permissible, suitable DK. To be suitable, proper, allowed DS. To be agreeable, suitable, alright TC.རིངས་ རིངས་CD, DK. རིངས་DK. རིངས་DK.རིངས་DK. To make haste CD. To be in a hurry, to hasten DK.རིད་ རིད་DK. རིད་DK. རིད་DK.རིད་DK. To grow weak, to deteriorate CD.རིལ་ རིལ་DK, TC. རིལད་DK. རིལ་ TC. རིལ་DK, TC.རིལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To fall, to tumble down DK. To roll down, fall down TC.རུག་ རུག་CD, DK, TC. རུགས་DK. རུག་ TC. རུག་DK, TC.རུགས་DK. རུག་ TC.TC. TC. To bend CD. To get together, assemble, bend down DK. To collect together things scattered apart TC.རུང་1 རུང་CD, DK, TC. རུང་DK, TC. རུང་DK, TC.རུང་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be fit, capable for, suitable, right CD. To be permissible, to be serviceable, to be eligible DK. To be alright, permissible TC.རུང་2རུང་DS. (suffixed to present of a verb) To be suitable, permissible DS.རུད་ རུད་DS, TC. རུད་TC. རུད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. (archaic) To fall, drop down, crumble, pulverize DS. To crumble, fall down TC.རུབ་1 རུབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. རུབས་LZ, DK, TC. རུབ་ [DS]. རུབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རུབས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མན་པོས་ LZ. To join, to get together, to collect, to unite, to group DK. 1. To become dark, obscure (of clouds, gloom &c.). 2. To close, tighten the interstices within cracks, splits. 3. To gather many things to one place DS. To close TC. Compare འདྲུབ་.རུབ་2 རུབ་TC. རུབས་TC. རུབ་TC.རུབས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC. To help through cooperation TC.རུམ་ རུམ་DS, TC. རུམ་[DS], TC. རུམ་[DS], TC.རུམ་TC.TC.DS, TC. To heat another by covering with ones own body DS. To huddle up for bodily heat TC (Duff).རུལ་ རུལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རུལད་DK. རུལ་ [DS], TC. རུལ་DK, [DS], TC.རུལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྲུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261). འབྲུལ་ (Gyurme 1992: 261). 1. To go bad, to get rotten, to turn rancid. 2. To thaw (of snow) CD. To get rotten, to go bad DK. For the bacteria inside the body of creatures to deteriorate the body DS. To rot, putrefy TC. Compare འདྲུལ་.རེ་ རེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རེས་LZ, (DK). རེ་ DK, [ND], [DS], TC. རེ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རེས་LZ, (DK). རེ་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS.TC.འདོད་པ་སོགས་LZ. To hope CD. To expect, to have a hope DK. To want a matter to happen DS. To want, desire TC.རེག་ རེག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རེག་LZ, [ND], DK, [DS], TC. རེག་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རེག་LZ, DK, TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རེག་ཡུལ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To attain to, to reach. 2. To touch, to come in contact with. 3. (especially in West) To feel, to perceive CD. To touch, to reach, to attain to DK. To touch, contact directly DS. To touch, contact, attain to, reach TC. Compare རག་.རེགས་ རེགས་[CD], DK. རེགས་DK. རེགས་DK.རེགས་DK. To cut, to shave DK. Compare འདྲེག་.རེང་ རེངས་ND. རེང་ DK, TC. རེངས་[ND], DK, TC. རེང་DK, TC.རེངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. TC. To become rigid, stiff, to become hard, become untamable DK. 1. To become solid, stiff. 2. To freeze solid TC.རེད་1 རེད་CD, DS, TC. རེད་[DS], TC. རེད་[DS], TC.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To make ready, accomplish CD. To be DK. For bacteria in a flesh wound to become worse DS. 1. To become worse because of other conditions. 2. To be all right, to be ready. 3. To whither, dry out TC.རེད་2 རེད་DK. རེད་DK. རེད་DK.རེད་DK. རེད་CD, DS, [TC]. To be DK, TC. For a description of the use of this verb in modern central dialect see (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 64).རེམ་ རེམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རེམས་DK, TC. རེམ་ [DS]. རེམ་DK, [DS], TC.རེམས་DK, TC.TC.DS. TC. To be strong, vigorous, durable, powerful (of men and animals) CD. To concentrate, to try hard DK. A word which exhorts to do an action rapidly DS. 1. To concentrate on something. 2. To try, exert TC.རོལ་ རོལད་LZ. རོལ་ CD, DK, DS, TC. རོལད་LZ, DK. རོལ་ [DS], TC. རོལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རོལད་LZ, DK. རོལ་ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཚོགས་རྫས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To amuse, divert one's self, to play and laugh. 2. To take, taste, eat, drink. 3. To practice sorcery, to cause to appear in magical form CD. To enjoy with food, or dance, to dance DK. 1. To enjoy, be happy. 2. To magically manifest, hide, disguise. 3. To show ones feelings in dance DS. 1. To enjoy. 2. To eat. 3. To play. 4. To magically manifest TC.རླག་ རླག་CD. To become bodiless CD.རླག་2རླག་ DS. give as the present to རློག་རླན་ རླན་LZ. བརླནད་LZ. བརླན་LZ.རླནད་LZ.དྲི་བཟང་གི་ཆུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. To be moist, wet (?) NWH. Related to the noun རླན་པ་ 'liquid.'རླབ་ རླབ་CD. རླབས་ CD. To remove, to clear away (Sch.) CD.རླམ་ རླམ་DK. བརླམས་DK. བརླམ་DK.རླམས་DK. To pollute, influence DK. Probably not to be divided from རློམ་.རླིང་ རླིང་DK, DS. བརླིངས་DK, DS. བརླིང་DK, DS.རླིངས་DK, DS. To be steady, to make firm, to deepen CD. (archaic) To make firm, stable, secure DS.རླུག་ རླུག་ND, DK, TC. རླུགས་ CD. བརླུགས་ND, DK, TC. བརླུག་ND, DK, TC.ཨྀND. རླུགས་ DS, TC.ND.TC. TC.བློ་ ND. (in Tsang) To cast, overthrow, pull down CD. To make closer in friendly relations, to make friends DK. 1. To trust. 2. To destroy. 3. To expose sins, faults TC.རླུག་ རླུག་DK, (DS), TC. ལུག་ DS. རླུགས་[CD], DK, DS, TC. རླུག་DK, (DS), TC. ལུག་ DS.རླུགས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To purge (Cs.) CD. 1. For food to come out through one's anus without digesting. 2. To cause an abortion DK. To dangle downward, to hand down DS. 1. To purge, clean out (the bowels). 2. To come out, leak, drip TC. Compare ལུག་.རློ་ རློ་DS, TC. རློས་DS. རློ་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. (archaic) To hand down, dangle down DS, TC.རློག་ རློག་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. རླག་ DS. བརླགས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བརླག་ TC. བརླག་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རློགས་KYN, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རློག་ LZ, CD. ལྷོགས་ (DS).KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དགྲ་དང་གནོད་བྱེད་སོགས་ LZ. རྡུལ་དུ་ ND. 1. To destroy, break down, turn up. 2. (figurative) To prevent, to infatuate CD. To destroy, demolish, lose, crush, grind, harm DK. 1. To make (valuables &c.) useless. 2. To collect, gather DS. 1. To collect and to reduce to dust, annihilate. 2. To ruin with sin TC.རློང་ རློང་DS. བརློངས་DS. བརློང་DS.རློངས་DS.DS.DS. To introductorily explain the meaning of (study, compassion, meditation) DS.རློན་ རློན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརླནད་ND, DK. བརླན་ CD, DS, TC. བརླན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རློན་ND, DS, TC. རློནད་ DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རློན་ 'moisture' (Beyer 1992: 111).ཆུས་ ND. To make wet, to moisten CD. To make wet, cause to become wet, to damp DK. To make wet with water DS. To wet TC.རློབ་ རློབ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. རློབས་ CD. བརླབས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརླབ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རློབས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བྱིན་གྱིས་ TD, LZ, ND. (in the phrase བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབ་) To bless CD. To bless, control, influence DK. (a widespread suffix which when connected to the phrase "བྱིན་གྱིས་ means) To change into something else &c. DS. To do, to change TC.རློམ་1 རློམ་LZ, NDB, DS, TC. རླམ་ NDA. བརླམས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བརླམ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.རློམས་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ལུས་ཁོག་ཏུ་ LZ. གདོན་གྱིས་ ND. For the mind to go evil because of outside circumstances, for a sense faculty to become dull DS. To press or move to evil TC.རློམ་2 རློམ་CD, TC. བརླམས་CD, TC. བརླམ་TC.ཨྀTC,TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. (used with terminative) To be conceited, to be proud of, to glory in, to boast. 2. To love, to adhere to, to be attached to. 4. To covet CD. To be influenced, corrupted, to hold a perception which exists to not exist. 2. To be proud, covetous TC.རློམ་3 རློམ་DK, DS. རློམས་DK. རློམ་ [DS]. རློམ་DK, [DS].རློམས་DK.DS. To feel proud, to think one's self superior, to feel self-satisfied DK. 1. To be arrogant. 2. To believe DS.བརླག་ བརླག་CD, TC. བརླགས་TC. བརླག་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To wash CD. To loose, discard, to clean away, clear away TC. probably not to be separated from རློག་.
ལ་ལགས་ ལགས་CD, DK, [TC]. ལགས་DK. ལགས་DK.ལགས་DK.ལགས་DS.[Abs. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) To be, become CD. To be DK, DS. (honorific) To be TC.ལང་1 ལང་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལོང་ (CD), (DK). ལངས་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལང་DK, DS, TC. ལོང་CD.ལོངས་ CD, DK, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Abl.] (Hackett 2003).སློང་(Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff). To rise, to get up CD. To get up, stand up DK. 1. To get up. 2. To arise, be born. DS. To get up, stand up, rise TC.ལང་2 ལང་DS,TC. ལངས་DS,TC. ལང་DS,TC.ལོངས་DS. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To dawn, for day to break DS. To dawn, for day to break TC.ལང་3 ལང་CD, TC. ལོངས་CD, TC. ལང་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སློང་(Duff). To come up to, to arrive at, to be equal, to reach CD. To be finished, complete TC.ལད་ ལད་DS, TC. ལད་[DS] TC. ལད་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). སློད་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff). To become bad from good DS. To deteriorate, become weak TC.ལན་ ལན་DS. ལོན་ (DS). ལན་[DS]. ལོན་[(DS)]. ལན་[DS]. ལོན་[(DS)].DS. (for an accident, misfortune) To happen DS.ལབ་ ལབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ལབས་LZ, (DK). ལབ་ DK, [DS], TC. ལབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ལོབས་LZ. ལོབ་ DK, TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210).སྐད་གཏམ་སོགས་ LZ. (colloquial) To speak, talk, tell CD. To speak, say, tell DK. To say what one likes DS. To speak, say, tell TC.ལམ་ ལམ་DK. ལམས་DK. ལམ་DK.ལམས་DK. To be willing to work DK.ལས་ ལས་DK, DS, TC. ལས་DK, [DS], TC. ལས་DK, [DS], TC.ལས་DK. ལོས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To work. 2. To be left. 3. To depend upon DK. (in some dialects) To do work DS. To do TC.ལས་2ལས་CD. gives as a central dialect variant of ལུས་. ལུ་ ལུ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལུ་DK, TC. ལུས་ DS. ལུ་DK, DS, TC.ལུ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. ལུད་པ་ 'phlegm'NWH. To throw up phlegm, to clear the throat CD. To cough, clear ones throat by coughing DK. The circumstance which occurs from feeling of pain in the throat DS. To bring forth phlegm TC.ལུག་1 ལུག་CD. ལུག་ 'sheep' (Beyer 1992: 112 n.11). To huddle heads together like timid sheep, to be sheepish in behavior (Jä) CD.ལུག་2 ལུག་LZ, TC. ལུགས་LZ, TC. ལུག་LZ, TC.ལུག་LZ. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.ཐུར་དུ་ LZ. To collapse, dangle, hand down TC.ལུག༼ས ལུགས་ DS. ལུག་ TC. ལུགས་[DS], TC. ལུགས་[DS]. ལུག་ TC.ལུགས་ TC.TC.DS, TC. To make an article from molten iron placed in a form DS. 1. To pour an impression, cast. 2. To put inside (of something) TC. Compare ལྡུག་, ཟླུག་2.ལུད་ ལུད་DS, TC. ལུད་[DS], TC. ལུད་[DS]. TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. For a liquid (water &c.) to rise above the lip of a vessel and fall down DS. To rise and overflow TC (Duff). Compare ལྡུད་.ལུམ་ ལུམ་DK. ལུམ་DK. ལུམ་DK.ལུམ་DK. To give arrival signals DK.ལུས་ ལུས་CD,DK, DS, TC. ལས་ (CD in Central). ལུས་DK, [DS], TC. ལུས་DK, [DS], TC.ལུས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be left, to remain behind CD. To be left, to depend on DK. 1. To be left over. 2. To remain after finishing DS. To not be finished, not end TC.ལེགས་ ལེགས་ND. ལེགས་[ND]. Probably a verbal use of the adjective ལེགས་ 'good' ND.ལེན་ ལེན་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ལོང་ (CD rare). ལོན་ (CD rare). བླངས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བློངས་ (CD). ལོངས་ (CD rare). བླང་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལོངས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. ལོན་CD(Cs.). བླངས་CD(Cs.). ལོང་CD. ལེནད་ DK.KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hackett 2003).ལོན་1(Gyurme 1992: 261).སྡོམ་པ་སོགས་ LZ. དང་དུ་ ND. 1. To receive, get, obtain. 2. To accept what is offered or given CD. 1. To receive, get. 2. To practice. 3. To do, take voluntarily DK. 1. To carry, take in hand. 2. To be of certain mind, be in the mind. 3. To be able, to have power. 4. To draw out, take out. 5. To promise. 6. To sing the words to a song DS. 1. To fetch, pull, take out, draw together. 2. To sing a song TC.ལོ་1 ལོ་DK. ལོ་DK. ལོ་DK.ལོ་DK.(Hoshi 2003).ཟློ་[Hahn 1999: 124] 1. To remark disapprovingly. 2. To be eligible, serviceable DK. 1. To be suitable, allowed TC.ལོ་2CD, DS, TC. Talk, report, rumor, saying CD. (archaic) An auxiliary which expresses dislike DS. A auxiliary marking quotation, but expressing displeasure TC.ལོག་ ལོག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལོག་DK, [DS], TC. ལོག་DK, [DS], TC.ལོག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hoshi 2003). (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སློག་(Gyurme 1992: 260) 1. To return, to go back. 2. To come back, come again. 3. To turn around, to be turned upside down, to tumble down CD. 1. To return, to go back. 2. To be mistaken DK. (in some dialects) To fall down, collapse DS. 1. To come back. 2. To collapse, fall down TC.Compare ལྡོག་, ཟློག་.ལོང་ ལོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལོང་DK. ལོངས་ DS, TC. ལོང་DK, DS, TC.ལོང་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be blind CD. To be blind, become blind DK. To be the correct amount, to be just right (of a number, measure &c.) DS. To be blind, to be unable to see having lost the power of vision. 2. To be the correct amount, to be just right TC. Compare ལྡོང་. ལོང་2ལོང་(CD), (DK). give as a present of ལང་. ལོད་ ལོད་ND. ལོད་[ND]. A verbal use of ལོད་པོ་ 'relaxed'? NWH. Compare བློད་ and ཀློད་.ལོན་1 ལོན་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལོནད་DK. ལོན་ [DS], TC. ལོན་DK, [DS], TC.ལོནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལེན་(Gyurme 1992: 261). 1. To reach, arrive at. 2. To elapse, pass (in a general sense) CD. To receive, to get in hand, to reach DK. To arrive at a certain time DS. 1. To reach, arrive at, find. 2. To be the correct amount, to be just right (of a number). 3. To know, understand TC. Compare ལྡོན་.ལོན་2 ལོན་DS. ལོན་[DS]. ལོན་[DS].DS. To be able to take, seize, remove DS. Compare ལྡོན་.ལོབ་ ལོབ་DS. ལོབས་ TC. ལོབས་DS, TC. ལོབ་DS. ལོབས་ TC.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To know having studied. 2. To become accustomed, familiar DS. To know, become familiar with TC. Compare སློབ་, ལྡོབ་.
ཤ་ཤད་ ཤད་CD, DK, DS, TC. གཤད་ CD. གཤོད་ CD. ཤད་DK, [DS]. བཤད་ TC. ཤད་DK, [DS]. བཤད་ TC.ཤད་DK. ཤོད་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཤད་ 'a comb' NWH. To comb, curry (a horse) CD. To comb, brush, curry DK. To comb (hair, beard, &c.) DS. To comb TC.ཤན་ ཤན་DS. ཤན་[DS]. ཤན་[DS].DS. To plate (articles) with flattened metal DS.ཤབ་ ཤབ་TC. ཤབས་TC. ཤབ་TC.ཤོབས་TC.TC.DS, TC. To draw, take out from within TC.ཤལ་ ཤལ་CD, DK. ཤལད་DK. ཤལ་DK.ཤལད་DK. To harrow (Sch.) CD. To harrow DK.ཤིག་1 ཤིགས་LZ. ཤིག་DK. བཤིགས་LZ, DK. བཤིག་LZ, DK.ཤིགས་LZ, DK.ཁང་པ་སོགས་LZ. To loosen knots, to set free DK. Compare འཇིག་2.ཤིག་2 ཤིག་CD. To be able CD.ཤིང་ ཤིང་DS. ཤིང་[DS]. ཤིང་[DS].DS.ཤིང་ 'wood' (?) NWH. To stiffen, go stiff (of the body's limbs &c.) DS.ཤིབ་ ཤིབ་CD, DK. ཤིབས་DK. ཤིབ་DK.ཤིབས་DK. To whisper (Jä) CD. To whisper DK. (Jä) gives as an alternate of ཤུབ་.ཤིལ་ ཤིལ་CD, DK. ཤིལད་DK. ཤིལ་DK.ཤིལད་DK. (West) To drip through (Jä) CD. To drip through DK. A verbal use of ཤིལ་ལི་ 'the sound of rain' TC.ཤིས་ ཤིས་LZ, DK, DS. ཤིས་LZ, DK, [DS]. ཤིས་LZ, DK, [DS].ཤིས་LZ, DK.DS.བཀྲ་རྟགས་སོགས་ LZ. To be virtuous, to be auspicious DK. For good results to arrive DS.ཤུ་ཤུ་CD, D K. gives as the present of གཤུ་.ཤུག་ཤུག་TC. gives as the present of གཤུག་.ཤུང་ཤུང་ND. gives as the present of གཤུང་ཤུང་ ཤུང་CD. ཤུངས་CD. 1. To snore. 2. To hum, buzz (e.g. of a large beetle) (Jä) CD.ཤུད་1 བཤུད་LZ, TC. ཤུད་ CD, ND, DK, (TC). བཤུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. བཤུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. བཤུད་LZ. ཤུད་ ND, DK, TC.ND, TC.TC.ལག་པས་འགྲམ་པ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ཕན་ཚུན་ ND. 1. (Central) To rub (one thing against each other). 2. To steal silently away, to sneak off (Jä) CD. To rub, to apply friction to DK. 1. To grind. 2. To scrape, scrape off TC. Compare གཤུད་.ཤུད་2 ཤུད་ DS. ཤུད་ [DS]. ཤུད་ [DS].DS. To slide, slip DS.ཤུབ་ ཤུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS. ཤུབས་LZ, CD, DK. བཤུབས་ DS. ཤུབ་LZ, DK. བཤུབ་ DS.ཤུབ་LZ. ཤུབས་ CD, DK, DS.CD, DS.DS.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ངག་སྒྲ་ LZ. To whisper, speak in a low voice (Jä) CD. To whisper DK. To speak softly DS. probably onomatopñtic. ཤུམ་ བཤུམ་LZ, TC. ཤུམ་ CD, ND, DK, DS. བཤུམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤུམས་CD. བཤུམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤུམ་ CD.བཤུམ་LZ. ཤུམས་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤུམ་ CD.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གདུང་བ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. ངུ་འམ་ ND. To weep, shudder CD. To lament, shed tears DK. (honorific) To cry DS, TC.ཤུལ་ ཤུལ་DK. བཤུལད་DK. བཤུལ་DK.ཤུལད་DK ཤུལ་ 'trace, print', cf. also བཤུལ་ 'road, path' NWH. To follow the track of, to track DK.ཤེན་ ཤེན་(Taube 1978: 198). བཤན་(Taube 1978: 198). To butcher (Taube 1978: 198).ཤེར་ བཤེརད་LZ. ཤེར་CD, DK, TC. གཤེར་ ND, DS. བཤེརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཤེར་ CD, DS, TC. བཤེར་LZ, ND, DK, TC. གཤེར་ DS.བཤེར་LZ. ཤེརད་ ND, DK. གཤོར་ DS. ཤེར་ TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཚིག་གཏམ་གྲོས་སོགས་LZ. ཕན་ཚུན་ ND. To compare, to confront (Cs.) CD. To check, to count for checking DK. To think carefully, to examine again and again DS. 1. To discern true and false. 2. To research. 3. To mutually compare TC.ཤེས་ ཤེས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཤེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཤེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཤེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hackett 2003).ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་སོགས་ LZ. To understand, know, comprehend DK. To be able to distinguish characteristics, to understand DS. To understand, know, comprehend TC.ཤོག་1 ཤོག་DS. ཤོག་[DS]. ཤོག་[DS].DS. To exhort to come hither DS. generally regarded as the imperative of འོང་ but historically the imperative of གཤེགས་.ཤོག་2 ཤོག་DS. (when suffixed to some verbs) To show, pray for that DS. generally regarded as the imperative of འོང་ but historically the imperative of གཤེགས་.ཤོང་ ཤོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཤོངས་DK. ཤོང་ [DS], TC. ཤོང་DK, [DS], TC.ཤོངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. 1. (with terminative) To hold, contain, to have room in, on (Jä). 2. To comprehend, hold in the mind CD. To have room in, to have capacity of, to be able to contain DK. To be able to fit inside DS. To be in, fit in TC.ཤོང་ཤོང་CD, ND. give as the present of གཤོང་.ཤོད་ཤོད་TC. gives as a present of འཆད་ཤོམ་ཤོམ་LZ, CD, DS. give as the present of གཤོམ་.ཤོལ་ བཤོལ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ཤོལ་CD, DK. བཤོལད་LZ, ND, DK, DS. བཤོལ་ CD, TC. བཞོལ་(DS). བཤོལ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཤོལད་LZ, DS. ཤོལད་ ND, DK. ཨྀ ND. བཞོལ་ (DS). ཤོལ་ TC.ND, DS, TC.ND.DS, TC.ཟླ་བ་དང་བྱ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. བྱ་བ་སོགས་ (shold) NDB. བྱ་བ་ (shold) NDA, (-) ND. To wait, defer, delay, prolong, postpone CD. To postpone, to feel lazy DK. 1. To postpone, delay. 2. To descend from, dismount DS. 1. To delay, cancel. 2. To dismount TC.གཤགས་ གཤགས་DS. གཤགས་[DS]. གཤགས་[DS].DS. 1. To tighten, become tight. 2. To influence, affect, and repeatedly return to the awareness. 3. To pummel, make fine through striking DS.གཤང་1གཤང་LZ, DK give as the present of གཤོང་གཤང་2གཤང་DK. gives as the present of བཤང་གཤར་1 བཤར་LZ. གཤར་ TC. བཤརད་LZ. བཤར་ TC. བཤར་LZ. གཤར་ TC.བཤར་LZ. གཤོར་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.འབྲུ་སོགས་ LZ. To go in stages TC.གཤར་2གཤར་ CD, DS, TC. give as the present of གཤོར་2གཤར་3གཤར་ DS. gives as the present of གཤོར་3 and གཤོར་4གཤལ་ བཤལ་LZ, CD, TC. གཤོལ་ ND. གཤལ་ DK, DS. བཤལ་LZ, DS, TC. བཤལད་ ND, DK. བཤལ་LZ, ND, DK, TC. གཤལ་ DS.བཤལ་LZ. ཤོལད་ ND. གཤལད་ DK. གཤོལ་ DS. བཤོལ་ TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྣོན་སོགས་ཆུས་ LZ. ཆུས་ ND. To wash, to wash out, wash off, to clean by washing, to rinse (Jä) CD. 1. To wash in water. 2. To drag, pull along DK. To purify (a smell &c.) using the power of water DS. 1. To wash. 2. To drag, pull TC.གཤིན་ གཤིན་DK. བཤིནད་DK. བཤིན་DK.གཤིནད་DK. To soften, to make soft, to cause to smooth down, to cause to become friendly, cause to be friendly DK.གཤིབ་ གཤིབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཤིབས་LZ, TC. བཤིབས་ ND, DK, DS. གཤིབ་LZ, ND, TC. བཤིབ་ DK, DS. གཞིབ་ (ND).ཤིབས་LZ. གཤིབས་ ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤིབས་ (NDA).ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གྲལ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. གྲལ་སོགས་ND. To compare, to range (Sch.), to draw up in files (Jä) CD. To cause to associate closely, to make stay together, to cause to line up DK. To arrange to things in a line DS. 1. To group together, arrange tightly. 2. To accompany, bring together, to ally TC.གཤུ་ བཤུ་LZ, ND, TC. ཤུ་ CD, DK. གཤུ་ DS. བཤུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཤུས་ CD. བཤུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཤུས་LZ, CD. ཤུ་ CD, DS. ཤུས་ ND, TC. CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).པགས་པ་དང་མ་དཔེ་ལས་ LZ. དཔེ་དང་པགས་པ་ ND. 1. To take off, pull off, peel, strip. 2. To copy CD. 1. To transcribe. 2. To peel DK. 1. To remove, tear off husk, skin. 2. To copy, transcribe a book DS. 1. To peel off, remove a skin, husk. 2. To copy, transcribe a book TC.གཤུག་ བཤུག་LZ, CD. གཤུག་ DK. ཤུག་ TC. བཤུགས་LZ, DK, TC. བཤུག་LZ, DK, TC.ཤུགས་LZ, TC. གཤུགས་ DK.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཟས་གོས་སོགས་ LZ. (archaic) To sell (Cs.) CD. To pass on, to pass round, to give by hand, to pass on something internally DK. To sell something one owns without earning any profit TC.གཤུང་ གཤུང་LZ, CD, DK, (DS), TC. བཤུང་ CD, DS. ཤུང་ ND. གཤུངས་LZ. བཤུངས་ ND, DK, DS, TC. གཤུང་LZ, (DS). བཤུང་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ཤུངས་LZ, ND, TC. གཤུངས་ DK. བཤུངས་ DS.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.སྨན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཟུར་གྱི་ LZ. གཞན་ལ་ ND. (behind a person's back [Jä]) To rebuke, to blame, reproach (Cs.) (gshung) CD. (archaic) 1. To bring down, degrade, fall off, fall down. 2. To curse (bshung) CD. To backbite, to rebuke, curse in whisper DK. To bring down with words, insult, belittle DS. To insult, complain about secretly TC.གཤུད་ ཤུད་CD. གཤུད་DS. བཤུད་ TC. བཤུད་CD, DS, TC. བཤུད་ CD, TC. གཤུད་DS. བཤུད་DS. ཨྀTC.DS.TC.DS.TC. To get scratched, excoriated, galled (cf. shun) (Jä) CD. To injure the outer layer of skin through a scratch, scrape DS. To become swollen, numb from cold TC. Compare ཤུད་1.གཤུར་ བཤུར་LZ, CD, TC. གཤུར་ ND, DK, DS. བཤུརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཤུར་ DS, TC. བཤུར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཤུརད་LZ, ND. གཤུརད་ DK. གཤུར་ DS. ཤུར་ TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མེ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ཆོད་མ་ ND. To singe CD. To slightly burn new cloth in order to smooth down, clean DK. To make something thin DS. To burn the fluffy threads of a wool cloth in order to make it smooth TC.གཤེ་ གཤེ་CD, DK, DS, TC. གཤེས་CD, DK, DS. གཤེ་ TC. གཤེ་DK, DS, TC.གཤེས་DK, DS. གཤེ་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To abuse, revile CD. To scold, to abuse, to blame with angry words DK. To threaten, intimidate DS. To speak harsh words which insult, intimidate TC.གཤེགས་ གཤེགས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཤེགས་[ND], DK, [DS], TC. ༌གཤགས་(Róna-Tas 1966: 95 #670). གཤེགས་DK, [DS], TC.གཤེགས་DK. ཨྀ TC. ཤེག་ (Jä). ཤོག་ (Jä).(Jä).TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) 1. To go away, depart. 2. To come, return, come back. 3. To die CD. 1. To go, proceed. 2. To give up. 3. To know DK. 1. To go. 2. (honorific) To die DS. 1. To go, leave. 2. To pass TC.ཤོག་ supplies the imperative of འོང་. གཤེར་1 གཤེར་LZ, DK, DS. གཤེརད་LZ, DK. གཤེར་ [DS]. གཤེར་LZ, DK, [DS].གཤེར་LZ. གཤེརད་ DK.DS.ཆར་ཆུ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ LZ. To get wet, to moisten DK. To become wet with water DS.གཤེར་2 གཤེར་CD. To ask for, beg for CD.གཤེར་3གཤེར་ ND, DS. give as the present as ཤེར་གཤེར་4གཤེར་CD. gives as a present of གཤོར་3གཤོ་ གཤོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཤོ་ CD. གཤོས་LZ, CD, DS. བཤོས་ ND, DK, TC. གཤོ་LZ, DS. བཤོ་ ND, DK, TC.ཤོས་LZ, ND, TC. གཤོས་ DK. ཨྀ DS.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003). DS.DS, TC.ཆུ་སོགས་ LZ, ND. To pour CD. 1. To prepare food. 2. To spill water DK. 1. For the power of water to make a trace in the ground. 2. To flow, pour down DS. To pour out TC.གཤོ་2གཤོ་DK. gives as the present of བཤོ་.གཤོག་ གཤོག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. གཤག་ DS. གཤེག་ (TC). གཤགས་LZ, CD, DS, (TC). བཤགས་ CD, TC. བཤག་ DK. གཤག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཤོག་ ND, (DS).གཤོག་LZ, CD, DS. གཤོགས་ ND, DK, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཞག་(Gyurme 1992: 261).བྲག་དང་ཤིང་སོགས་ LZ. ཤིང་སོགས་ ND. 1. To cleave, to break through. 2. To confess CD. To chop wood, to cut into halves, into pieces DK. 1. To shatter a round object into pieces. 2. To split into two or more fragments DS. To split into many pieces TC.གཤོང་ གཤང་LZ, DK. ཤོང་ CD, ND. གཤོང་ DS, TC. གཤངས་LZ. བཤང་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཤང་LZ, [CD]. བཤང་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.གཤོང་LZ (see note). ཤོངས་ CD, ND, TC. གཤངས་ DK. གཤོངས་ DS.CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.རྔ་སྦུབ་སོགས་LZ. ཁུང་དང་སྦྲུབས་ ND. To empty, remove, carry, take away CD. To increase the inside capacity, to enlarge the inside capacity DK. To take something out from inside (a cover, sheath &c) DS. To dig out, clear away TC. "in the speech of Bonpos this is equal to ཤོར་LZ.གཤོམ་ གཤོམ་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, (DS), TC. ཤོམ་ LZ, CD, DS. བཤམས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཤོམས་ CD. ཤོམས་ CD. བཤམ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཤོམས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. གཤོམས་ DK. བཤོམ་ CD. ཤོམ་ CD.. KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཆོད་པ་སོབས་ [sic] TD. མཆོད་པ་སོགས་ LZ. མཆོད་པ་ཤོམ་ར་ ND. To prepare, make ready, arrange, put in order CD. To arrange, to put in a line, to take off a sword from its case, to get ready DK. 1. To arrange objects well in a certain place. 2. To arrange, set forth DS. 1. To prepare, arrange, lay out. 2. To draw out, remove TC.གཤོར་1 གཤོར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཤོརད་LZ. བཤརད་ DK. བཤར་ CD. བཤོར་ DS, TC (see note). གཤོར་LZ. བཤར་ DK. བཤོར་ DS, TC.གཤོར་LZ, DS, TC. གཤོརད་ DK. DS, TC.DS, TC.རི་དྭགས་སོགས་ LZ. To chase, run after CD. To hunt DK. To catch and kill game animals in order to take their flesh, skin &c. DS. To hunt TC.TC gives གཤོར་ in the verb tables, but བཤོར་ in the text.གཤོར་2 གཤོར་ LZ, CD, DK. གཤར་ CD, DS, TC. བཤརད་ LZ, DK བཤར་ CD, DS, TC. བཤར་ LZ, CD, DS. གཤར་ TC. བཤར་ DK, DS.གཤོར་LZ, DS, TC. གཤོརད་ DK.DS, TC. DS. TC. འཕྲང་དང་རིམ་པར་ LZ. To move, go in a file, proceed in a procession CD. To line up while crossing a narrow passage DK. To go, follow one after another DS. To go in stages TC.གཤོར་3 བཤར་LZ. གཤོར་CD, ND, DK, TC. གཤར་ DS. བཤརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཤར་ CD, DS, TC. བཤར་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཤར་LZ. ཤོརད་ ND. གཤོར་ DS, TC. གཤོརད་ DK. ND, DS, TC.DS. TC. འབྲུ་སོགས་ LZ. སྐོ་དང་བྲེ་འཕུང་ NDB. སྒོ་དང་བྲེ་འཕུང་ NDA. To measure, weigh CD. To measure DK. To measure, weigh DS, TC.གཤོར་4 གཤོརད་LZ. གཤར་ DS. གཤརད་LZ. བཤར་ DS གཤར་LZ. བཤར་ DS.གཤོར་ LZ, DS.TC.DS.དཔེ་ཆ་སོགས་བློ་ལ་ LZ. To say again and again DS.གཤོལ་གཤོལ་ND. gives as the present of གཤལ་བཤགས་བཤགས་LZ. gives as the present of འཆགས་.བཤང་ གཤང་DK. བཤངས་ TC. བཤངས་DK. བཤང་DK.གཤངས་DK. To discharge urine, excrement DK. (archaic) To defecate TC.བཤའ་ བཤའ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཤས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཤའ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཤས་LZ, DK. ཤོས་ ND, DS. ཨྀ ND. བཤོས་ TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS, TC.ལུག་སོགས་ LZ. ལུག་སོགས་ (shos) ND. ར་ལུག་ (-) ND. To slaughter, kill CD. To kill, to put to death, to slaughter DK. To kill farm animals for their flesh and skin DS. 1. To kill. 2. To divide, allot, apportion TC.བཤར་བཤར་LZ. gives as the present of གཤོར་3བཤལ་ བཤལ་CD, TC. གཤལ་DK. བཤལད་DK. བཤལ་ TC. བཤལ་DK, TC.གཤལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC. To suffer from diarrhea CD. To have dysentery DK. To purge (the bowels) TC.བཤལ་2བཤལ་LZ, CD, TC. gives as the present of གཤལ་བཤིག་བཤིག་CD. gives as the present of འཇིག་2བཤིགས་ བཤིགས་DS. བཤིགས་[DS]. བཤིགས་[DS].DS. To churn milk into butter DS.བཤིབ་ བཤིབས་LZ. བཤིབ་ CD. བཤིབས་LZ, CD. བཤིབས་LZ.བཤིབས་LZ.སོར་མོ་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་ LZ. To arrange evenly CD.CD suggests comparison with བཞིབ་, perhaps not to be separated from གཤིབ་.བཤུ་བཤུ་LZ, ND, TC. give as the present of གཤུ་.བཤུག་བཤུག་LZ, CD. give as the present of གཤུག་བཤུང་བཤུང་CD, DS. give as the present of གཤུང་.བཤུད་ བཤུད་CD. 1. To purify by fire (Sch.) CD. 2. To put into the scabbard, to sheath (Sch.) CD.བཤུད་2བཤུད་LZ, TC. give as the present of ཤུད་1བཤུད་3བཤུད་TC. gives as the present of གཤུད་.བཤུམ་བཤུམ་LZ, TC. give as the present of ཤུམ་.བཤུར་bshur LZ, CD, TC. give as the present of གཤུར་.བཤེད་ བཤེད་DS. བཤེད་DS. བཤེད་DS.DS. To temper having heated in a fire DS.བཤེརད་བཤེརད་LZ. gives as a present of ཤེར་བཤེས་ བཤེས་LZ, CD. བཤེས་LZ. བཤེས་LZ.བཤེས་LZ.གྲོགས་སོགས་དང་ LZ.To be in accord, harmony with, to be friendly to be acquainted with CD.བཤོ་ བཤོ་CD, DS. འཚོས་ND. གཤོ་ DK. བཤོས་ [TC]. བཤོས་CD, ND, DK, DS. འཚོས་ND. བཤོ་DK, DS.འཚོས་ND. གཤོས་ DK. བཤོས་ DS.DS.ཕོ་མོ་ ND. 1. To lie with, to have sexual intercourse. 2. To vomit CD. To make love DK. (archaic) To fornicate DS, TC.བཤོལ་བཤོལ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. give as the present of ཤོལ་
ས་སངས་1 སངས་LZ, DS, TC. སངས་LZ, [DS], TC. སངས་LZ, [DS], TC. སངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སངས་3(Gyurme 1992: 261)མུན་སྒྲིབ་སོགས་LZ. To clear up darkness, gloom, sleep DS. To clean all smells by washing in water TC.སངས་2 སངས་DK, DS, TC. སངས་DK, [DS], TC. སངས་DK, [DS], TC.སངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To wake up, to give up DK. To clear up darkness, gloom, sleep DS. To become clear (e.g. from sleep) TC.སངས་3 སངས་CD, ND, DK. བསང་LZ, DS, TC. བསངས་CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྩངས་TC (archaic). བསང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསངས་LZ. སོངས་ ND, TC. བསོངས་ DS.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སངས་1(Gyurme 1992: 261)མནོལ་བ་སོགས་ LZ. འབགས་པ་ ND. To cleanse, to remove CD. To clean or remove filthy matters DK. To purify a smell by pouring water on top of something DS. 1. To purify, discard. 2. To clear away TC. Compare ཚངས་.སད་1 སད་DK, DS, TC. སད་DK, [DS], TC. སད་DK, [DS], TC.སད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To wake up, to regain consciousness DK. To wake from sleep DS. To wake TC.སད་2 སད་DK, DS, TC. སད་DK, [DS], TC. སད་DK, [DS], TC.སད་DK, TC.TC.DS.TC. To estimate DK. To go up in conceptual understanding, to examine, measure DS. To examine, measure TC.སིང་ སིང་CD, DK. བསིངས་DK. བསིང་DK.སིངས་DK. To pick out, sort out wool for the third time by which the finest is obtained CD. To distill beer &c. to seep through, to ooze out, to filter DK.སིམ་ སིམ་LZ, DK, TC. སིམ་LZ. སིམས་ DK, TC. སིམ་LZ, DK, TC.སིམ་LZ. སིམས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་དང་སེམས་སོགས་ LZ. To merge, to be pricked in DK. 1. To sink. 2. To be happy, blissful TC.སིལ་སིལ་DK. gives as the present of གསིལ་ 'cut'.སུ་སུ་ND. gives as the present of བསུ་སུག་ སུག་CD. To push, jog, nudge a person (in order to awaken or make him attentive), to push open a door with a stick CD.སུད་ སུད་CD. To cough, to breath with difficulty (Cs.) CD.སུན་ སུན་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསུནད་DK. སུན་ [DS], TC. བསུན་DK. སུན་ [DS], TC.སུནད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be out of humor, weary of, sick of, tired, weary. 2. To blame CD. To irritate DK. To deteriorate in desire or joy DS. To be sad TC.སུབ་ སུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསུབ་ CD. བསུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སུབས་ CD. བསུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. གསུབ་ (LZ), DS.སུབས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཟུབ་(Gyurme 1992: 261).རྗེས་དང་རི་མོ་སོགས་ LZ. རི་མོ་ ND. 1. To stop up, plug up, close, cork, to keep shut, locked up. 2. To blot out, erase, cover up, shut up, obliterate CD. To erase, to clean away, to hide, to stop DK. To get rid of, efface (a trace, picture &c) DS. 1. To wipe away, clean, efface. 2. To stop, fill up with a stone to get rid of TC.སུམ་ ཟུམ་LZ, (DS). སུམ་ LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བསུམ་ CD. བཙུམས་LZ. བསུམས་ ND, DS, TC. བསུམ་ DS. བཙུམ་LZ. བསུམ་ LZ, ND, DS, TC.ཟུམས་LZ. ཚུམས་ LZ. སུམས་ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མེ་ཏོག་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ (zum) LZ. ཁ་སོགས་(sum) LZ. ཁ་ ND. 1. To bind, tie together, to draw together, to condense (Sch.). 2. To close, shut (Cs.) CD. To close the lip of a vessel &c. DS. To unite, gather together TC. Compare ཟུམ་.སེག་ སེག་DS, TC. སེག་[DS], TC. སེག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. For a hole to appear in the tough material of teeth through abrasion DS. For a tooth to hurt TC.སེང་ སེང་CD, DS, TC. བསེང་ CD. བསངས་CD. སེང་ [DS]. སེངས་ TC. བསང་CD. སེང་ [DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To lift up, to raise what was hanging down or drooping CD. For the space between a collection of many things to increase DS. To purify, clean, recover TC.སེམས་ སེམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སེམས་ CD. བསམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སོམ་ CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 176).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 176). [Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཡིད་ཀྱིས་ TD. ཐོས་དོན་སོགས་ LZ. ཡིད་ལ་ND. 1. To think. 2. To fancy, imagine CD. To think, to consider DK. To think DS. To examine, think about TC.སེར་ སེར་DS. སེར་[DS]. སེར་[DS].DS. (dialect) To be miserly, avaricious DS.སེལ་ སོལ་KYN. སེལ་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སེལད་ LZ. བསལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསལ་ CD, DK, TC. བསལ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སོལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND. སོལ་ CD, DS, TC. སེལད་ DK.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 313), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 313), (Hackett 2003).དྲི་མ་སོགས་ TD. ལོག་རྟོག་དང་དྲི་མ་སོགས་ LZ. བཀག་པ་ ND. To through off, remove. 2. To cleanse. 3. To pick, pick off. 4. To blot out, cross out CD. To wipe off, to remove, to separate DK. 1. To set, place to one side. 2. To get rid of, annihilate DS. 1. To purify, get rid of. 2. To open. 3. To draw out, extract, remove TC. Compare the more archaic forms of this verb སྩེལ་ and གསལ་.སོགས་ སོགས་TC. སོགས་TC. སོགས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To increase, accumulate, grow TC. Compare སྩོག་, འཚོགས་, གསོག་.སོང་ སོང་CD, DK. སོང་DK. སོང་DK.སོང་DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (usually regarded as the perfect of འགྲོ་) To go CD. To go DK.སོད་ སོད་(Gyurme 1992: 261).གསོད་(Gyurme 1992: 261). To be killed (Gyurme 1992: 261).སོན་1 སོན་CD, DK, DS, TC. སོནད་DK. སོན་ [DS], TC. སོན་DK, [DS], TC.སོནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To go, come CD. To reach, receive, obtain DK. To arrive DS. To arrive, get, obtain TC.སོན་2 སོན་DK. བསོནད་DK. བསོན་DK.སོནད་DK. སོན, གསོན་[DK]. To cause, to receive in one's hand, to cause to reach, to cause to be alive DK.སོལ་སོལ་KYN. gives as the present of སེལ་.སོས་ འཚོ་CD. སོས་ DK, DS, TC. སོས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. སོས་DK, [DS], TC.སོས་CD, DK. ཨྀTC.CD.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གསོ་(Gyurme 1992: 261). 1. To live. 2. To remain alive. 3. To last, to be durable CD. To recover from DK. 1. To be restored, recovered. 2. To be able to live. 3. To assemble factors which are necessary DS. 1. To be born, arise, develop. 2. To support, recover, heal TC. Compare འཚོ་1 and འཚོ་2.སྲ་ སྲ་DK. བསྲ་DK. བསྲ་DK.སྲ་DK. To make durable, to firm DK.སྲད་1 སྲད་DS. བསྲད་DS. བསྲད་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To dehydrate, for water within something to be decreased DS.སྲད་2 བསྲོད་CD. བསྲེད་CD. སྲད་DS. བསྲད་DS. བསྲད་DS.སྲོད་DS.DS.DS. To dry by exposing to the rays of the sun (Sch.) CD. To decrease the water within something, to dry out DS.སྲན་ སྲན་LZ, DK, TC. སྲོན་ DS. བསྲནད་LZ, DK. བསྲན་ DS, TC. བསྲན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྲོནད་LZ. སྲནད་ DK. སྲོན་ DS, TC.TC.TC.དཀའ་བ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སོགས་ LZ. To endure, tolerate, to firm, make durable DK. To experience (suffering, illness &c.) without discouragement DS. To endure, withstand suffering TC.སྲབ་ སྲབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲབ་ CD. བསྲབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲབ་LZ. ཨྀ ND. སྲབས་ DK. སྲོབས་ DS, TC. ND. TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྲབ་ 'bridle' (Beyer 1992: 111)སྒྲིབ་པ་དང་རས་ཕྲུག་སོགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ LZ. སྒྲིབ་པ་ ND. To be diminished, to bridle, keep under, restrain, check, curb, restrain CD. To thin, to narrow, to clean DK. To thin, make thinner DS. To make thin TC.སྲི་1 སྲི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲིས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ནོར་རྫས་སོགས་ LZ. ནོར་སོགས་ ND. 1. To retain, to be parsimonious, niggardly (especially with nor), economize, save. 2. (in West) To wind, to wrap round (Jä) CD. To reduce expenditure, to save DK. To be thrifty, to be greedy DS. To be thrifty with expenditure TC.སྲི་2 སྲི་DS, TC. སྲི་[DS]. བསྲིས་TC. སྲི་[DS]. བསྲི་TC.སྲིས་TC.TC.DS.TC. To be able to urinate but a little DS. To damn up, hold back (e.g. urine) TC.སྲིང་ སྲིང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲིངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྲིང་ [ND]. བསྲིང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲིངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འདྲིང་NWH. རིང་ 'long' (Chang 1971: ii.5)ཚེ་སོགས་རིང་དུས་ TD. ཚེ་དང་ཡུན་དང་ཡི་གེ་སོགས་ LZ. ཡན་དང་ཡི་གེ་ཕྲིན་སོགས་ ND. 1. To extend, to stretch, to stretch out. 2. To fling far away, send. 3. To postpone. 4. To send. 5. To bring up, train up, to rear (Glr.) (Jä) CD. To elongate, to send, to throw away DK. 1. To lengthen a period of time. 2. To give over, entrust, grant, send. 3. To stretch DS. 1. To make longer. 2. To spread, expand. 3. To grant, bestow, confer. 4. To throw TC.སྲིད་ སྲིད་CD, DK. སྲིད་DK. སྲིད་DK.སྲིད་DK. སྲིད་DS.(Hoshi 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be CD. To be possible DK. To be, be able, be allowed DS.སྲིབ་1 སྲིབ་ND, TC. བསྲིབས་ND. སྲིབ་ TC. བསྲིབ་ND. སྲིབ་ TC.སྲིབས་ND. ཨྀ TC.ND.TC.TC.མུན་གྲིབ་ ND. To be dark, gloomy, obscured TC.སྲིབ་2 སྲིབ་DS. བསྲིབས་DS. བསྲིབ་DS.སྲིབས་DS.DS.DS. To have no more work DS.སྲུང་ སྲུང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲུངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྲུངས་ CD. བསྲུང་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དསྦརུང་ TD.སྲུངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྲུང་ (Zeisler 2004: 349), CD. བསྲུངས་ CD.KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་ཀྱི་གནོད་པ་ TD. ལུས་དང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ LZ. ཉེས་སྐྱོན་ ND. 1. To watch, keep guard, guard, keep in custody, save from, protect, shelter. 2. To be cautious, beware of, guard against. 3. To keep, observe faithfully (a promise, laws). 4. To hinder, forbid, prohibit CD. To defend, protect, endear, preserve DK. 1. To guard, protect from harm. 2. To watch, examine. 3. To respect (laws, customs &c.) DS. 1. To protect, take care of. 2. To prevent harm, stop form harming. 3. To respect, obey TC.སྲུན་ སྲུན་DK, DS. བསྲུནད་DK. བསྲུན་ DS. བསྲུན་DK, DS.སྲུནད་DK. སྲུན་ DS.DS.DS.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To make peaceful, make firm, cause to become stable, cause to be stable DK. To tame, break in (a horse, ox &c.) DS.སྲུབ་ སྲུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. རུབ་1NWH.འོ་མ་དང་ཇ་ཁུ་སོགས་LZ. ཞོ་སོགས་ ND. 1. To stir, stir up, to churn. 2. To rummage, to rake up, to stir, to turn over. 3. To rub two pieces of wood against each other to produce fire (Jä) CD. To stir up, to turn away DK. 1. To stir a kind of liquid (water, milk &c.). 2. To stick the tip of something into liquid (e.g. a pen in ink) DS. 1. To churn. 2. To rub together TC.སྲུལ་ སྲུལ་CD, DK, DS. TC. བསྲུལ་CD, DS. བསྲུལད་ DK. བསྲུལ་CD, DK, DS.སྲུལད་DK. སྲུལ་ DS.DS.DS. རུལ་(Gyurme 1992: 261). 1. To be corrupted, decomposed. 2. To stir, mix and stir. 3. To shove, to move to and fro (Jä) CD. To cause to get rotten, to wear away DK. To process, manufacture by soaking (leather, hide &c.) in a liquid with dissolved substances in it (such as salt water &c.) DS. (archaic) To rot TC. Compare འདྲུལ་ and འབྲུལ་.སྲུས་ སྲུས་CD. To thicken, to become more consistent by evaporation or by boiling (Sch.) CD.སྲེ་ སྲེ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲེས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲེ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲེས་ TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲེས་ CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Ass./Instr.] (Hackett 2003). འདྲེ་CD, (Chang 197: iv.8), (Beyer 1992: 117 n. 15), (Gyurme 1992: 258).ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ཏུ་ TD. རྫས་གཉིས་ལྟ་བུ་གཅིག་ཏུ་ LZ. གཅིག་ཏུ་ ND. 1. To mix with, mingle, to admix. 2. To add, to add up, cast up, sum up (Jä) CD. To add, mix DK. 1. To mix two things together. 2. To make a mistake, not differentiating two meanings. 3. To add one number to another number DS. To add to, to mix TC.སྲེག་ སྲེག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྲེགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྲེགས་CD. བསྲེག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྲེགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, DK, DS, TC. བསྲེག་ CD. བསྲེགས་ CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228), (Hackett 2003).འཚིག་(Gyurme 1992: 261).མེ་དང་ཉི་མས་TD. མེ་ལ་ཤིང་དང་རྫས་སོགས་LZ. མེ་ལ་ND. 1. To burn, consume, destroy by fire. 2. To roast, fry, bake. 3. To tan, make swarthy CD. 1. To burn. 2. To roast DK. 1. To make a fire burn something. 2. To change something with fire or heat. 3. To injure the body with fire, or something hot DS. To burn, injure TC.སྲེད་ སྲེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྲེད་LZ, [ND], DK, [DS], TC. སྲེད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.སྲེད་LZ, DK. ཨྀ ND, TC.ND, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ནོར་ལོང་སྤྱོད་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To desire CD. To cling, to be attached to DK. To desire, crave, long for DS, TC.སྲེལ་ སྲེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲེལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྲེལ་CD, DS, TC. བསྲེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲེལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྲེལ་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཡོག་དང་བུད་མེད་སོགས་LZ. འཆང་བའི་ND. 1. To rear, bring up, nurse (Cs.). 2. To hold CD. 1. To produce. 2. To hold, keep, preserve DK. To take care of DS. 1. To hold, take, take charge of. 2. To produce TC.སྲོ་ སྲོ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲོས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྲོས་CD. བསྲོ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲོས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲོ་CD. བསྲོས་CD.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དྲོ་(Chang 1971: iv.9).ཉི་མ་སོགས་ཀྱི་དྲོད་TD. མེ་དང་ཉི་མར་LZ. ཞལ་དང་ཆུ་སོགས་ND. To warm CD. To sunbathe, to warm at fire, to warm DK. To make warmer (because of sunlight, fire &c) DS. To dry out, to make warm (in the sun, or fire) TC.སྲོང་ སྲོང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྲང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྲོངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྲོང་ CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དྲང་པོ་ 'straight' (Chang 1971: iv.8), (Emmerick 1983: 68).དྲང་པོར་TD. ཤིང་གུག་པ་སོགས་དྲང་པོར་LZ. ཡོ་བ་ ND. To make straight, to straighten (Jä) CD. To straighten, to make straight DK. 1. To make straight (the aspects crooked, bent, lopsided &c). 2. To fully explain the meanings of an important point DS. To make straight, to straighten TC.སྲོན་སྲོན་ DS. gives as the present of སྲན་སྲོས་ སྲོས་TC. སྲོས་TC. སྲོས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To dusk, to enshroud, darken TC.སླ་1 སླ་DK. བསླས་DK. བསླ་DK.སླས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To make easy, to simplify, dilute DK. To be easy (Hackett 2003). To be weak (of tea, alcohol &c.) (Hoshi 2003).སླ་2 སླས་DS. སླ་TC. སླས་[DS]. བསླས་TC. སླས་[DS]. བསླ་TC. སློས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To produce articles by twisting fine vegetable material, to weave, braid DS. [To weave, knit, braid] TC. Compare བླས་, སླེ་, ལྷས་.སླག་ སློག་LZ. སླག་ DK. བསླགས་LZ, DK. བསླག་LZ, DK.སློགས་LZ. སླགས་DK.གོས་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱི་ནང་ LZ. To accumulate, collect DK.སླང་ སླང་(Hackett 2003). སླངས་(Hackett 2003). སླང་(Hackett 2003). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To sing (Hackett 2003). Probably to be referred to སློང་. སླད་སླད་CD, DK. give as the present of སློད་སླན་ སླན་LZ, CD. བསླནད་LZ. བསླན་ [CD]. བསླན་LZ.སློནད་LZ.ཁོངས་དང་ཕྱོགས་སུ་LZ. To mend, patch (Sch.) CD.སླམ་ སླམ་CD. 1. (in Center and West) To roast slightly, to parch, to make brown by exposing to heat (e.g. meal). 2. To roast, fry (Jä) CD.སླས་སླས་DS. gives as the present of སླ་སླུ་ སླུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ལྷུ་ CD (dialect). བསླུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སླུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སླུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསླུས་ CD.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱབ་རྟེན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. བྲིད་པའི་ ND. To entice, allure, ensnare, beguile, seduce CD. To delude, deceive DK. To confound with lies and guile DS. To confound, deceive TC.སླེ་ སླེ་CD, DS. བསླེས་DS. བསླེ་[CD], DS.སླེས་DS.DS.DS.ལྷེས་མ་ 'braid' (Hahn 1999: 124). To twist, plait, braid (the hair), to make (a basket), to knit CD. To produce articles by twisting fine vegetable material, to weave, braid DS. Compare སླ་ and ལྷས་.སླེབ་1 སླེབ་DK, TC. སླེབས་DK, TC. སླེབ་DK, TC.སླེབས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159), (Hoshi 2003).TC. [Abs.](Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 159). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To reach, to arrive DK. To arrive TC.སླེབ་2 སླེབ་CD, DK, DS. བསླེབས་CD, DK, DS. བསླེབ་DK, DS.སླེབས་DK, DS.DS.DS. (honorific) 1. To arrive. 2. To reach, extend to a certain place or point. 3. To come in (of interest, rent duties) CD. To cause to arrive, to cause to reach DK. To arrive in a place DS.སློག་ སློག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསློགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསློག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སློགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC. ལྡོག་CD. ལོག་ (Gyurme 1992: 261).རྡོ་བ་དང་ཏòམò ཀ་སོགས་LZ. ཕྱི་ནང་སོགས་ ND. To turn round, turn about, to turn upside down, turn inside out CD. 1. To return, to send back, give back. 2. To turn over, to reverse DK. 1. To reverse up and down, top and bottom. 2. To change the direction something was going. 3. To plough up, dig up (land &c.). 4. To give something back DS. 1. To newly plough up (uncultivated land &c.) interchanging top and bottom, inside and outside. 2. To reverse TC.སློག་2སློག་LZ. gives as the present of སླག་.སློང་ སློང་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སླང་ (DK). བསླངས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སླངས་CD. བསླང་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND ཎཌཨཔཔེཨརསཏོ་ཧབེ༹་ཨ་བེ༹རཡཕཻ༹ནཏནརཨོ་ཨིཨེ བསོང, བུཏ་ཐིས་སེཨེམས་ཨུནལིཀཨེལཡ , DK, DS, TC. སླང་CD.སློངས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སློང་ CD.KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hackett 2003). ལྡང་CD. ལང་(Gyurme 1992: 260), (Beyer 1992: 116).བརྒྱལ་བ་དང་དར་ཤིང་སོགས་LZ. ཡར་ལ་ལྟོ་སོགས་ND. 1. To cause to rise, to help to rise, raise, lift up. 2. To excite, inspire (compassion, fear, terror &c.). 3. To kindle (a disease) into action. 4. To ask, request. 5. To collect, gather (e.g. riches). 6. To examine, probe (a wound). 7. To give CD. To raise up, to lift up DK. 1. To produce, engender. 2. To ask to give (wealth, food &c.). 3. To awaken, arose from sleep. 4. To raise up. 5. To cause, to condition DS. 1. To raise, to hoist. 2. To request another for something sought after TC.སློད་ སློད་KYN, LZ, ND, DS, TC. སླད་CD, DK. བསླད་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསླད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སློད་ KYN, LZ, ND, DS, TC. སླད་DK.KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལད་(Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff). ལྷད་ 'contaminant' NWH.སྐྱོན་དང་དྲི་མ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ. འོ་མ་སོགས་ ND. 1. To mix (especially with something of an inferior quality. 2. To adulterate, vitiate, spoil, corrupt CD. To adulterate, make impure by adding something of less value DK. 1. To mix something bad into something good. 2. To confuse, cause confusion DS. To contaminate, mix in something bad TC.སློན་ སློན་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསླནད་DK. བསླན་ DS, TC. བསླན་DK, DS, TC.སློནད་DK. སློན་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. ལྷན་ '(adj.) together, (n.) a patch' or lan 'reply' NWH. (archaic) 1. To return, repulse. 2. To patch, to mend (Sch.). 3. To dissemble, feign (Sch.). 4. To thrust out (Cs.) CD. To cause to categorize, to include, to add DK. 1. To patch (wool &c.). 2. To join something to the outer surface of another thing. 3. To retaliate, take revenge DS. 1. To gather, join, merge, combine. 2. To sew on. 3. To travel, roam a land TC.སློབ་ སློབ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སླབ་KYT, KYN. སླབས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསླབས་CD, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137). སླབ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སློབས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སློབ་CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hackett 2003).ཡོན་ཏན་TD. ཡོན་ཏན་དན་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སོགས་LZ. བསླབ་བྱ་ND. To learn, to teach CD. To study, to teach, to advise DK. To learn, to teach DS, TC.གསག་ གསག་CD. To sew together (Sch.) (Jä) CD.གསག་2གསག་CD. gives as a present of གསོག་.གསང་གསང་CD, TC. give as the present of གསོང་1གསན་1 གསྩན་(Li &Coblin 1987: 444). གསན་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གསོན་ LZ, ND, DS. གཟན་ (TC). གསནད་LZ, ND, DK. གསན་ DS, TC. གསན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གསོནད་LZ, ND, DK. གསནད་ LZ. གསོན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྙན་གྱིས་བཤད་དོན་སོགས་(gson) LZ. བླ་མ་ལས་ཆོས་སོགས་(gsan) LZ. སྙན་གྱིས་ND. (honorific) To hear, to listen to CD. To listen, to hear DK. (honorific) To listen to DS, TC.གསན་2གསན་ (NDB), DK. give as the present of གཟོན་.གསབ་ གསབ་CD, DS. འཚོབ་ND, DS. གསོབ་ CD, TC. བསབ་CD. བསབས་ND, DS, TC. གསབ་CD. བསབ་ND, DS, TC.སོབ་ND, (DS). སོབས་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྐྱིན་པ་ ND. 1. To fill out, fill up, to supply, complete, make up, to cure (wounds). 2. To pay, repay, return CD. 1. To complete something incomplete, replenish, supplement. 2. To mix something into something else. 3. To repay, return something borrowed, repay (a debt &c.) DS. 1. To replace, repay. 2. To replenish, supplement, complete TC. Compare འཚབ་2.གསལ་ གསལ་CD, DK. གསལད་DK. གསལ་DK.གསལད་DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be clear, bright CD. To become visible, be visible, to appear DK. Compare སྩེལ་ and སེལ་.གསིག་ གསིག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསིག་ CD. བསིགས་LZ, CD, ND, (DK), DS, TC. གསིགས་ DK. གསིག་LZ, ND, DK. བསིག་ (DK), DS, TC.སིགས་LZ, DS, TC. བསིག་ (LZ). གསིགས་ ND, DK..ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.རལ་བ་སོགས་LZ. ལུས་སོགས་ ND. To shake and throw up in a backward direction (gsig) CD. To fan (bsig) CD. To shake, to throw up DK. To shake, move (head hair, body hair &c.) DS. 1. To shake, to make quiver. 2. To put up, lay up TC.གསིང་ གསིང་DS. བསིང་ TC. བསིངས་DS, TC. བསིང་DS, TC.གསིངས་DS. བསིངས་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To pour water on top of something, to wash over DS. To filter, strain TC.གསིད་ གསིད་CD. བསིད་CD. To pick, sort hair, wool CD. perhaps a mistake for གསེད་ (?)གསིར་ གསིར་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསིར་ TC. བསིར་CD, DS, TC. བསིརད་ DK. གསིརད་ (DK). གསིར་TC. བསིར་DK, DS, TC. གསིར་ (DK), TC.གསིརད་DK. བསིར་ DS, TC. གསིར་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. 1. To whirl about, to twist. 2. (in West) To move by a repeated pushing. 3. To smooth, to make even (with a plane, knife &c.). 4. To slide, glide, slip down a slope (Jä) CD. To shoot out directly, to move suddenly and straight or to move swiftly with whispering sound DK. To turn quickly, to shoot out DS. To turn (gsir) TC. To shoot, throw quickly (bsir)TC.གསིལ་1 གསིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. སིལ་ DK. གསིལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསིལ་ DS, TC. གསིལ་LZ, ND, DK, TC. བསིལ་ DS, (TC).གསིལ་LZ, DS, TC. གསིལད་ ND. ཨྀ ND. སིལད་ DK. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆ་ཤས་དུམ་བུར་LZ. དུམ་བུར་ ND. 1. To multiply in arithmetic (Rtsis). 2. To divide, split CD. To cut to pieces, split DK. 1. For one thing to be made into many pieces. 2. To multiply small number into a whole number DS. 1. To split, slice, split apart, cleave. 2. (honorific) To wash, rinse, bathe. 3. (honorific) To shave, shear. 4. To urinate TC. Compare the noun སིལ་མ་ 'piece, particle, fragment' (Haarh 1969: 298).གསིལ་2 གསིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསིལད་LZ. བསིལ་ ND, DS. གསིལད་DK. གསིལ་TC. གསིལ་LZ, DK, TC. བསིལ་ ND, DS.སིལད་LZ, ND. གསིལད་ DK. གསིལ་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སིལ་ཁྲོལ་སོགས་LZ. ཞབས་ND. To toll, sound, ring CD. To sound, to make sound DK. To play music (like a bell) DS. To play music (like a bell) DS. To sound, toll, ring TC.གསུང་1 གསུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གསུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གསུང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གསུང་LZ, CD. གསུངས་ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་སོགས་LZ. ཞལ་ནས་ ND. 1. To speak, talk, say. 2. To explain CD. To say, to speak DK. (honorific) To read, speak DS. (honorific) To speak, say TC.གསུང་2 གསུང་(Hackett 2003). གསུངས་(Hackett 2003). གསུང་(Hackett 2003).གསུངས་(Hackett 2003). [Obl. Abs.] (Hackett 2003) To [be] called (Hackett 2003).གསེ་ གསེ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. གསེས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. གསེ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.སེས་LZ. གསེས་ ND, DS, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND, DS, TC. ND.DS, TC.ཤིང་དང་གོང་བུ་བུ་སོགས་ LZ. ཕྲ་བར་དབྱེ་ (gses) ND. ཕྲ་མོར་ (-) ND. For a thing in one piece to be made into many pieces DS. 1. To split, slice. 2. To allocate, allot, apportion TC.གསེག་ གསེག་DS. བསེགས་DS. གསེག་DS.གསོགས་DS.DS.DS. To tilt, slant in one direction DS.གསེང་ གསེང་DS. གསེང་[DS]. གསེང་[DS].DS. To make padding soft, loose DS.གསེད་ བསེད་LZ, CD. གསེད་CD, ND, DS, TC. གསེས་ DK. བསེད་LZ, [CD], ND, DK, DS, TC. བསེད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སེད་LZ, ND, TC. སེས་ DK. བསེད་ DS. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བལ་སོགས་ ND. To pick out, sort, to pull, pluck in pieces (gsed) CD. To sort, to discriminate (bsed) CD. To assort wool &c., to pull in pieces DK. To [pick out] individually something matted, tangled (such as wool &c.) DS. To card, differentiate TC.གསོ་1 འཚོ་LZ, CD, ND. གསོ་ CD, DS, TC. གསོས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བསོས་ CD. སོས་ [CD]. གསོ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.སོས་LZ, (DS). གསོས་ ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)སོས་(Gyurme 1992: 261).ནད་སོགས་ LZ. སྲོག་ NDB. སྲོག་སོགས་ NDA. 1. To nourish, pasture, feed. 2. To heal, cure ('tsho) CD.1. To feed, nourish, to bring up, nurse up, train. 2. To mend, repair (gso) CD. To nourish, care for by providing the circumstances for life DS. 1. To nourish, sustain, produce. 2. To restore deteriorated things TC.(Uray 1982: 546 n. 3) connects this verb with the noun ཁབ་སོ་ / ཁབ་སོ་པ་ 'officials who levy taxes', compare འཚོ་.གསོ་2 གསོ་LZ, CD, TC. གསོས་CD, DK. འཚོ་(DK). བསོས་LZ, CD, TC. གསོས་ CD, DK. བསོ་LZ, DK, TC. གསོ་ (DK).སོས་LZ. གསོས་ DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)ངལ་དུབ་སོགས་ LZ. To mend, repair, foster, cherish CD. (honorific) To take rest, refresh one's self, to move fatigue by rest (bso) CD. To recreate (bsos) CD. To have rest, to cause to recover, to restore DK. To restore from fatigue TC. Compare འཚོ་ and སོས་.གསོག་1 གསོག་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སོག་ CD. གསག་ CD. བསག་ CD. བསགས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, (DS), TC. བསག་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, (DS), TC.གསོགས་KYN, DK, TC. སོག་ LZ, TC. སོགས་ ND.KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003) དགེ་བ་དང་བསོད་ནམས་སོགས་ LZ. ཚོགས་དང་ནོར་ ND. To collect, gather, hoard up CD. To save, keep, preserve, collect DK. To increase from few to many (wealth, possession &c.) DS. To establish, build up, produce TC. Compare སྩོགས་, འཚོག་, སོགས་.གསོག་2 གསོག་LZ, DS, TC. བསོགས་LZ, DS, TC གསོག་LZ. བསོག་DS, TCགསོགས་ LZ, DS. གསོག་(LZ). སོག་TCDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.རྒྱུ་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. To increase from few to many (wealth, possession &c.) DS. To gather, pile up TC Compare སྩོགས་, འཚོག་, སོགས་.གསོག་3 གསོག་DS. བསགས་DS. བསོགས་ (DS). གསག་DS. བསག་ (DS). བསོག་ (DS).སོག་DS.DS.DS. To make a mistake, commit a crime &c. DS.གསོང་1 གསང་CD, TC. གསོང་ ND, DK, DS. གསེང་ CD. གསངས་ND, DK, TC. གསང་ DS. གསང་ND, DK, DS, TC.གསོངས་ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). DS, TC. སྦ་བྱ་ND. 1. To do a thing secretly, to conceal. 2. To be careful, to watch CD. To hide, to keep a secret DK. To hide, to make unknown DS. To hide, to obfuscate to another TC.གསོང་2 གསོང་LZ. གསོངས་LZ. གསོང་LZ.གསོང་LZ.སྙིང་གཏམ་སོགས་ LZ.གསོད་ གསོད་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. བསད་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. གསད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. བསད་ CD.སོད་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)སོད་(Gyurme 1992: 261).སྲོག་ཆགས་ TD. ལུག་སོགས་LZ. དགྲ་ ND. To kill, slay, murder, slaughter CD. To kill, to put to death DK. To cut off the continuity of a creature's life (e.g. men, cattle &c.) DS. 1. To cut off life, to kill. 2. To clear away, annihilate TC.གསོན་1 གསོན་CD, DK, DS, TC. གསོནད་DK. གསོན་ [DS], TC. གསོན་DK, [DS], TC.གསོནད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC. To live, to be alive, to remain alive, to save, preserve one's own life CD. To be alive DK. To stay alive DS. To have life, to not deteriorate TC.གསོན་2 གསོན་CD. CD. To wake, to rouse from sleep by shaking, to urge on, to hurry on by force CD.གསོན་3གསོན་LZ, ND, DS. gives as the present of གཟོན་.གསོབ་ གསོབ་KYN, LZ, CD. བསབས་KYN, LZ. བསབ་ CD. བསབ་KYN, LZ. གསབ་ CD.སོབ་KYN, LZ.KYN.གཞན་ལ་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To fill out, fill up, to supply, complete, make up, to cure (wounds). 2. To pay, repay, return CD.གསོར་1 གསོར་LZ, CD, DS, TC. གསོརད་LZ. བསོར་ DS. གསོར་ TC. གསོར་LZ, TC. བསོར་ DS.གསོརད་LZ. གསོར་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)རྡོ་རྗེ་སོགས་ LZ. To brandish, flourish CD. To wave, swing an axe, sickle &c. with the hand DS. To brandish, raise, flourish TC.གསོར་2 བསར་LZ, CD. གསོར་DK, TC. གསར་ DS. བསརད་LZ, DK. བསར་ DS, TC. བསར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བསར་LZ. གསོརད་DK. གསོར་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003) To get ready for substitute, to substitute [sic] DK. To organize (articles &c.) in rows DS. To prepare, take out TC.གསོལ་ གསོལད་LZ. གསོལ་ CD, ND, DS, TC. གསོལད་LZ, ND. གསོལ་ [DS], TC. གསོལ་LZ, ND, [DS], TC.གསོལད་LZ, ND. སོལ་ CD. ཨྀ ND. གསོལ་ TC.ND, CD, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)ཞུ་དོན་སོགས་ LZ. མཆི་དང་བཞལ་དུ་ (gsold) ND. ཞལ་དུ་ (-) ND. 1. To ask for, to beg for. 2. (honorific) To dress, to put on. 3. To eat, drink, to take a meal, offer a meal CD. 1. (honorific) To use (food, drink &c.), to wear (wool &c.). 2. (suffixed to some verbs) To ask someone to establish one's wish, hope. 3. To ask, to say DS. 1. To request, to offer. 2. To eat, drink, wear TC. (མཆིད་གསོལ་པ་) To send a letter (from a person of lower rank to a person of higher rank) (Takeuchi 1990: 183). Compare སྩོལ་ and སྤྲིང་.བསར་བསར་LZ, CD. give as the present of གསོར་2བསལ་ བསལ་CD. To make known by trumpet or drum CD.བསིང་བསིང་TC. gives as the present of གསིང་.བསིད་ བསིད་CD. To mend, repair CD.བསིར་ བསིར་TC. (in West) To sip (Jä) CD.བསིལ་ བསིལ་CD, DK, TC. བསིལད་DK. བསིལ་ TC. བསིལ་DK, TC.བསིལད་DK. བསིལ་ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003) 1. To cool. 2. (honorific) To wash CD. 1. To cut hair. 2. To wash, clean feet &c. 3. To take off one's shoes &c. 4. To cool DK. 1. To wash. 2. To shear, shave. 3. To give off, shed. 4. (dialect) To doff, take of (clothes) TC.བསུ་ བསུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སུ་ ND. བསུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསུ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསུ་LZ. བསུས་ CD, DK, TC. སུས་ ND, DS. CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003)མགྲོན་པོ་སོགས་དང་སྔོན་དུ་LZ. བསུམས་ ND. To go to meet CD. To invite, to welcome, to receive guests DK. To go before a guest, ask about heath, make welcome &c. to show happiness DS. To invite TC. Compare བརྩུ་, an archaic form of this verb.བསུར་ བསུར་LZ. བསུརད་LZ. བསུར་LZ.སུརད་LZ.ཐུར་མ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ LZ.བསེགས་ བསེགས་CD. To come from one side, to come across one's way (Sch.), to come into collision with CD.བསེང་ བསེང་CD. To revive, spirit, to awaken, rouse CD.བསེར་ བསེར་DS. བསེར་[DS]. བསེར་[DS].DS. To cherish, take care of, be greedy, avaricious DS.བསོད་ བསོད་DS. བསོད་[DS]. བསོད་[DS].DS. To be happy, delighted CD.བསྲལ་ བསྲལ་CD. To separate, sort, choose CD.བསྲེད་བསྲེད་CD. gives as the present of བསྲད་བསྲོད་བསྲོད་CD. gives as the present of བསྲད་.
ཧ་ཧང་ ཧང་CD, DK. ཧངས་DK. ཧང་DK.ཧངས་DK. 1. To pant, gasp. 2. To squander, dissipate (Jä) CD. To be surprised, to be shocked DK.ཧད་ ཧད་DS. ཧད་[DS]. ཧད་[DS].DS. To be surprised, taken back, to deteriorate mentally DS.ཧབ་ ཧབ་CD, DK. ཧབས་DK. ཧབ་DK.ཧབ་DK. To laugh sneeringly CD. To take by snatching away, to plunder DK.ཧར་ ཧར་DK, DS. ཧརད་DK. ཧར་ [DS]. ཧར་DK, [DS].ཧརད་DK.DS. To be too fast to act, to be very hasty DK. To open a hole larger DS.ཧལ་ ཧལ་CD, DS, TC. ཧལ་[DS]. ཧལ་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS. To pant, wheeze, snort (Jä) CD. To have rough, short breath with the mouth open DS. (dialect) To breath with difficulty TC. perhaps onomatoptic ཧས་ ཧས་CD, DK. ཧས་DK. ཧས་DK.ཧས་DK. (West) To exaggerate, to talk big, to brag (Jä) CD. To be very fast breathing DK.(Hoshi 2003). gives this verb as an alternate of ཧལ་.ཧུང་ ཧུང་ND. ཧུང་ND.ཧུར་ ཧུར་CD. To be quick, active, dexterous CD.ཧོམ་ ཧོམ་CD. (West) To fall away, to shrink, to shrivel (Jä) CD.ཧོལ་ ཧོལ་CD, DS. ཧོལ་[DS]. ཧོལ་[DS].DS. To loosen soil (Jä) CD. For the soil of fields to become soft DS.ཧྲག་ ཧྲག་CD. (Hoshi 2003). To require more and more (Jä) CD. To be highly efficient (Hoshi 2003).ཧྲད་ ཧྲད་CD. 1. To thrust, to push violently, to stem firmly. 2. To scratch. 3. To exert one's self (Jä) CD. Compare འདྲད་.ཧྲལ་ ཧྲལ་CD. DK. ཧྲལད་DK. ཧྲལ་DK.ཧྲོལད་DK. To rend, tear up, tear to pieces (Jä) CD. To exaggerate, to make, become spacious lines DK. Compare འདྲལ་ and རལ་.ཧྲིག་ ཧྲིག་CD. (in West) To hang (a thief) (Jä) CD.ཧྲིངས་ ཧྲིངས་TC. ཧྲིངས་TC. ཧྲིངས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. 1. To become evil. 2. To stiffen. 3. To coagulate TC.ཧྲུམ་ ཧྲུམ་CD. To break, smash (Sch.) CD. Root given as rum (Hahn 1999: 124).(Hahn 1999: 124) suggests this comes from the same root as the adjective krum pa (< g + rum) 'broken'.ཧྲུལ་ ཧྲུལ་DK. ཧྲུལད་DK. ཧྲུལ་DK.ཧྲུལད་DK. To be worn out, to become too old, to decay DK. Compare འདྲུལ་, རུལ་.ཧྲེང་ ཧྲེང་DK. ཧྲེངས་DK. ཧྲེང་DK.ཧྲེངས་DK. To become, be single DK.ཧྲེམ་ ཧྲེམ་DK. ཧྲེམས་DK. ཧྲེམ་DK.ཧྲེམས་DK. To become dry DK.ཧྲོམ་ ཧྲོམ་ND. ཧྲོམ་ND.ལྷ་ ལྷ་CD. To soften, slough, suppurate CD.ལྷག་ ལྷག་DK, TC. ལྷག་DK, TC. ལྷག་DK, TC.ལྷག་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Abl.] (Hackett 2003). To remain as a surplus of CD. 1. To be left, remain behind. 2. To exceed a certain measure TC.ལྷགས་ ལྷགས་CD, DK, DS, TC. ལྷགས་DK, [DS], TC. ལྷགས་DK, [DS], TC.ལྷགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To approach, to meet, to assemble with other persons CD. To come, approach forcefully DK. To arrive, come DS. To arrive TC.ལྷན་ ལྷན་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). To be together (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368).ལྷས་ ལྷེ་CD. ལྷས་ DS. ལྷེས་ DS. ལྷས་CD. ལྷས་ [DS]. ལྷེས་ [DS]. ལྷས་ [DS]. ལྷེས་ [DS].DS. To twist, plait, braid, weave CD. To plait, weave DS. Compare with སླེ་ and སླ་.ལྷུག་ལྷུག་CD, ND. gives as a present of ལྡུག་.ལྷུང་ ལྷུང་LZ, DK, TC. ལྷུང་LZ. ལྷུངས་ DK, TC. ལྷུང་LZ, DK, TC.ལྷུང་LZ. ལྷུངས་ DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྟ་དང་གཡང་ས་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To fall down DK. To drop, fall TC.ལྷུད་ལྷུད་ND. gives as the present of ལྡུད་. Compare also བླུད་.ལྷོང་ ལྷོང་DK, TC. ལྷོངས་DK, TC. ལྷོང་DK, TC.ལྷོངས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC. To be successful, to be accomplished DK. 1. To arrive at and enter into. 2. To be able to stand on its own TC.ལྷོད་ ལྷོད་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ལྷོད་LZ, [ND], [DS], TC. ལྷོད་LZ, [DS], TC.ལྷོད་LZ, TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཅིངས་མདུད་སོགས་ LZ. To be at ease, carefree (in though or action) DS. To loosen, relax, slacken TC. Compare གློད་.ལྷོན་ ལྷོན་CD, DS, TC. ལྷོན་TC. ལྷོན་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC. TC. To return, give pay back CD. 1. To join, place, contact, one thing on another thing. 2. To send a reply, to harm in return for a reply which harms DS. To come, arrive to the ear TC. Compare གློན་.